91 research outputs found
Knowledge and awareness of aetiological and risk factors as determinants of health-seeking pattern of parents of children with epistaxis in a tertiary health institution: A 7-year prospective study
No full textAim: This prospective study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of aetiological and risk factors as determinants of the health-seeking pattern of parents of children with epistaxis in a tertiary health institution. Materials and Methods: This was a 7-year cross-sectional prospective study where copies of the questionnaire were distributed to consenting parents whose children presented to our institution with epistaxis between January 2015 and December 2021. A total of 570 parents were enrolled in the study in the research time period. Results: Out of 570 patients, majority (39%) were aged between 11 and 15 years, followed by 35% aged between 6 and 10 years, 17% aged between 1 and 5 years and 11% aged between 16 and 18 years. Three hundred and eighty (66.67%) were male and 190 (33.33%) were female. Two hundred and ninety-five (51.75%) patients had primary education, followed by 189 (33.16%) patients with secondary education and 86 (15.09%) patients with preschool education. Three hundred and seventy-three (65.44%) patients had anterior bleeding and 107 (18.77%) patients had posterior bleeding while 90 (15.79%) patients had both anterior and posterior bleeding. The majority of the parents, 399 (70%), were aware about the epistaxis while 171 (30%) parents were unaware about the epistaxis. Conclusion: A significant number of parents are unaware of the epistaxis and also unaware of the various aetiological and risk factors of the epistaxis and these issues need a more nuanced analysis in light of Africa's rich cultural diversity
The spectrum of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck emergencies: Our experience
No full textBackground: Emergencies in otorhinolaryngology are common in health-care facilities. Early detection and treatment of a disease can result in the reduction of morbidity and mortality in patients. Aim: This study was carried out in the southwest region of Nigeria over 10 years to depict the epidemiology, gender, and age-wise distribution of otorhinolaryngology emergencies. Materials and Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered and information was collected on the medical histories of the patients examined. The age and gender of patients, their clinical diagnosis at the time of admission, and the progress of the patient's health after emergency treatment were listed. Results: The total number of patients who visited the ear, nose, and throat (ENT) emergency department was 12,931 from January 2011 to December 2021. On average, three emergency patients/day and 1293 emergency patients per year visited ENT emergency department. The ages of patients ranged between 1 month and 70 years. The number of male patients was 8657 (66.94%), and the number of female patients was 4274 (33.05%). The ratio of males to females was 2:1. The most common emergency cases were of nose bleed (25.57%). Then, we had cases of earache and ear discharge on our list. Conclusion: The otorhinolaryngology emergency department plays a vital part in managing life-threatening situations such as acute nose bleed, bleeding after removal of tonsils, upper airway, neck boils, severe middle ear infection, and acute fungal sinus infection. These conditions require urgent and effective treatment from an ENT Specialist. The ENT emergency department plays a vital part in managing life-threatening situations which require urgent and effective treatment from otorhinolaryngology specialists. There is a dire need to create standards for prioritising and reducing the number of nonurgent/fake emergency cases appearing in ENT emergencies so that the proper treatment could be given to the deserving emergency cases
The descriptive review, from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the disease, an enigmatic
No full textIntroduction: The recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), which is caused by the human papilomavirus type 6 and 11, is the most common benign neoplasm in the larynx among infants and the second more frequent cause of the hoarseness in childhood. Is a enigmatic disease that can be devastating for those whom are affected. Is way misunderstood, and the investigation is still on matter. Objective: This review had as objective provide a global vision and an update of what is recognized about the RRP and that is ahead of interns therapies. This surgical and adjuvant was performed through the research of database PubMed, MEDLINE, Cumulative index to nursing and health, Allied Literature and Cochrane. Eletronic library sought to use the headers of the subject "Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis", "Juvenile Laryngeal Papillomatosis", "Respiratory Papillomatosis", "Pediatric Laryngeal Obstruction" and "Airway Management". The obtained results were analyzed of relevance for the theme. Discussion: The human papillomavirus (HPV) is a little DNA virus that contain. The recurrent respiratory papillomatosis can affect people of any age, with the younger patient identified in a day of age and the oldest with 84 years. The most common presentation is the supporter of the RRP, it is the hoarseness. The therapy has been repetitive and debulking. The objective is to erradicate the disease, without damaging the normal structures. None modality has proven effective in the eradication of RRP. Conclusion: Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis is a frustrating disease, capricious with the potential of the morbid consequences by the cause of involvement of the airway and the risks of malignant degeneration
A Prospective Analysis of Otomycosis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
No full textBackground: Otomycosis is a fungal infection of the external
auditory canal, commonly encountered in the general
otolaryngology department. Otomycosis is more frequently
observed in hot and humid climates and various individual,
as well as environmental factors, predispose to this infection.
This study aims to explore the prevalence of otomycosis
in a tertiary care hospital in Ekiti state, Nigeria, along
with a focus on patient demographics, predisposing risk factors,
and pathogenic causes.
Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the
Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) department of Federal Teaching
Hospital Ido-Ekiti, which is a tertiary care hospital in Ekiti
state, Nigeria. The study involved 275 patients above the
age of 10, who presented in the ENT department over 5
years period and were clinically diagnosed cases of otomycosis.
Certain patient demographics such as age, gender,
and clinical presentations were recorded along with possible
risk factors and clinically observed findings. Microbiological
causes were evaluated via the culture of samples collected
from each individual. Results were statistically analysed and
the results are presented in a tabulated manner.
Results: The results obtained in our study revealed that
the majority of the subjects were between the ages of 20
and 30 years, making a total of 38.2% of the study population.
Males were observed more commonly then females
accounting for 56% of the total study population. 267 patients
reported unilateral ear involvement among which the
right ear was involved in 82% of the cases. The most frequently
observed risk factor was self-cleaning of ears with
objects such as q-tips, wooden sticks, metal pickers, etc.
seen in 71% of the study population, followed by the use of
antibiotic ear drops observed in 57% and instillation of mustard
oil in 52% of the study group. The most common presenting
symptom in the study population was reported to
be pruritus of the ear in 73% followed by otalgia in 66.5%,
and sensation of blocked ear observed in 57%. Fungi were
established to be the causative organism in 270 out of the
total 275 samples and the most commonly isolated fungi
were Aspergillus seen in 91% of the total population. The
most common species of Aspergillus that was isolated from
samples was Aspergillus Niger seen in 56%. The second
most commonly isolated fungus was Candida in 13.8% of
the group. Bacteria were isolated from 56.4% of the total
samples as a concomitant organism, Staphylococcus aureus
is the most commonly seen in 58% of the samples. The
present study, apart from highlighting the patient population
and causative agents of otomycosis, also places stringent
focus on the need for education to eradicate the aforementioned
predisposing risk factors to hinder the incidence of
otomycosis
Evaluation of the Hearing Test Pro Application as a Screening Tool for Hearing Loss Assessment
No full textBackground: Disabling hearing loss is considered a significant health problem globally with high incidence in developing countries. In Africa,
different studies have shown that one in five Africans uses smartphones. This dispositive can be used to screen hearing loss. Aim: The study
aims to appraise the effectiveness of Hearing Test Pro, an Android‑based application, as a screening tool for hearing loss. Methods: This is a
prospective study developed in the Federal Teaching Hospital, Ido‑Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, between September and December 2018. The
study was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Consent of adult android users was conveniently obtained for the study. A regular
audiometric test with Amplivox 260 was done after otoscopy (to exclude other ear pathology). The results were compared with the test developed
by an android Hearing Test Pro app. A threshold of >40 decibels was used to determine any evidence of hearing loss at the specific frequency
of 250–8000 Hz. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Three hundred and sixty ears of 180 patients were evaluated, of
which 100 were male and 80 were female. The male‑to‑female ratio was 1.25:1. At lower frequency, a statistical difference between classical
pure‑tone thresholds recorded with the audiometer and the android phone was documented. However, this difference was not noted at higher
frequencies. Conclusion: The Hearing Test Pro app effectively distinguishes between high‑frequency hearing loss and thus can be useful as
part of the hearing loss screening programs
The Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on Health-Related Quality of Life in Paediatric Patients
No full textObjective: To determine the impact of Adenotonsillectomy on Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children’s before and after surgery.
Study Design: Prospective, Observational, before and after the trial. 142 children who underwent Adenotonsillectomy were included in the study. Parents were made to fill pre and post-operative questionnaires which were customized from Tonsil and Adenoid health status instrument (TAHSI) and HR-QoL (Health-related quality of life) forms, one day prior to the surgery and 6 months after the surgery respectively, and the results were tabulated and analyzed.
Setting: Tertiary pediatric otolaryngology practices.
Result: Out of the 142 children in the study, 80 were male and 62 were female. Male to Female ratio is 1.3:1. Age group 1-4 years had the highest number of patients while the age group 9-12 had the least. Preoperatively the Mean score of the domain for Sleep disturbances, Physical Symptoms, Emotional distress, Daytime functions, and Caregiver concern was 14.1, 15.83, 6.89, 7.54, and 13.78 respectively. After 6 months of the surgery, the score decreased to 4.65, 4.22, 4.32, 3.1 and 4.2 respectively. This shows a significant improvement in the symptom complex and the quality of the life.
Conclusion: Adenotonsillectomy definitely leads to an improvement in the HRQoL in children as the majority of parents were extremely satisfied with the surgical outcome. Almost all of the parents reported a decrease in Sleep disturbances, Physical Symptoms, Emotional distress, Daytime functions, and Caregiver concer
Otorhinolaryngology Manifestations of Covid-19 Patients Short Title: ENT Manifestations of Covid-19
No full textObjective:
Our main aim is to review the published literature under the ENT manifestations in COVID19 positive patients having underlying
causes.
Materials and Methods:
We have read about 45 peer-reviewed Elsevier, springer, wild pub, Jama network, British health magazine, Pub Med, Wiley's
online booksellers, Karger journals, Europe PMC, new England newspaper, American Roentgen ology journal, and Nature's
Public Health Emergency Series. We read about 45 peer-reviewed articles. The authors then summarized, collected, and analyzed
the findings of research that met these criteria for inclusion and exclusion.
Results:
According to the possibilities the ENT manifestations included sore throat in 49 patients, cough in 799 patients, rhinitis in 87
patients, fatigue in 415 patients, loss of sense of taste in 80, loss of sense of smell in 171 patients, fever in 959 patients, headache in
189 patients, nausea and vomiting in 64 patients was reported. It also had dyspnea in about 64 patients. non-ENT symptoms that were more common and were more than the ENT manifestation were diarrhea in 9 patients, myalgia in 52 patients, hypertension
in 79 patients, diabetes in 26 patients, heart disease in 20 patients, Urticarial in 15 patients
Conclusion:
ENT manifestations are not always the same as people suffering from COVID-19. They may vary with the underlying conditions
such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as discussed in the article
Auricular Anthropometry in South Western Nigeria Populace: Age and Sex Disparity, a Tool for Identification and Auricular Reconstruction among Nigerian Blacks
No full textINTRODUCTION: There are population variations among people from different regions around the
world in terms of auricle dimensions. This means it is not suitable to use foreign standards of auricle dimensions
as a guideline for Nigerians undergoing plastic pinna reconstruction.
Knowledge about the normal human ear dimensions and morphological features of various populations
can be helpful from the anthropological and forensic point of view to provide data procedures for the inclusion
and exclusion of persons for identification on the basis of ear variations collected from criminals.
METHODOLOGY: This was a cross‑sectional study conducted among the populace of South-West, Nigeria
between. Two hundred subjects (100 males and 100 females) between 10 and 50 years of age were selected
for the study. They are divided into four age range groups in years. Group A (10-20), B (21-30), C (31-40) and
D (41-50). The anthropometric parameters of the external ear were measured by the indirect method and
variation according to age and sex were studied. These are the Total length of the ear (TLE), the Total width
of the ear (TWE), Total lobular length (TLL) and Total lobular width (TLW).
RESULTS: Our study showed the distribution of age and sex into four groups(A-B) with most of the
males falling in B (N=32) while the females in group A (N=36). The age range for the subjects enrolled in the
study was between 10 to 50 years. Group B has the highest number of subjects (N=64), while Group D had
the least number of subjects (N=32) as well as the least number of male subjects (N=12).
CONCLUSION: This study has shown a significant difference between auricular anthropometry in relation
to age and sex of the subjects studied with men having relatively higher mean values than women. (Int J
Biomed Sci 2019; 15 (3): 91-97
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Parotid Salivary Gland—A Case Study
No full textAdenoid Cystic Carcinoma (ACC) is an infrequent slow growing epithelial
tumour constituting for around less than 1% of all the oral and maxillo-facial
malignancies and almost 10% of all the salivary gland tumors. Parotid gland
is the second most common site to be involved in the head and neck region
along with submandibular gland, Palate being the most common site involved
in the oral cavity. Key feature of these tumors include its asymptomatic presentation,
indolent nature, typically showing infiltrative growth and peri-neural
invasion. Herein, we report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma of right parotid
gland of a 33-year-old male who presented with complaint of painless
slow enlargement of left parotid gland and facial muscle weakness. On Examination
firm mass in the region of the left parotid gland as well as left facial
paralysis was seen. Biopsy results and further management is discussed here
within
Duplication of the External Auditory Canal—An Incidental Finding
No full textA 25-year-old who presented in our facility with 2 weeks history
of right-sided mild otalgia associated with fluctuating
hearing loss and ear itching. No otorrhoea, tinnitus, nor vertigo.
Fiber-optic endoscopic otoscopy done revealed an
impacted wax in the right ear and normal otoscopy in the left
ear. She had aural syringing done, and a repeated otoscopy
revealed a dual external auditory canal (EAC; Figure 1). Both
canals ended at the tympanic membrane, which was dull and
retracted. The patient felt a great relief in the symptoms after
the syringing. She was followed up for 3 months without any
untoward complication.
External auditory canal develops from the groove of the first
branchial arch. This groove deepens and meets the tubotympanic
recess of the endoderm and mesoderm contributes from the
sides. The plate of tissue thus formed is called a meatal plug,
this recanalizes and the EAC is formed. This in-utero recanalization
process has a variable outcome and may produce a
variation in the lumen of the EAC. Plus during the course of
development, the EAC descends downward creating further
angulations of the cana
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