1,721,023 research outputs found
Thorstein Veblen di fronte alla Grande Guerra
No full textVeblen fu un sociologo statunitense particolarmente prolifico nel pe-riodo della Grande Guerra. Vi è subito da sottolineare che, anche con rife-rimento specifico alle sue riflessioni articolate in questo periodo storico, va applicandosi la massima affermata da uno dei suoi maggiori conoscitori, e cioè che «per capire il pensiero di Thorstein Veblen (...) occorre in primo luogo capire l’uomo» [Ferrarotti 1974: 135]. La caratteristica particolar-mente enigmatica del pensiero di Thorstein Veblen, spesso impregnato di iperboli o di concetti che si affermano e si dipanano piano piano tra le ri-ghe dei suoi scritti, unitamente ad una fama che lo circonda e lo precede, in base a cui è stato definito come provocatore e polemista, rende questo autore di sicuro interesse nelle vicende relative alla Grande Guerra.
Occorre anzitutto precisare la sua radicale opposizione alla guerra: pur riconoscendo che molte persone cosiddette sagge della sua epoca afferma-vano l’inalienabile appartenenza della guerra all’ordine delle cose, della natura, ironizzando come i contenziosi bellici, con tanto di carneficine, fossero indispensabili per il progresso umano, o forse più per la crescita della sua virilità, egli cionondimeno ne sottolineava le ben note atrocità e futilità [cfr. Veblen 1917a: 1-2]. Preme altresì evidenziare fin dal principio che, come si intende mostrare nel prosieguo del capitolo, il suo pensiero in questo preciso ambito fu dominato prevalentemente da due direttrici fon-damentali, che di fatto ne costituiscono la sua ossatura, il filo rosso che lega i suoi numerosi interventi: un’aperta ostilità nei confronti della Ger-mania, ed in generale degli stati dinastici e di marcata propensione impe-rialistica, e l’“osservazione” prettamente economica legata alle vicende della Guerra, con un tutt’altro che celato disprezzo per l’economia capita-listica e gli interessi consolidati sottostanti, tra cui, in primis, la cosiddetta proprietà assenteista. A ciò, e corollario di quest’ultimo “filone”, si ag-giunge il notevole interesse per il nascente bolscevism
Information and communication technologies and patient empowerment: a complex skein
Full text linkThis article aims to explore the relationship between patient empowerment and information and communication technologies (ICTs). Indeed, ICTs are considered important for increasing access to medical information and for patients’ other experiences, thereby nourishing the empowering rhetoric.
The paper presents a research study conducted in Italy that focuses on the self-assessments made by online health communities (OHCs) users, subdivided in three categories, according to their level of online activity: Lurkers, occasionally active users and frequently active users. The concept of
empowerment was operationalised in five issues: autonomy from doctors, involvement in medical decision-making, competence, self-management and acceptance. The results support the relationship between perceptions of empowerment and the higher level of activity played on OHCs, contributing
instead to reject the idea of a generalised benefit. Moreover, the paper aims to enrich the theory of patient empowerment by adding a socio-material perspective. This helps broaden the understanding of the relationship between empowerment and ICTs by highlighting its underlying complex skein
Tecnopazienti: il diabete tra autogestione e digitalizzazione
No full textIl volume esamina il dinamico rapporto tra persone e tecnologie in ambito di
salute, esponendo i principali risultati di una ricerca svolta in Italia tra il 2018
e il 2020. In particolare ci si riferisce a una patologia specifica, il diabete
di tipo 1, e a due tipi di tecnologie il cui tratto comune è quello di essere
direttamente accessibili e adoperabili dai pazienti: comunità di salute online
e dispositivi terapeutici (di cui attualmente risultano rilevanti i sensori e i microinfusori).
Il percorso proposto intende illustrare tre aspetti fondamentali,
ciascuno trattato in un apposito capitolo. Il primo è dedicato alle comunità
online, oggi largamente diffuse e capaci di svolgere importanti funzioni (in)
formative, di supporto sociale e di advocacy, tramite cui influire su due temi
rilevanti come la relazione con i dispositivi e quella con il diabetologo. Il secondo
capitolo si concentra sui meccanismi di adozione e rifiuto dei dispositivi
terapeutici avvalendosi di una prospettiva socio-tecnica, che evidenzia l’importanza
di focalizzarsi sugli assemblaggi persona-dispositivo e sul concetto
di corporeità. Infine, il terzo capitolo analizza il rapporto medico-paziente in
cui concorrono elevati livelli di autogestione e tecnologizzazione, suggerendo
una lente relazionale finalizzata a cogliere quegli equilibri dinamici, interdipendenti
e bilanciati in esso esistenti. In conclusione, si suggerisce uno
scenario futuro, elaborato grazie al contributo di alcuni esperti coinvolti nella
ricerca, con cui si intende proporre una piattaforma da cui partire per ulteriori
riflessioni e ricerche
Selective adoption of therapeutic devices among people with type 1 diabetes
No full textThis paper contributes to the debate regarding the adoption/rejection of technologies by focusing on the selective use of therapeutic devices among people with type 1 diabetes. I show that patients often refuse to use a device (either insulin pumps or sensors for glycaemic control), despite suggestions from diabetologists. The study was conducted in Italy in 2019. Theoretically, the paper relied on a perspective that amalgamates actor-network theory and postphenomenology around the key concept of multistability. I then detected the three main features of stabilities that explain device use/non-use: relation to embodied users, contextual embedment (within larger social assemblages), concrete tailoring. Findings helped to stress the relevance of not only focusing on the type of device and its technical functioning, but also unveiling the underlying ongoing and situated socio-technical processes. Selective adoption of devices should be investigated at the level of the whole patient-device assemblage in order to assess the diverse stabilities that may arise from such networks
LE «DIMISSIONI PROTETTE» PER PERSONE SENZA DIMORA A BOLOGNA. UN CASE STUDY SULL’INTEGRAZIONE SOCIO-SANITARIA PER LA POVERTÀ ESTREMA
No full textIn a clinical and societal background increasingly permeated with the importance of health
and social care integration, the essay aims at studying its relevance in relation to two underrepresented
issues: poverty and target size. As a matter of fact, usually integration is related to chronicity
and elderly, while poverty is less analyzed in current literature, while, among the barriers,
target size has not yet been considered like other key factors.
The essay presents a case study carried out through 25 interviews to key-actors. The project
analyzed, briefly named «assisted discharge», implemented in Bologna, is the result of a coordinated
program among the local Municipality and the Social and Health Care District of the city
and can be defined a best practice in the field of welfare policies. It is addressed to homeless when
discharged by local hospitals, in order to guaranteeing them with a seamless cure in a safer place.
As outcome, the research does not allow to acquire a clear result about size relevance, while
contributing to stress the importance of shared purposes among operators and institutional levels
and the relevance of the third sector
A relational paradigm for the patient-doctor figuration, between engagement and shared doctoring
No full textThis paper aims to analyse the patient-doctor relationship as a form of citizen participation at a micro-level. The work presents the main findings of a study conducted in Italy in the field of type 1 diabetes in 2018, which recruited 47 patients and 20 doctors. Findings show that the patient-doctor relationship is properly explained with a relational perspective, as interdepend-ent figurations of transactors characterised by dynamic processes of power balances. This ap-proach helps to explain patients’ participation by proposing the use of the relational concept of shared doctoring to buttress that of engagement. Indeed, the latter, despite its popularity, still seems to be erratic and blurred. In the end, the concept of engagement underpinned by shared doctoring could be useful for analysing patients’ participation in the healthcare system at a micro-level by inverting healthcare’s underlying foundations towards a logic of care, in place of the current leading logic of choice
“In such a dark period, the only light”: patients’ motivations and strategies to seek care from an online health community during the COVID-19 pandemic
Full text linkThis paper presents the findings of a qualitative study conducted in Italy about a peculiar online health community named #TERAPIADOMICILIARECOVID19 (#TDC19), which, since April 2020, has assisted people with COVID-19 with early-at-home therapy delivered by volunteer doctors, free of charge for patients. The aim of the paper was to analyse patients’ motivations and strategies when negotiating risk in the context of this choice. Findings showed that patients’ choices were the outcome of a process that forms an entangled ecology of care involving several dimensions, crossing micro, meso and macro levels: a) the process of knowledge-building by assessing mass-media, ascertaining the best protocol and recalling previous experiences with similar diseases; b) the experience of feeling abandoned by general practitioners (GPs) and healthcare institutions; c) the positive encounter with #TDC19’s posts of gratitude written by people who were cured by #TDC19 doctors. In the end, patients’ choice was not a leap of faith; they negotiated and balanced out the perceived risks associated with COVID-19 and with the possible available choices (GPs, do-it-yourself, #TDC19-doctors) based on a strategy that chiefly encompassed a blend of rational and in-between logics
La rivoluzione digitale in sanità: verso lo sviluppo della medicalizzazione o dell'autocura?
No full textThis essay offers a theoeretical debate about the change in the healthcare systems, due to the technologic massive invasione that has been increasing since the last decade, and that places such a Paramount welfare's pillar into a wider social phenomenon which is described as web society. The abovementioned technological development could push citizens towards two diametrically opposite patterns: either an increment of medicalization, or a development of self-care. Currently, it seems that the discriminant point would not be the technological tool itslef, but an undergoing understanding related to health commodification, both theoretically speaking and concretely implemented by several stakeholeders of the healthcare universe. However further research for better comprehension of the matter will be necessary
Prospettive di empowerment per la salute: alcune proposte teoriche
No full textSince empowerment entered the healthcare world, no sufficiently shared conceptualization
has been produced yet. This essay aims at building a theoretical bridge amongst the contributions
proposed so far by numerous scholars, leaning on a vast international literature. In
delivering a definition, that encompasses several aspects, not always considered jointly by
other researchers, it stresses, in particular, one aspect which until now has found few room
in the debate, namely the fluidity and fluctuatingness connected to the phenomenon. In the
second part, the essay proposes a typology of possible outcomes, by crossing two dimensions
concerning the individuals and the governmental social action, asserting that only
when individual pro-activity matches with a present social policy, we can find empowerment
really on, while in others possible menaces to equity and social justice might arise
Introduzione
No full textL’introduzione al volume ha lo scopo di delineare la figura di Achille Ardigò come studioso ed anticipatore di importanti temi di studio della sociologia. Inoltre, il contributo si propone di guidare il lettore nel percorso di lettura dei saggi che compongono il volume
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