8,898 research outputs found
Quantitative dietary lysine requirement of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fingerlings
No full textTriplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fingerlings, about 4.7+or-0.2 g, were fed to appetite on diets containing 1.24, 1.76, 1.90, 2.19, 2.45, 2.68 and 2.94% lysine and gross energy 24.1 MJ/kg of diet (DM basis, DMB) for 70 days. The salmon were reared in water salinity 10 ppt at 15 degrees +or-0.9 degrees C with 12-h photoperiod. The dietary requirement for lysine, estimated by broken-line regression of growth against dietary lysine (DBM), was 1.99+or-0.11%, or 3.98% of the protein when protein was 50.0% of the diet. A dietary lysine requirement of 1.84+or-0.16 to (DMB) was estimated from broken-line regression of expired 14CO2 (following an intraperitoneal injection of L[U-14C]lysine) against dietary lysine concentration. Except for loss of appetite, resulting in low feed intake and decreased growth, no nutritional deficiency signs were seen in fish fed on a lysine-deficient diet for 140 days..RE: 33 ref.; RN: 56-87-1; SC: CA; BE; ZA; 0NSource type: Electronic(1) http://upei-resolver.asin-risa.ca?sid=SP:CABI&id=pmid:&id=&issn=0706-652X&isbn=&volume=50&issue=2&spage=316&pages=316-322&date=1993&title=Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Fisheries%20and%20Aquatic%20Sciences&atitle=Quantitative%20dietary%20lysine%20requirement%20of%20Atlantic%20salmon%20%28Salmo%20salar%29%20fingerlings.&aulast=Anderson&pid=%3Cauthor%3EAnderson%2c%20J%20S%3bLall%2c%20S%20P%3bAnderson%2c%20D%20M%3bMcNiven%2c%20M%20A%3C%2Fauthor%3E%3CAN%3E19931461937%3C%2FAN%3E%3CDT%3EJournal%20article%3C%2FDT%3
Distinct Intracellular Compartments Involved in Invariant Chain Degradation and Antigenic Peptide Loading of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Class II Molecules
No full textMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are transported to intracellular MHC class II compartments via a transient association with the invariant chain (Ii). After removal of the invariant chain, peptides can be loaded onto class II molecules, a process catalyzed by human leukocyte antigen-DM (HLA-DM) molecules. Here we show that MHC class II compartments consist of two physically and functionally distinct organelles. Newly synthesized MHC class II/Ii complexes were targeted to endocytic organelles lacking HLA-DM molecules, where Ii degradation occurred. From these organelles, class II molecules were transported to a distinct organelle containing HLADM, in which peptides were loaded onto class II molecules. This latter organelle was not directly accessible via fluid phase endocytosis, suggesting that it is not part of the endosomal pathway. Uptake via antigen-specific membrane immunoglobulin resulted however in small amounts of antigen in the HLA-DM positive organelles. From this peptide-loading compartment, class II–peptide complexes were transported to the plasma membrane, in part after transit through endocytic organelles. The existence of two separate compartments, one involved in Ii removal and the other functioning in HLA-DM–dependent peptide loading of class II molecules, may contribute to the efficiency of antigen presentation by the selective recruitment of peptide-receptive MHC class II molecules and HLA-DM to the same subcellular location
A generalization of analytic deduction via labelled deductive systems. Part 1: basic substructural logics
No full textIn this series of papers we set out to generalize the notion of classical analytic deduction (i.e., deduction via elimination rules) by combining the methodology of labelled deductive systems (LDS) with the classical systemKE. LDS is a unifying framework for the study of logics and of their interactions. In the LDS approach the basic units of logical derivation are not just formulae butlabelled formulae, where the labels belong to a given labelling algebra. The derivation rules act on the labels as well as on the formulae, according to certain fixed rules of propagation. By virtue of the extra power of the labelling algebras, standard (classical or intuitionistic) proof systems can be extended to cover a much wider territory without modifying their structure. The systemKE is a new tree method for classical analytic deduction based on analytic cut.KE is a refutation system, like analytic tableaux and resolution, but it is essentially more efficient than tableaux and, unlike resolution, does not require any reduction to normal form.
We start our investigation with the family of substructural logics. These are logical systems (such as Lambek''s calculus, Anderson and Belnap''s relevance logic, and Girard''s linear logic) which arise from disallowing some or all of the usual structural properties of the notion of logical consequence. This extension of traditional logic yields a subtle analysis of the logical operators which is more in tune with the needs of applications. In this paper we generalize the classicalKE system via the LDS methodology to provide a uniform refutation system for the family of substructural logics.
The main features of this generalized method are the following: (a) each logic in the family is associated with a labelling algebra; (b) the tree-expansion rules (for labelled formulae) are the same for all the logics in the family; (c) the difference between one logic and the other is captured by the conditions under which a branch is declared closed; (d) such conditions depend only on the labelling algebra associated with each logic; and (e) classical and intuitionistic negations are characterized uniformly, by means of the same tree-expansion rules, and their difference is reduced to a difference in the labelling algebra used in closing a branch. In this first part we lay the theoretical foundations of our method. In the second part we shall continue our investigation of substructural logics and discuss the algorithmic aspects of our approach
Cellular-responses of migratory grasshoppers (melanoplus-sanguinipes F) and African desert locusts (schistocerca-gregaria L) to diplotriaena-tricuspis (nematoda, diplotriaenoidea)
No full textPT: J; CR: ANDERSON RC, 1957, CANADIAN J ZOOLOGY, V35, P15 ANDERSON RC, 1962, CAN J ZOOL, V40, P1175 ANDERSON RC, 1976, CIH KEYS NEMATODE PA, P59 BAIN O, 1969, ANN PARASITOLOGIE, V44, P595 BAIN O, 1973, ANN PARASITOLOGIE, V48, P81 BRELJE NA, 1974, J EC ENTOMOL, V67, P134 CAWTHORN RJ, 1980, CAN J ZOOL, V58, P94 LAVOIPIERRE MM, 1958, ANN TROP MED PARASIT, V52, P103 MILLER BJ, 1937, MENDEL B DEC, P5 PICKFORD R, 1969, CAN ENTOMOL, V101, P894 POINAR GO, 1974, INT J PARASITOL, V4, P133 SALT G, 1968, BIOL REV, V43, P200 SALT G, 1970, CELLULAR DEFENSE MEC SCHACHER JF, 1968, J PARASITOL, V54, P869 SEURAU C, 1977, ANN PARASITOL HUM CO, V52, P457 SEUREAU C, 1973, Z PARASITENKD, V41, P119 SMITH DS, 1968, INSECT CELLS SPRATT DM, 1972, INT J PARASITOL, V2, P201 SPRATT DM, 1974, INT J PARASITOL, V4, P477 WIGGLESWORTH VB, 1972, PRINCIPLES INSECT PH WILLIAMS P, 1961, ANN TROP MED PARASIT, V55, P1 WUEST J, 1978, CELL TISSUE RES, V188, P481; NR: 22; TC: 2; J9: CAN J ZOOL; PG: 5; GA: JH185Source type: Electronic(1
HLA-DM mediates epitope selection by a "compare-exchange" mechanism when a potential peptide pool is available.
No full textHLA-DM (DM) mediates exchange of peptides bound to MHC class II (MHCII) during the epitope selection process. Although DM has been shown to have two activities, peptide release and MHC class II refolding, a clear characterization of the mechanism by which DM facilitates peptide exchange has remained elusive.We have previously demonstrated that peptide binding to and dissociation from MHCII in the absence of DM are cooperative processes, likely related to conformational changes in the peptide-MHCII complex. Here we show that DM promotes peptide release by a non-cooperative process, whereas it enhances cooperative folding of the exchange peptide. Through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and fluorescence polarization (FP) we show that DM releases prebound peptide very poorly in the absence of a candidate peptide for the exchange process. The affinity and concentration of the candidate peptide are also important for the release of the prebound peptide. Increased fluorescence energy transfer between the prebound and exchange peptides in the presence of DM is evidence for a tetramolecular complex which resolves in favor of the peptide that has superior folding properties.This study shows that both the peptide releasing activity on loaded MHCII and the facilitating of MHCII binding by a candidate exchange peptide are integral to DM mediated epitope selection. The exchange process is initiated only in the presence of candidate peptides, avoiding possible release of a prebound peptide and loss of a potential epitope. In a tetramolecular transitional complex, the candidate peptides are checked for their ability to replace the pre-bound peptide with a geometry that allows the rebinding of the original peptide. Thus, DM promotes a "compare-exchange" sorting algorithm on an available peptide pool. Such a "third party"-mediated mechanism may be generally applicable for diverse ligand recognition in other biological systems
DM mediated peptide exchange as function of reactant concentration.
No full text<p>(a) Requirement of equimolar exchange peptide for initiating exchange. DM-mediated dissociation of the peptide HAS from DR1 measured in the presence of different concentration of unlabeled HA in excess as described in Results. The exchange peptide to complex ratio for each reaction is identified in the legend. Data points represent the mean and SD of three independent experiments, and lines represent the fit of the data to a five parameter double exponential decay function. (b) FP analysis of DM-catalyzed peptide binding to and release from DR. CLIP/DR complex at different concentrations (100, 300, 900 nM) was incubated with 3 fold DM and allowed to dissociate in absence of any free peptide. Simultaneously, loading of FAM-CLIP to an equimolar amount of DR at the same concentrations was measured. Reactions were set up in triplicates, and the average ±SDs are shown. Lines represent the fit of the data to either a five parameter double exponential decay or four parameters double exponential raise function. (c) Peptide release in the absence of exchange peptide is not a function of complex concentration. FP analysis of DM-catalyzed release of HAD from DR at four different concentrations in absence of any free peptide. At <i>t</i> = 1000 after steady state was reached, unlabeled peptide was added at an equimolar concentration to the complex at <i>t</i> = 0. Reactions were set up in triplicates, and the average values for each time point are shown. (d) DM-mediated binding is a function of reactant concentration. FP analysis of DM-catalyzed association of HAD to equimolar empty DR at the same four different concentrations as in panel B. Lines represent the fit of the data to a four parameter double exponential function. For (c) and (d), due to the small SD, error bars are hidden below data points.</p
Entanglement and quantity in quantum space - About quantum measurement (II)
No full textAs a continuation and extension of "quantity in phase space" "quantity in quantum space" is introduced. With that, the disappearing of quantum interference discussed in a previous paper [S. Durr, et al., Nature 395 (1998) 33] is explained in the same spirit as our recent papers [Ren De-Ming, Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 41 (2004) 685, 833].Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)1ARTICLE133-364
Sneutrino DM in the NMSSM with inverse seesaw mechanism
No full textIn supersymmetric theories like the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), the lightest neutralino with bino or singlino as its dominant component is customarily taken as dark matter (DM) candidate. Since light Higgsinos favored by naturalness can strength the couplings of the DM and thus enhance the DM-nucleon scattering rate, the tension between naturalness and DM direct detection results becomes more and more acute with the improved experimental sensitivity. In this work, we extend the NMSSM by inverse seesaw mechanism to generate neutrino mass, and show that in certain parameter space the lightest sneutrino may act as a viable DM candidate, i.e. it can annihilate by multi-channels to get correct relic density and meanwhile satisfy all experimental constraints. The most striking feature of the extension is that the DM-nucleon scattering rate can be naturally below its current experimental bounds regardless of the higgsino mass, and hence it alleviates the tension between naturalness and DM experiments. Other interesting features include that the Higgs phenomenology becomes much richer than that of the original NMSSM due to the relaxed constraints from DM physics and also due to the presence of extra neutrinos, and that the signatures of sparticles at colliders are quite different from those with neutralino as DM candidate.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [11575053]SCI(E)ARTICLE1
Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics
No full textThe Newton equation of motion is derived from quantum mechanics.Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)2ARTICLE5685-6884
Distribution and timing of distant metastasis (DM) after definitive therapy for patients with esophageal and esophagogastric junction (E-EGJ) cancer.
No full text 105 Background: For localized E-EGJ cancer patients, the preferred therapy is chemoradiation (CRT) followed by surgery (TMT). Definitive CRT (BMT) has been also established for the patients who do not qualify for surgery. Distribution and timing of distant metastasis has not been described. Methods: Between 2002 and 2013, 629 patients with localized E-EGJ cancer who underwent TMT or BMT were reviewed the distribution and timing of DM over time. Overall survival (OS) was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median follow-up time was 37.2 months (interquartile range: 17.8-65.0) among patients with data that were censored. Among 356 patients with TMT, 33% (119) developed DM as their first relapse. Among 273 patients with BMT, 40% (109) developed DM. Following TMT and BMT, 91% and 96% of DM were diagnosed within 2 years of treatment, respectively. The 7 most common anatomic sites of DM were: lung (20% of DM for TMT and 17% of DM for BMT), distant lymph node (13% and 20%), liver (14% and 11%), peritoneum (10% and 13%), bone (6% and 11%), brain (8% and 8%) and pleura (7% and 5%). The median OS from DM were 10.2 months (95% CI: 7.8-12.7) for TMT patients and 7.8 months (95% CI: 5.7-9.9) for BMT patients. The median OS of patients with pleura metastasis was the shortest (1.5 months [95% CI: 1.0-2.1] for TMT and 3.5 months [95% CI: 3.3-3.6]) for BMT. Conclusions: After TMT and BMT, 33% and 40% of patients had DM and most DM occurred within 2 years (91% and 96%). Common sites of DM sites are lung, distant lymph node and liver. The risk factors associated with DM need to be elucidated. Supported by UT M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Multidisciplinary Research G rants, CA138671, CA172741, CA129926 from NCI (JAA) and Generous Donors. [Table: see text] </jats:p
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