1,721,003 research outputs found
Protection effect of Tuber borchii Vitt. mycorrhiza on heavy metals toxicity in Cistus creticus L.
No full textNutraceutical Properties of Mulberries Grown in Sourthen Italy (Apulia)
No full textIn this work, for the first time, were analyzed mulberry genotypes grown in Apulia (Southern Italy, Salento region) were analyzed. Two local varieties of Morus alba (cv. Legittimo nero and cv. Nello) and one of Morus nigra were characterized for content in simple sugars, organic acids, phenols, anthocyanins; fruit antioxidant activity (AA) was also evaluated by three different methods (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH; 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS; and Ferric reducing antioxidant potential, FRAP test). The results showed that the sugars amount ranged between 6.29 and 7.66 g/100 g fresh weight (FW) while the malic and citric acids content was low, at about 0.1–1 g/100 g FW. Mulberries are a good source of phenols which are present in higher values in M. nigra and M. alba cv. Legittimo nero (485 and 424 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/ 100 g FW, respectively). The high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometry (HPLC/DAD/MS) analysis identified 5 main anthocyanin compounds present in different concentrations in each variety of mulberry: cyanidin 3-sophoroside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-rutinoside. The highest concentration of anthocyanins was determined in Morus alba Legittimo (about 300 mg/100 g FW) while the lowest content (about 25 mg/100 g FW) was measured in M. alba cv. Nello. Morus nigra showed a good AA in comparison with the different M. alba genotypes with all the used methods; its AA was equal to 33, 26 and 21 μmols Trolox/g FW when using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests, respectively. All genotypes showed an anti-inflammatory activity (measured by cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory assay) which was also compared with two commercial anti-inflammatory drugs. The data obtained support the high biological qualities of mulberry fruits and their diffusion in human nutrition
Expression of the H+-ATPase AHA10 proton pump is associated with citric acid accumulation in lemon juice sac cells.
No full textThe sour taste of lemons (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.) is determined by the amount of citric acid in vacuoles of juice sac cells. Faris is a “sweet”
lemon variety since it accumulates low levels of citric acid. The University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection includes a Faris tree that produces sweet (Faris non-acid; FNA) and sour fruit (Faris acid; FA) on different branches; it is apparently a graft chimera with layer L1 derived from Millsweet limetta and layer L2 from a standard lemon. The transcription profiles of Faris sweet lemon were compared with Faris acid lemon and Frost Lisbon (L), which is a standard sour lemon genetically indistinguishable from Faris in prior work with SSR markers.
Analysis of microarray data revealed that the transcriptomes of the two sour lemon genotypes were nearly identical. In contrast, the transcriptome of Faris sweet lemon was very different from those of both sour lemons.
Among about 1,000 FNAspecific, presumably pH-related genes, the homolog of Arabidopsis H+-ATPase proton pump AHA10 was not expressed in FNA, but highly expressed in FA and L. Since Arabidopsis AHA10 is involved in biosynthesis and acidification of vacuoles, the lack of expression of the AHA10 citrus homolog represents a very conspicuous molecular feature of the FNA sweet phenotype. In addition, high expression of several 2-oxoglutarate degradationrelated genes in FNA suggests activation of the GABA shunt and degradation of valine and tyrosine as components of the mechanism that reduces the level of citric acid in sweet lemon
High and low acid lemons: origin and transcriptome comparisons.
No full textCitrus fruits are characterized by the accumulation of high levels of citric acid, which account for 90% of the total organic acids. Citric acid is an important determinant of fruit taste because it affects the sourness of the fruit as well as the perceived sweetness, by masking the taste of sugars. To study the role of gene expression in citric acid accumulation we compared the transcriptomes of juice sac cells in acid and acidless lemon genotypes using an Affymetrix microarray. Three genotypes were used for the transcriptome analysis: ‘Frost Lisbon’ (L), a standard sour lemon, and two ‘Faris’ genotypes obtained from a chimera that produces on the same tree both sweet (‘Faris’ non-acid, FNA) and sour fruit (‘Faris’ acid, FA). After the transcriptome comparison was completed, we discovered that ‘Faris’ is a graft chimera. Here we present SSR marker data showing that layer 1 of ‘Faris’ is derived from ‘Millsweet’ lime or a very similar cultivar, whereas layer 2 is derived from an acid lemon similar to ‘Eureka’ or ‘Lisbon’. Transcriptome comparisons among the three genotypes during two ripening stages showed high similarity between the two acid fruits and considerable divergence of FNA. Among the more interesting differences are genes involved in the GABA shunt pathway and a plasma-membrane type H+-ATPase
Arthrinium phaeospermum isolated from Tuber borchii ascomata: the first evidence for a “Mycorrhization Helper Fungus”?
No full textA filamentous fungus was isolated from Tuber borchii Vitt. fruiting bodies, and it was identified as an Arthrinium phaeospermum (Corda) M.B. Ellis strain, an “endophyte” that forms various associations with healthy leaves, stems, and roots of plants. Molecular analysis confirmed the association of this filamentous fungus with the ascocarps of all collection sites in Salento, Apulia (South Italy). An in vitro symbiosis system between Cistus creticus L. and T. borchii was set up; A. phaeospermum appears to be able to promote mycorrhiza formation in Cistus seedlings, inducing primary root shortening and an increase of secondary roots, similar to the effect of Mycorrhization Helper Bacteria (MHB). Compartmented and uncompartmented bioassays were carried out to investigate the effects of exudates/volatiles released by the truffle-hosted fungus on root architecture; the results showed root shortening in compartmented bioassay suggesting that volatiles released by the fungus alone are sufficient to alter root morphology in early phase of interaction before the
mycorrhiza formation. The first evidence for an influence of a truffle-hosted fungus on ectomycorrhizal symbiosis establishment is reporte
Effects of boron excess on gene expression of BOR and NIP gene families of grafted and self grafted tomato plants
No full textEvaluation of germinative power and volatile compounds in specimens of Crithmum maritimum L. taken from different sites in Salento.
No full textIn the framework of the project 'Biodiversity of Apulian Non-Fruiting Horticultural Species - BiodiverSO Veg' (CUP: B97H22003760009), characterisation actions and cultivation protocols were started for some of the edible species considered interesting both from a gastronomic and nutraceutical point of view. This is the case of Sea Fennel (Crithmum maritimum L.), a plant adapted to thermal, water and salt stresses that follow one another even in short intervals of time, and therefore suitable for the restoration of marginal soils or those no longer suitable for conventional agronomic cultivation. In order to identify the most suitable ecotypes for cultivation, germplasm (seed) collection campaigns were carried out in various Salento locations: San Cataldo, Otranto, Tricase, Santa Maria di Leuca, Gallipoli and Torre Lapillo. For each sample, the morphological characterisation of the seeds (colour, size and weight) and the evaluation of their germinative power were carried out. In addition, to better characterise the intraspecific diversity of C. maritimum salentino, the volatile compounds (VOC) of the various accessions were also analysed. The data collected indicate that the species has excellent germinability and that VOCs characterise the product in both nutraceutical and gastronomic terms
Betalaine e attività antiossidante in Opuntia tuna e confronti con Opuntia ficus-indica.
No full textEffects of ripening stages on anthocyanins and antioxidant activity in Olea europea cv Celina di Nardò.
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