1,721,245 research outputs found
Paper as a Sustainable Material for Smart Electrochemical (Bio)sensors with Unprecedented Features: A Perspective
Full text linkThis perspective has the overriding goal of reporting the tipping points in the roadmap of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices by harnessing the multiple paper characteristics such as cost-effectiveness, widespread accessibility, mechanical strength, porosity, and capability to be easily cut, folded, modified, and assembled. The use of paper in electrochemical devices not only provides additional features to the electrochemical devices such as the environmentally friendless, ease multiplexed analysis, and three tridimensional structures by folding and unfolding operations but has broken down barriers for delivering measurement without (i) addition of reagents, (ii) sample treatment for liquid, aerosol, and solid samples, and (iii) any additional pump for microfluidics. I lay out the advantages of using paper for the design of multifarious electrochemical devices, underlying the next steps in the paper-based electrochemical device roadmap
Wireless real-time monitoring of oestradiol in sweat
No full textAn aptamer-based nanobiosensor has been integrated into a wearable sweat sensor, allowing non-invasive tracking of the female reproductive hormone, oestradiol, with the potential to deliver sustainable solutions to female reproductive healthcare needs
Nanomaterials and Cross-Cutting Technologies for Fostering Smart Electrochemical Biosensors in the Detection of Chemical Warfare Agents
Full text linkThe smart, rapid, and customizable detection of chemical warfare agents is a huge issue for taking the proper countermeasures in a timely fashion. The printing techniques have established the main pillar to develop miniaturized electrochemical biosensors for onsite and fast detection of nerve and mustard agents, allowing for a lab on a chip in the chemical warfare agent sector. In the fast growth of novel technologies, the combination of miniaturized electrochemical biosensors with flexible electronics allowed for the delivery of useful wearable sensors capable of fast detection of chemical warfare agents. The wearable microneedle sensor array for minimally invasive continuous electrochemical detection of organophosphorus nerve agents, as well as the wearable paper-based origami functionalized with nanomaterials for mustard agents in the gas phase, represent two examples of the forefront devices developed in the chemical warfare agent detection field. This review will highlight the most promising electrochemical biosensors developed by exploiting nanomaterials and cross-cutting technologies for the fabrication of smart and sensitive electrochemical biosensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents
Recent advances in wearable and implantable electrochemical (bio)sensors for plant health monitoring
Full text linkIn 2023, the World Economic Forum selected wearable plant sensors as one of the Top 10 Emerging Technologies, demonstrating that these smart analytical tools will be relevant in the next generation of agrifood practices. Considering the robustness, accuracy, and miniaturisation of electrochemical (bio)sensing tools, electrochemical-based plant sensors could be suitable devices to address the requirements for their advanced applications in the agrifood sector. This review deals with electrochemical (bio)sensors for monitoring agrochemicals, phytohormones, growth precursors, and stress biomarkers, using wearable and implantable configurations. The design and type of biocomponent and/or nanomaterial(s) used are reported, highlighting the analytical performances obtained on plants. The ongoing application of these analytical tools is discussed, and the future applications combined with Internet of Thing and Artificial Intelligence are envisioned, with the overriding aim to give an overall scenario related to plant electrochemical (bio)sensors for the next technologies in the agrifood sector
Recent advances in electrochemical paper-based analytical devices for drug analyses
Full text linkElectrochemical paper-based analytical devices are sustainable and smart analytical tools that have gathered relevant attention from academic and industrial sectors thanks to their multifaceted properties and versatile applications in diverse fields. This review delves into a critical overview of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices in drug measurements for sustainable quality control in pharmaceutical industries, for assessing the drug residues in wastewater and foodstuffs, and for delivering the next generation of devices for precision medicine, facing the requirements of the pharmaceutical industries, medical sector, and environmental safety. The advantages and the challenges in the development and application of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices for drug analyses in 2019-2025 are highlighted, to give a picture of the ongoing scenario and the future direction in their growth in the pharmaceutical field
Graphene-based screen-printed electrochemical (bio)sensors and their applications: Efforts and criticisms
No full textK.S. Novoselov in his Nobel lecture (December 8, 2010), described graphene as “more than just a flat crystal” and summarized the best possible impression of graphene with (i) it is the first example of 2D atomic crystals, (ii) it demonstrated unique electronic properties, thanks to charge carriers which mimic massless relativistic particles, and (iii) it has promise for a number of applications. The fascinating and unusual properties of this 2D material were indeed recently investigated and exploited in several disciplines including physics, medicine, and chemistry, indicating the extremely versatile and polyedric aspect of this nanomaterial.
The utilization of nanomaterials, printed technology, and microfluidics in electroanalysis has resulted in a period that can be called the “Electroanalysis Renaissance” (Escarpa, 2012) in which graphene is without any doubt a forefront nanomaterial. The rise in affordable fabrication processes, along with the great dispersing attitude in a plenty of matrices, have made graphene powerful in large-scale production of electrochemical platforms. Herein, we overview the employment of graphene to customize and/or fabricate printable based (bio)sensors over the past 5 years, including several modification approaches such as drop casting, screen- and inkjet-printing, different strategies of graphene-based sensing, and applications as well. The objective of this review is to provide a critical perspective related to advantages and disadvantages of using graphene in biosensing tools, based on screen-printed sensors
Paper-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for the Detection of Target Analytes in Liquid, Aerosol, and Solid Samples
Full text linkThe last decade has been incredibly fruitful in proving the multifunctionality of paper for delivering innovative electrochemical (bio)sensors. The paper material exhibits unprecedented versatility to deal with complex liquid matrices and facilitate analytical detection in aerosol and solid phases. Such remarkable capabilities are feasible by exploiting the intrinsic features of paper, including porosity, capillary forces, and its easy modification, which allow for the fine designing of a paper device. In this review, we shed light on the most relevant paper-based electrochemical (bio)sensors published in the literature so far to identify the smart functional roles that paper can play to bridge the gap between academic research and real-world applications in the biomedical, environmental, agrifood, and security fields. Our analysis aims to highlight how paper's multifarious properties can be artfully harnessed for breaking the boundaries of the most classical applications of electrochemical (bio)sensors
Preparation of paper-based devices for reagentless electrochemical (bio)sensor strips
No full textDespite substantial advances in sensing technologies, the development, preparation, and use of self-testing devices is still confined to specialist laboratories and users. Decentralized analytical devices will enormously impact daily lives, enabling people to analyze diverse clinical, environmental, and food samples, evaluate them and make predictions to improve quality of life, particularly in remote, resource-scarce areas. In recent years, paper-based analytical tools have attracted a great deal of attention; the well-known properties of paper, such as abundance, affordability, lightness, and biodegradability, combined with features of printed electrochemical sensors, have enabled the development of sustainable devices that drive (bio)sensors beyond the state of the art. Their blindness toward colored/turbid matrices (i.e., blood, soil), their portability, and the capacity of paper to autonomously filter/purge/react with target species make such devices powerful in establishing point-of-need tools for use by non-specialists. This protocol describes the preparation of a voltammetric phosphate sensor and an amperometric nerve agent biosensor; both platforms produce quantitative measurements with currents in the range of microamperes. These printed strips comprise three electrodes (graphite for working and counter electrodes and silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) for the reference electrode) and nanomodifiers (carbon black and Prussian blue) to improve their performance and specificity. Depending on analytical need, different types of paper (filter, office) and configurations (1D, 2D, 3D) can be adopted. The protocol, based on the use of cost-effective manufacturing techniques such as drop casting (to chemically modify the substrate surface) and wax/screen printing (for creating the channels and electrodes), can be completed in <1 h
Effects of Humidity, Temperature and Bismuth Electrodeposition on Electroanalytical Performances of Nafion-coated Printed Electrodes for Cd2+ and Pb2+ Detection
No full textThe synergistic use of Nafion polymeric membrane and in situ electrodeposited bismuth film is a worthwhile strategy to develop electrochemical sensors for the detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. However, Nafion thin films morphological and conductivity properties have a strong dependence on the environmental conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature, while the bismuth in situ electroplating can affect the repeatability of measurements. With the aim to overcome these drawbacks, the effects of the storage environmental conditions were investigated to improve the morphological stability and electroanalytical performances of Nafion film-based sensor for the detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. Nafion-coated graphite-based screen-printed electrodes were stored at different humidity and temperature conditions and characterised by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences were observed at the varying of humidity conditions, with an enhancement of sensor electrochemical performances at lower humidity. Furthermore, different approaches for bismuth in situ electrodeposition on Nafion-coated screen-printed electrodes were compared by using overlap or removal approach. This study disclosed considerable differences in the electrochemical performances and morphology of the resulting bismuth-sensor, obtaining an enhancement of the working stability for the removal approach
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