1,721,025 research outputs found
Fibrotic Scar in Neurodegenerative Diseases
No full textThe process of uncontrolled internal scarring, called fibrosis, is now emerging as a pathological feature shared by both peripheral and central nervous system diseases. In the CNS, damaged neurons are not replaced by tissue regeneration, and scar-forming cells such as endothelial cells, inflammatory immune cells, stromal fibroblasts, and astrocytes can persist chronically in brain and spinal cord lesions. Although this process was extensively described in acute CNS damages, novel evidence indicates the involvement of a fibrotic reaction in chronic CNS injuries as those occurring during neurodegenerative diseases, where inflammation and fibrosis fuel degeneration. In this mini review, we discuss recent advances around the role of fibrotic scar formation and function in different neurodegenerative conditions, particularly focusing on the rising role of scarring in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease and highlighting the therapeutic relevance of targeting fibrotic scarring to slow and reverse neurodegeneration
Histamine beyond its effects on allergy: Potential therapeutic benefits for the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
No full textALS currently remains a challenge despite many efforts in performing successful clinical trials and formulating therapeutic solutions. By learning from current failures and striving for success, scientists and clinicians are checking every possibility to search for missing hints and efficacious treatments. Because the disease is very complex and heterogeneous and, moreover, targeting not only motor neurons but also several different cell types including muscle, glial, and immune cells, the right answer to ALS is conceivably a multidrug strategy or the use of broad-spectrum molecules. The aim of the present work is to gather evidence about novel perspectives on ALS pathogenesis and to present recent and innovative paradigms for therapy. In particular, we describe how an old molecule possessing immunomodulatory and neuroprotective functions beyond its recognized effects on allergy, histamine, might have a renewed and far-reaching momentum in ALS. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc
Discrete Production Control through SCADA Technology: An application case in automotive industry
No full textThe development of the hardware technologies has made cheaper microprocessors and, in general, electronic components. At the same time, a continuous improvement of the performances of these components, has made possible a rapid development of their applications to production’s problems and an increase of their functionalities.As disadvantage the complexity of these components is increased because the software dedicated to their management, supervision and control has to be expanded so a lot of problems are rise up both for the maintenance that for the expandability of the systems.This is the main reason because actually automation technologies are oriented versus distributed systems characterised by autonomous systems able to communicate each other (through, i.e., using SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition –technologies) resolving the problem of the complexity.In such context we have implemented a SCADA (based on RSView 32) able to collect – real time – the information coming from each part of a given production line and, subsequently, to process them in order to follow the system’s evolution; at the same time we have defined a lot of synoptical tables to make easier the evaluation of the main production parameters. Using these tables we are able, in the end, to single out an optimal balancing solution.The developed system is currently employed, successfully, in a well known factory of engines allowing us to identify a solution able to rationalise the monitoring phase of the whole process and, at the same time, to maximise the efficiency of the management of the technical and the human resources.Especially our system is able, given an overbooking situation of the production cycle analysed, to identify on time the machine that have caused such situation and, consequently, to adapt the productive rhythms of the machines upstream and downstream of it
Analisi del Rischio Incendio all’interno di una Galleria Stradale per l’Individuazione dell’Influenza delle Caratteristiche Geometriche sull’Efficienza di un Impianto di Spegnimento Automatico
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Membrane compartments and purinergic signalling: P2X receptors in neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory events
No full textFunctional microglia neurotransmitters in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textToday neuroscience is dominated by the perspective that microglia are essential elements in any integrated view of the nervous system. A number of different neuroinflammatory conditions affect the CNS where microglia involvement, and particularly microgliosis, is not only a prominent feature, but also a pathogenic key mechanism of disease. On the other side, microglia can also constitute an important trigger of neuronal protection during neurodegenerative disorders. For instance in ALS and other motor neuron diseases, available evidence suggests the coexistence of quite different roles for microglia, characterized by neuroprotective functions at early stages, and neurotoxic actions during disease progression. The scope of this review is a brief discussion about microglia being activated and functioning during ALS, and particularly about neurotransmitters participating to the pathological signature of ALS microglia. We will discuss that ALS microglia can express a variety of classical neurotransmitter receptors comprising those for extracellular ATP, glutamate and histamine. We will review data indicating that the modulation of these transmitter receptors may induce beneficial effects in ALS models, so that the protective properties of microglia can be emphasized at the expenses of their toxicity
Proposal of a Model for Chemical Risk Preliminary Assessment
No full textThe chemical risk assessment in an increasingly felt problem in the industrial environment due to the particular nature of the risk. The need to measure concentration of chemical substances, moreover, may cause additional costs for assessment. So, the main problem that arises is to avoid sampling and measuring campaigns when it’s possible. This objective can be achieved using a more reliable assessment model, like the one proposed in this paper. The aim of this
paper is to describe the model, which is based on the assumption that the concentration of chemical agents has a log-normal distribution, and to discuss its increased reliability features
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