1,721,016 research outputs found
Venous return physiology applied to post-cardiac arrest haemodynamic management : a post hoc analysis of the NEUROPROTECT trial
No full textBackground: The European Resuscitation Council 2021 guidelines for haemodynamic monitoring and management during post-resuscitation care from cardiac arrest call for an individualised approach to therapeutic interventions. Combining the cardiac function and venous return curves with the inclusion of the mean systemic filling pressure enables a physiological illustration of intravascular volume, vasoconstriction and inotropy. An analogue mean systemic filling pressure (Pmsa) may be calculated once cardiac output, mean arterial and central venous pressure are known. The NEUROPROTECT trial compared targeting a mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg (standard) versus an early goal directed haemodynamic optimisation targeting 85 mmHg (high) in ICU for 36 h after cardiac arrest. The trial data were used in this study to calculate post hoc Pmsa and its expanded variables to comprehensively describe venous return physiology during post-cardiac arrest management. A general estimating equation model was used to analyse continuous variables split by standard and high mean arterial pressure groups. Results: Data from 52 patients in each group were analysed. The driving pressure for venous return, and thus cardiac output, was higher in the high MAP group (p < 0.001) along with a numerically increased estimated stressed intravascular volume (mean difference 0.27 [− 0.014–0.55] L, p = 0.06). The heart efficiency was comparable (p = 0.43) in both the standard and high MAP target groups, suggesting that inotropy was similar despite increased arterial load in the high MAP group (p = 0.01). The efficiency of fluid boluses to increase cardiac output was increased in the higher MAP compared to standard MAP group (mean difference 0.26 [0.08–0.43] fraction units, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Calculation of the analogue mean systemic filling pressure and expanded variables using haemodynamic data from the NEUROPROTECT trial demonstrated an increased venous return, and thus cardiac output, as well as increased volume responsiveness associated with targeting a higher MAP. Further studies of the analogue mean systemic filling pressure and its derived variables are warranted to individualise post-resuscitation care and evaluate any clinical benefit associated with this monitoring approach.Peer reviewe
Accuracy of continuous thermodilution cardiac output by pulmonary artery catheter during therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest patients
No full textAccuracy of continuous thermodilution cardiac output by pulmonary artery catheter during therapeutic hypothermia in post-cardiac arrest patients
No full textCardiac function after cardiac arrest : what do we know?
Full text linkPostcardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction (PCAMD) is a frequent complication faced during post-resuscitation care that adversely impacts survival and neurological outcome. Both mechanical and electrical factors contribute to the occurrence of PCAMD. Prearrest ventricular function, the cause of cardiac arrest, global ischemia, resuscitation factors, ischemia/reperfusion injury and post-resuscitation treatments contribute to the severity of PCMAD. the pathophysiology of PCAMD is complex and include myocytes energy failure, impaired contractility, cardiac edema, mitochondrial damage, activation of inflammatory pathways and the coagulation cascade, persistent ischemic injury and myocardial stiffness. Hypotension and low cardiac output with vasopressor/inotropes need are frequent after resuscitation. However, clinical, hemodynamic and laboratory signs of shock are frequently altered by cardiac arrest pathophysiology and post-resuscitation treatment, potentially being misleading and not fully reflecting the severity of postcardiac arrest syndrome. Even if validated criteria are lacking, an extensive hemodynamic evaluation is useful to define a "benign" and a "malign" form of myocardial dysfunction and circulatory shock, potentially having treatment and prognostic implications. cardiac output is frequently decreased after cardiac arrest, particularly in patients treated with target temperature management (TTM); however, it is not independently associated with outcome. sinus bradycardia during TTM seems independently associated with survival and good neurological outcome, representing a promising prognostic indicator. Higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) seems to be associated with improved survival and cerebral function after cardiac arrest; however, two recent randomized clinical trials failed to replicate these results. recommendations on hemodynamic optimization are relatively poor and are largely based on general principle of intensive care medicine.Peer reviewe
Blood pressure targets and management during post-cardiac arrest care
No full textBlood pressure is one modifiable physiological target in patients treated in the intensive care unit after cardiac arrest. Current Guidelines recommend targeting a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of higher than 65-70 mmHg using fluid resuscitation and the use of vasopressors. Management strategies will vary based in the setting, i.e. the pre-hospital compared to the in-hospital phase. Epidemiological data suggest that some degree of hypotension requiring vasopressors occur in almost 50% of patients. A higher MAP could theoretically increase coronary blood flow but on the other hand the use of vasopressor may result in an increase in cardiac oxygen demand and arrhythmia. An adequate MAP is paramount for maintaining cerebral blood flow. In some cardiac arrest patients the cerebral autoregulation may be disturbed resulting in the need for higher MAP in order to avoid decreasing cerebral blood flow. Thus far, four studies including little more than 1000 patients have compared a lower and higher MAP target in cardiac arrest patients. The achieved mean difference of MAP between groups has varied from 10-15 mmHg. Based on these studies a Bayesian meta-analysis suggests that the posterior probability that a future study would find treatment effects higher than a 5% difference between groups to be less than 50%. On the other hand, this analysis also suggests, that the likelihood of harm with a higher MAP target is also low. Noteworthy is that all studies to date have focused mainly on patients with a cardiac cause of the arrest with the majority of patients being resuscitated from a shockable initial rhythm. Future studies should aim to include also non-cardiac causes and aim to target a wider separation in MAP between groups.Peer reviewe
The Association Between Global Hemodynamics, Cerebral Oxygenation and Survival in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients
No full textThe Association Between Carbon Dioxide, Cerebral Oxygenation and Survival in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients
No full textFFR pressure wire comparative study for drift: piezo resistive versus optical sensor
No full textBackground: This study aimed to assess the stability of pressure derived fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement and the handling performance of the OptoWire Deux with an optical pressure sensor relative to the PressureWire X with piezo resistive pressure sensors. Methods: This multicenter centre observational study included 50 patients between June 2017 and November 2018 undergoing a diagnostic coronary angiography with FFR measurement of moderate to severe lesions. The reliability of FFR measurement measured with the OptoWire Deux relative to the PressureWire X in each lesion was assessed by the presence of drift. Handling characteristics for both pressure wires were assessed by a 5-point scale and by comparing the time between equalization and crossing the distal target lesion. Results: Hundred and sixteen measurements in 50 patients were performed. Very stable and reliable FFR measurements with the optical sensors were registered, relative to the piezo resistive pressure sensors. There is statistically significant difference in favor of the OptoWire Deux over the PressureWire X (P=0.001). However, the differences are small, when drift values were compared as continuous variables, no statistically significant difference was found for both directional (P=0.435) as for absolute drift (P=0.058). Conclusions: In patients undergoing FFR measurement, both optical sensor pressure wires (Optowire Deux) as piezo resistive sensor pressure wires (PressureWire X) generate stable and reliable pressure and thus FFR measurement. The optical pressure sensor is less susceptible for drift relative to the piezo resistive pressure sensor, but the difference is within an acceptable range.We would like to thank Jo Zelis and Marcel van ‘t Veer from the Department of Biomedical Engineering of the University of Technology Eindhoven for his statistical support
The Association Between Global Hemodynamics, Cerebral Oxygenation and Survival in Post-Cardiac Arrest Patients
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