297 research outputs found
Crocker Range National Park, Sabah, as a refuge for Borneo’s montane herpetofauna
No full textCrocker Range National Park in Sabah (East Malaysia), northern Borneo, is an exceptional area for herpetological diversity. Inventories of the Park are incomplete, but show high diversity, as well as regional endemicity shared with the adjacent and more well-known Gunung Kinabalu National Park. The montane ecosystem of the Range offers refuge for a number of rare herpetofaunal taxa, including Stoliczkia borneensis, Rhabdophis murudensis, Oligodon everetti, Philautus bunitus, Ansonia anotis, Sphenomorphus aesculeticola, and undescribed species of squamates of the genera Sphenomorphus and Gongylosoma. The 59 species of amphibians and 45 species of reptiles now recorded from the Range represent 39 and 16.2 per cent of the total Bornean amphibian and reptile fauna, respectively. The high levels of deforestation of the surrounding regions of Borneo, particularly lowland rainforests, highten the importance of protection of primary forests of northern Borneo’s Crocker Range
Reactions to symptoms of mental disorder and help seeking in Sabah, Malaysia
No full text© 2017, © The Author(s) 2017. Background: A better understanding is needed about how people make decisions about help seeking. Materials: Focus group and individual interviews with patients, carers, healthcare staff, religious authorities, traditional healers and community members. Discussion: Four stages of help seeking were identified: (1) noticing symptoms and initial labelling, (2) collective decision-making, (3) spiritual diagnoses and treatment and (4) psychiatric diagnosis and treatment. Conclusion: Spiritual diagnoses have the advantage of being less stigmatising, giving meaning to symp toms, and were seen to offer hope of cure rather than just symptom control. Patients and carers need help to integrate different explanatory models into a meaningful whole
The Kadazans and Sabah Politics
No full textThe Kadazans - the indigenous non-Muslim tribal people of what was North Borneo under Chartered Company rule and is now Sabah, a state of Malaysia - have for the most part throughout their history been governed by others than themselves. Before European contact Muslim overlords from Brunei or the Sulu archipelago exercised a tenuous sovereignty; the London-based Chartered Company was concerned to extract wealth for shareholders and to keep the indigenes quiescent; and since the formation of Malaysia, with the covert or overt support of the federal government in Kuala Lumpur, for the greater part of the time Muslim rule has prevailed. This thesis is a detailed examination of the last quarter-of-a-century's political life in Sabah, with particular reference to the role of the Kadazan community therein. The growth of Kadazan consciousness or "nationalism" is traced, and the evolution of their political parties and fortunes. Political and socio-economic developments within the state are linked always to the federal framework within which they take place and must be understood. The author has been and is a participant-observer in the history with which he deals having been both newspaper editor and Radio Sabah commentator; back-bench M.P. in opposition and front-bench Cabinet Minister in Government; grass roots activist in villages and legal advisor to the present Government of Sabah headed by a Kadazan, Datuk Joseph Pairin Kitingan
Assessment of Covariance Estimation through Least Squares Collocation over Iran
No full textIn our previous work [Ramouz et al. 2018], during the gravity field determination via Least Squares Collocation
(LSC) in Iran, it was detected that localizing covariance modeling shows better performance than using one
uniform covariance for all the under investigation regions. Now the question is which criteria should be used for
dividing the region into subareas for localization the covariance estimation? Tscherning et al. 1994 stated that data
distribution could significantly affect the covariance estimation and consequently the LSC gravity modeling. As
Iran has a rough topography and at the same time suffers from lack of a good coverage and homogenous terrestrial
gravity network, covariance analysis in this area is not a trivial task.
Four local case studies with different roughness and data distributions but with the same window size were
selected. In each case study and based on Remove – Restore technique, the global and topographic parts of the
gravity signal were removed from the observations. To do so, global gravity model EIGEN-6C4 up to d/o 360
and RTM method with the topographic information supplied by SRTM 1 arc-second height model, were used
respectively. After that, residual gravity anomalies went through analytical covariance estimation by make use of
Tscherning – Rapp 1974 covariance model.
Indeed, covariance estimation in LSC method consists of two steps: calculation of an empirical covariance function
from the residual gravity anomalies, and fitting an analytical covariance model to it. In this study, we focus on the
considerations about data and its distribution which must be taken into account during empirical and analytical
covariance determination. In case of not well-distributed input data, excavating analytical covariance model
parameters is a challenging task. In some cases, this sensitivity causes difficulty even in choosing initial values for
inverse adjustment of these parameters, which improper initial values lead to wrong parameters selections. Also,
the distribution of data in each case study was manipulated to analyze its influence on the covariance estimation.
To make an assessment, in each case study, the residual gravity anomalies were split into two datasets; first as
observations input for LSC, and the second, as control points to evaluate the accuracy of the LSC gravity modeling
and the covariance estimation. Then the interdependency and effect of Tscherning – Rapp covariance model
parameters on the covariance estimation were investigated in each case study. Evaluation of the results in the case
studies shows that the accuracy of the gravity modeling, directly dependent on the distribution of the data and
the roughness of the topography, among other parameters. Finally, enhancing the covariance estimation based
on presented approach, lead to about 10% improvement of the accuracy in terms of STD through LSC gravity
modeling
Peyam-ı Sabah (11306-11786 issues-study and selected texts)
No full text1 Ocak 1920 tarihinde yayın hayatına başlayan Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesi 14 Eylül 1922 tarihine kadar varlığını sürdürmüştür. Bu çalışmada konu edilen nüshalar 11 Mayıs 1921-14 Eylül 1922 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan 481 sayıdır. Gazete, Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarılırken öncelikle içindekiler tablosu oluşturulmuş ardından yazar adı, konu ve türlerine göre bir tahlilî fihrist hazırlanmıştır. Çalışmamıza paralel olarak dil, edebiyat ve kültürel yazılar ağırlıklı olmak üzere seçilen 42 metin tamamıyla Latin harflerine aktarılarak Millî Mücadele yıllarının önemli yayın organlarından biri olan Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesinin sosyal bilimcilere katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde 11306-11786 arasındaki sayılarla kronolojik bir içindekiler tablosu oluşturulmuştur. İçindekiler tablosuna yazıların başlıkları, türü, yazı hakkında kısa bilgi ve varsa yazarı eklenmiştir. İkinci bölümde yazar adına göre alfabetik, türlerine göre ve son olarak konularına göre sınıflandırılarak tahlilî bir fihrist oluşturulmuştur. Üçüncü bölümde ise seçilen 42 metin konularına göre başlıklarda toplanmış ve Arap harflerinden Latin harflerine aktarılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuna araştırmacıların işlerini kolaylaştırmak adına bir dizin eklenmiştir. Bütün olarak bakıldığında bu çalışmayla Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesinin Türk gazeteciliğindeki önemini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Peyam-ı Sabah gazetesi, Millî Mücadele dönemi, Kurtuluş Savaşı, Ali Kemal, Bâb-ı Âli, Darülfünun.Peyam-ı Sabah newspaper, which started to be published on January 1, 1920, continued to exist until September 14, 1922. The copies in this study are 481 issues published between May 11, 1921 and September 14, 1922. While the newspaper was transferred from the Arabic letters to the Latin letters, a table of contents was first created and then an analytical index was prepared according to the author's name, subject and genre. In parallel with our study, 42 selected texts, mainly language, literature and cultural writings, were translated into Latin letters and Peyam-ı Sabah, which is one of the important publication organs of the National Struggle years, is aimed to contribute to social scientists. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, a chronological table of contents was created with the issues between 11306 and 11786. Titles of the writings, genre, brief information about the writing and the author (if any) were added to the table of contents. In the second part, an analytical index was created by classifying alphabetically by author name, by genre and finally by subjects. In the third part, 42 selected texts were collected under titles according to their subjects and transferred from Arabic letters to Latin letters. At the end of the study, an index was added to facilitate the work of the researchers. All in all, this study aims to reveal the importance of Peyam-ı Sabah newspaper in Turkish journalism. Key words: Peyam-ı Sabah newspaper, the period of National Struggle, the War of Independence, Ali Kemal, Bab-i Ali, Darülfünun
The Past And Present Pottery In Semporna, Sabah
No full textEthnoarchaeological research on Bajau pottery-making in Semporna, Sabah was carried out in 2009 by the author under the Center for Global Archaeological Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang in collaboration with the Sandakan Museum, Sabah. The research consists of three seasons of survey and study of the remaining potting islands and villages in order to obtain data on the technologies, types, functions and economic value of Bajau pottery. These data was compared with the prehistoric pottery of Bukit Tengkorak excavated in 1998, mainly to determine the similarities and differences possessed by the two different periods of pottery in Semporn
Satım sözleşmesinde hasarın geçişi
No full textSatım sözleşmesinde hasar kavramı, aynî hasar ve borca ilişkin hasar olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Aynî hasar kavramı, hasarın günlük dilde kullanıldığı anlamı ifade etmekte ve bir borç ilişkisine konu olsun veya olmasın, bir mala gelen yıkılma, bozulma, parçalanma şeklindeki zarar verici halleri ifade etmektedir. Borca ilişkin hasar kavramı ise, taraflar arasında geçerli olarak kurulmuş bir borç ilişkisinin varlığını gerektirir. Bu bağlamda, borca ilişkin hasar, sözleşmenin kurulması ile borçlunun edimini ifa etmesi arasındaki dönemde, kimsenin kusuru ve sorumluluğu bulunmaksızın meydana gelen ifa engelinin olumsuz sonuçlarına kimin katlanacağını ifade etmektedir. Diğer bir ifadeyle, sözleşmenin kurulmasından sonraki ifa imkânsızlığının hukukî sonuçlarına ilişkindir. Borca ilişkin hasar da edim hasarı ve karşı edim hasarı olarak ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Edim hasarı, sonraki ifa imkânsızlığı sonucunda alacaklının edimden yoksun kalma riski, karşı edim hasarı da, edimin imkânsızlaşması sonucunda, ifadan kurtulan borçlunun karşı edimi talep yetkisinden yoksun kalma riskidir. Satım sözleşmesinde de, edim hasarı alıcının satılandan yoksun kalma riski ve bedel hasarı da satıcının bedelden yoksun kalma riskini ifade etmektedir. Hasarın alıcıya geçişi ise, bu risklerin belirli bir andan itibaren satıcıdan alıcıya geçişini ifade etmektedir. Türk, İsviçre ve Alman Hukukunda, edim hasarı alıcının sırtındadır. Zira, sonraki imkânsızlık satıcıyı borcunda kurtarmaktadır. Bu durum, esas olarak parça borcunda sözleşmenin kurulmasıyla, çeşit borcunda çeşidin somutlaştırılmasıyla söz konusu olmaktadır. Çeşit borcu somutlaştırılmadan ifa imkânsızlığı söz konusu olamamaktadır. Satım sözleşmesinde hasar, satılan malın yok olması veya bozulması sonucunda, satıcının satılanı teslim ve mülkiyetini geçirme borcundan kurtularak, bedeli de talep edebilmesini ifade etmektedir. Hasarın geçişi anı ise, alıcının hangi andan itibaren edimden yoksun kalmasına rağmen bedeli ödeme riskine katlanacağını ifade etmektedir. Bu konuda farklı hukuklarda farklı sistemler mevcuttur. Örneğin, Almanya'da hasar alıcıya satılanın teslimiyle geçerken, İsviçre ve Türk hukuklarında BK.m.183 ve İsviçre BK.m.185 uyarınca, satım sözleşmesinin yapılması anında geçmektedir. Bu kural, satıcıyı haksız yere kayırması sebebiyle haklı olarak çok eleştirilmektedir. Zira, sözleşmenin kurulmasından itibaren, alıcı satılan malı elde edememesine rağmen, bedelini ödemek zorunda kalacaktır. Bununla birlikte kuralın, lafzî olarak değil, satıcının edim yükümlülükleri göz önüne alınarak yorumlanması ve uygulanması gerekmektedir. Böylece, alıcı açısından da adaletli bir çözüme varılabilecektir. Der Begriff Gefahr bedeutet allgemein eine Gefahr der Vermögensverminderung und unterscheidet sich in zwei gruppen als periculum rei (Gefahr der Sache) und periculum obligationis (Gefahr im Schuldverhältnis) im Kaufvertrag. Gefahr der Sache bedeutet der Untergang oder Beschädigung der Kaufsache. Für den Begriff periculum obligationis, ist ein gültiges Schuldverhältnis nützlich. Auch der Gefahr im Schuldverhältnis unterscheidet man in zwei Begriffe als Leistungsgefahr und Preisgefahr. Der Begriff Leistungsgefahr antwortet die Frage welcher Teil der Kaufvertrag die negative Ergebnisse erleidet wenn der Kaufsache untergeht oder sich beshädigt ohne das Verschulden des Verkäufers zwischen der Abschluss und die Erfüllung des Kaufvertrages. Wenn der Verkaufer noch eine Kaufsache übergeben muss, sagen wir der Verkaufer trägt der Leistungsgefahr und wenn der Kaufer verliert seinen Anspruch auf das Übergeben der Kaufsache, dann sagen wir er trägt die Leittungsgefahr. Preisgefahr ist der Gegenleistungsgefahr im Kaufvertrag und bedeutet die Gefahr für den Käufer, dass er den Kaufpreis bezahlen muss, obwohl er die Kaufsache nich oder beschädigt erhält. Im Türkischen und Schweizerischen OR. der Kaufer trägt die Preisgefahr mit der Abschluss des Kaufvertrages. Es gibt verschiedene Systemen in der Tragung der Gefahr im kaufvertrag. Zum Beispiel İm Deutschen Kaufrecht, die Gefahr übergeht dem kaufer wenn der Verkaufer die kaufsache ihm übergibt. Im Fransözichem Recht, der Kaufer trägt die Gefahr wenn er das Eigentum über die sache erhält mit der Abscluss des Vertrages. Im Scweizerischen und Türkischen Recht der Vertragsprinzip verursacht unbillige Ergebnisse
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