66,634 research outputs found
Education in post-Reformation Scotland : Andrew Melville and the University of St Andrews, 1560-1606
No full textAndrew Melville (1545-1622) was the leader of the Presbyterian wing of the Scottish
Kirk between 1574 and 1607, and he and his colleagues were a perpetual irritant to
James VI and I in his attempts to establish a royal and Episcopal dominance over the
Kirk. Yet much of Melville’s reputation has been based on the seventeenth-century
Presbyterian historical narratives written by the likes of James Melville (Andrew’s
nephew) and David Calderwood. These partisan accounts formed the basis of modern
historiography in Thomas M’Crie’s monumentally influential Life of Andrew Melville.
Modern historians broadly agree that Melville’s portrayal as a powerful and decisive
church leader in these narratives is greatly exaggerated, and that he was at best an
influential voice in the Kirk who was quickly marginalised by the adult James VI.
However, only James Kirk has commented at any length on Melville’s other role in
Jacobean Scotland—that of developing and reforming the Scottish universities.
Melville revitalised the near-defunct Glasgow University between 1574 and 1580, and
from 1580 to 1607 was principal of St Mary’s College, St Andrews, Scotland’s only
divinity college. He was also rector of the University of St Andrews between 1590
and 1597. This thesis provides a detailed account of Melville’s personal role in the
reform and expansion of the Scottish universities. This includes an analysis of his
direct work at Glasgow, but focuses primarily on St Andrews, using the untapped
archival sources held there and at the Scottish National Library and Archives to create
a detailed picture of the development of the University after the Reformation. This
thesis also evaluates the intellectual content of Melville’s reform programme, both as
it developed during his time in Paris, Poitiers and Geneva, and as we see it in action in
St Andrews
St Andrews University Library in the eighteenth century : Scottish education and print-culture
No full textThe context of this thesis is the growth in size and significance of the St Andrews University Library, made possible by the University's entitlement, under the Copyright Acts between 1709 and 1836, to free copies of new publications. Chapter I shows how the University used its improving Library to present to clients and visitors an image of the University's social and intellectual ideology. Both medium and message in this case told of a migration into the printed book of the University's functions, intellectual, spiritual, and moral, a migration which was going forward likewise in the other Scottish universities and in Scottish culture at large. Chapters II and III chart that migration respectively in religious discourse and in moral education. This growing importance of the book prompted some Scottish professors to devise agencies other than consumer demand to control what was read in their universities and beyond, and indeed what was printed. Chapter IV reviews those devices, one of which was the subject Rhetoric, now being reformed to bring modern literature into its discipline. Chapter V argues that the new Rhetoric tended in fact to confirm the hegemony of print by turning literary study from a general literary apprenticeship into the specialist reading of canonical printed texts. That tendency was not without opposition. Chapter VI analyses the challenge from traditional oral culture as it was expressed in the marginalia added to the Library books at St Andrews University by its students, and argues that this dissident culture helped to form the voice of the poet Robert Fergusson while he was one of those students. Chapter VII goes on to show how Fergusson used that voice to warn his countrymen of the threat which print represented to their culture, and to show how it might be resisted in the interests of both literature and conviviality
Rapid detection of bacteraemia and antimicrobial susceptibility using a scattered light integrated collection (SLIC) device
No full textAbstract redacted"This work was co-funded by the University of St Andrews and the PanACEA
consortium [grant number 115337]." -- Fundin
Treasures of the University : an examination of the identification, presentation and responses to artefacts of significance at the University of St Andrews, from 1410 to the mid-19th century; with an additional consideration of the development of the portrait collection to the early 21st century
No full textSince its foundation between 1410 and 1414 the University of St Andrews has acquired what can be considered to be ‘artefacts of significance’. This somewhat nebulous phrase is used to denote items that have, for a variety of reasons, been deemed to have some special import by the University, and have been displayed or otherwise presented in a context in which this status has been made apparent.
The types of artefacts in which particular meaning has been vested during the centuries under consideration include items of silver and gold (including the maces, sacramental vessels of the Collegiate Church of St Salvator, collegiate plate and relics of the Silver Arrow archery competition); church and college furnishings; artworks (particularly portraits); sculpture; and ethnographic specimens and other items described in University records as ‘curiosities’ held in the University Library from c. 1700-1838.
The identification of particular artefacts as significant for certain reasons in certain periods, and their presentation and display, may to some extent reflect the University's values, preoccupations and aspirations in these periods, and, to some degree, its identity. Consciously or subconsciously, the objects can be employed or operate as signifiers of meaning, representing or reflecting matters such as the status, authority and history of the University, its breadth of learning and its interest and influence in spheres from science, art and world cultures to national affairs.
This thesis provides a comprehensive examination of the growth and development of the University's holdings of 'artefacts of significance' from its foundation to the mid-19th century, and in some cases (especially portraits) beyond this date. It also offers insights into how the University viewed and presented these items and what this reveals about the University of St Andrews, its identity, which changed and developed as the living institution evolved, and the impressions that it wished to project
The inferior vena caval compression theory of hypotension in obstetric spinal anaesthesia: studies in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy, a literature review and revision of fundamental concepts
No full textFull metadata records and copyright statements for publications contained in this portfolio thesis are available at the identifiers listedThree clinical investigations together with a combined editorial and review of the cardiovascular physiology
of spinal anaesthesia in normal and preeclamptic pregnancy form the basis of a thesis to be submitted for the
degree of Doctor of Medicine at the University of St Andrews. First, the longstanding consensus that spinal
anaesthesia could cause severe hypotension in severe preeclampsia was examined using three approaches.
The doses of ephedrine required to maintain systolic blood pressure above predetermined limits were first
compared in spinal versus epidural anaesthesia. The doses of ephedrine required were then similarly studied
during spinal anaesthesia in preeclamptic versus normal control subjects. The principal outcome of these
studies, that preeclamptic patients were resistant to hypotension after a spinal anaesthetic, was then further
investigated by studying pulse transit time (PTT) changes in normal versus preeclamptic pregnancy. PTT
was explored both as beat-to-beat monitor of cardiovascular function and also as an indicator of changes in
arterial stiffness. The cardiovascular physiology of obstetric spinal anaesthesia was then reviewed in the light
of the three clinical investigations, developments in reproductive vascular biology and the regulation of
venous capacitance. It is argued that the theory of a role for vena caval compression as the single cause of
spinal anaesthetic induced hypotension in obstetrics should be revised
A first survey of the global population size and distribution of the Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica
No full text"The survey was part-financed by Scottish Natural Heritage"A survey of Scottish Crossbills Loxia scotica was carried out in 3,506 km2 of conifer woodland in northern Scotland during January to April 2008 to provide the first estimate of the global population size for this endemic bird. Population estimates were also made for Common Crossbills L. curvirostra and Parrot Crossbills L. pytyopsittacus within this range. Crossbills were lured to systematically selected survey points for counting, sexing and recording their calls for later call-type (species) identification from sonograms. Crossbills were located at 451 of the 852 survey points, and adequate tape-recordings made at 387 of these. The Scottish Crossbill had a disjunct distribution, occurring largely within the eastern part of the study area, but also in the northwest. Common Crossbills had a mainly westerly distribution. The population size of postjuvenile Scottish Crossbills was estimated as 13,600 (95%C.I. 8,130–22,700), which will approximate to 6,800 (4,065–11,350) pairs. Common Crossbills were more abundant within this range (27,100, 95% C.I. 14,700–38,400) and Parrot Crossbills rare (about 100). The sex ratio was not significantly different from parity for Scottish Crossbills. The modal number at survey points was two but numbers were larger in January than later in the survey. The numbers and distribution of all crossbill species are likely to vary between years, depending upon the size of the cone crops of the different conifers: all were coning in 2008. Common Crossbill and Parrot Crossbill numbers will also be affected by irruptions from continental Europe. A monitoring scheme is required to detect any population trend, and further work on their habitat requirement (e.g. conifer selection at different seasons) is needed to inform habitat management of native and planted conifer forests to ensure a secure future for this endemic bird.Peer reviewe
Heritage Society (Houston)
No full textTranscript of Letter from R. H. Buxley to Fred A. Rice discussing Fred's resignation as Quarter Master of the Labor Bureau of the Confederacy. He asks if he could get Fred's endorsement to succeed him in that position, and for that endorsement to be specifically given to Col. Andrews
Letter from R. H. Andrews, Brooks, Santa Ana, California, to A. H. Woodward, Woodward, Alabama, January 24, 1944
No full textThis item is from the Woodward Family Papers, an extensive collection, including business and personal correspondence, financial records, photographs, and other materials of this Birmingham, Alabama family which operated the Woodward Iron Company
Promoting the past, preserving the future : British university heritage collections and identity marketing
No full textCollections of tangible heritage and material culture found in university museums present both challenges and opportunities for their parent institutions. The identification and recognition of objects and collections of material ‘heritage’ proves difficult to universities, due to the formation and utilisation of their collections. Although each university possesses a history of varied content, length and significance, the rich heritage collections kept by universities remain undefined and largely unknown. This thesis addresses new and changing roles for university museums and collections, focusing on the issues surrounding heritage. What purpose does an institutional collection of academic heritage serve beyond preserving or representing the history of a university? Using data collected during the field research programme and two case studies (University of St Andrews and University of Liverpool) the thesis explores the definition and role of heritage in the university. Through the exploration of these topics, the thesis provides a new model for university collecting institutions based on the concept of ‘university heritage’ and ‘institutional identity’, encompassing collections ranging from subject-specific departmental teaching collections to commemorative collections of fine art. By utilising these once undefined and underappreciated collections, universities can use the heritage objects and material culture representative of their academic history and traditions as institutional promotion to potential students, staff and funding bodies
Investigating the neuroprotective effects of leptin and leptin fragment on mitochondrial morphology, function and survival signalling in neurodegenerative models
No full textMitochondrial dysfunction has a recognized role in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration,
including ischemic stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Compelling evidence shows that leptin
prevents neuronal apoptosis and enhances cognition in AD models, and a bioactive fragment,
leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀, mirrors the neuroprotective actions of leptin. However, their effects with relation to
mitochondrial function in neurodegeneration and the receptor binding of leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀ remain
largely unknown.
Based on a combined glucose-serum deprivation (CGSD) model of ischaemic stroke in human
SH-SY5Y cells and an Aβ₄₂-treatment model of AD in mouse hippocampal HT-22 cells, it is
shown within the thesis that leptin alleviates excessive mitochondrial fragmentation by inhibiting
fission protein Fis1 and increasing fusion protein Mfn2. Leptin improves mitochondrial function
through enhancing mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibiting monoamine oxidase (MAO)
that is involved in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, it is found that
17β-HSD10 is a molecular target of leptin in mitochondria by showing that leptin inhibits both
the expression and activity of 17β-HSD10. Leptin and the inhibition of 17β-HSD10 rebalance
energy metabolism through improving neuronal glucose uptake. Notably, leptin-mediated
inhibition of 17β-HSD10 is associated with better episodic memory. Both leptin and leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀
decrease ROS generation and promote neuron survival in oxidative stress-induced wildtype
neurons, whereas only leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀ retains its neuroprotective effects in leptin receptor (ObR)
knockdown neurons, suggesting that actions of leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀ are in a ObR-independent manner.
In conclusion, leptin’s established neuroprotective actions may, at least in part, be facilitated
through regulating mitochondrial function and morphology. Inhibited mitochondrial 17β-HSD10
contributes to leptin’s procognitive role. The receptor binding of leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀ is not restricted to
the ObR activation, suggesting the potential application of leptin₁₁₆₋₁₃₀ in leptin resistant
individuals. These findings provide more robust evidence to support that leptin system is a
potential therapeutic target in AD."This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC)-St Andrews scholarship.
" -- Fundin
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