6 research outputs found
Assessment of Air Pollution and its Effects on Health of Workers of Steel Re-Rolling Mills in Hyderabad
No full textThe SRRMs (Steel Re-Rolling Mills) are being releasing air pollutants in the environment. In order to evaluate their effect on the health of the workers, health and safety issues were analyzed by first measuring the concentrations of SO x (OIxides of Sulphur), NO x (Oxides of Nitrogen), CO (Carbon Monoxide) and O2 (Oxygen) produced in the three SRRMs located in SITE area Hyderabad. The mean concentration of SO x , NO x and CO were in the order of 0.35, 0.280, 6.333 ppm, respectively, whereas the mean concentration of O 2 was 203.53 thousand ppm. As per results, the concentration ofair pollutants, including SOx and NO x were significantly higher than to the NEQS (National Environmental Quality Standards) and NAAQS (National Ambient Air Quality Standards). The concentration ofCO was lower than to the NAAQS, but higher than to the NEQs, while the concentration of O2 was slightly lower than to the standard value. The workers who were exposed to these air pollutants are being suffering from chronic diseases related to breathing and allergies. Moreover, labour staff was lifting heavy loads manually, which causes them to muscular and joint problems. In all the SRRMs under study, the electrical and mechanical equipments were used without any safety. The MSDS were not displayed on the workstations, the housekeeping was inadequate and most of the workers were performing their jobs without personal protective equipment. In addition to these, the other serious issues related to the occupational health and safety were an unhygienic
supply of water, higher noise level, placement of explosive cylinders in the open atmosphere and
unavailability of the first aid facilities in the Mill premises
Study of deposit accumulation and tribological degradation in diesel engine utilizing blend fuels
No full textUtilizing alcohol in diesel engines offers an alternative approach to reducing dependence on diesel fuel. Specifically, higher alcohols such as n-butanol (nB) and n-pentanol (Pn), which have high carbon content and are largely derived from non-edible sources, can be directly blended with diesel. These blends present significant economic and environmental advantages, making the study of high-carbon alcohol use in diesel engines increasingly important. This research focused on creating blends of waste cooking oil and n-pentanol with diesel fuel, preparing three binary and ternary mixtures: DF95WCO5 and DF65WCO20Pe20. The primary goal was to investigate the fundamental characteristics of these blends. However, challenges such as increased deposits, pollutant emissions, and reduced engine performance when using biodiesel have been noted. A detailed evaluation of combustion chamber deposit buildup and its impact on emissions and engine performance was carried out. The study employed diesel, waste frying oil, and n-pentanol blends. After 200 h of operation, engine injectors and pump pistons were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. It was discovered that waste cooking oil binary mix fuel had a greater rate of carbon deposition generation than diesel fuel, with 89.68% for WCO and 80.01% for D100. By contrast, engine part deposition was reduced when n-pentanol was mixed with waste cooking oil as opposed to diesel fuel, with a deposition rate of 47.90% for n-pentanol. The results revealed notable surface structure changes on pistons with DF95WCO5 and n-pentanol blends. Wear debris concentration was reduced when using emulsified fuels, particularly in binary blends, while the ternary blend DF65WCO20Pe20 showed further reductions in Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), and Nickel (Ni) compared to pure diesel. The engine demonstrated lower viscosity and increased density when operated with these blended fuels. Experimental findings highlighted significant differences between biodiesel derived from used and fresh cooking oils, including reduced engine performance, higher carbon deposits, and accelerated metal degradation in key components of diesel engine lubricating oil
Improving Methane Production through Co-Digestion of Canola Straw and Buffalo Dung by H2O2 Pretreatment
No full textIn this study an effect of acidic pre-treatment on the CS (Canola Straw) and BD (Buffalo Dung) by
anaerobic co-digestion was investigated. H2O2 (Hydrogen Peroxide) is a mainly accustomed reagent,
used as a bleaching agent in the different industries such as paper and wood. In the present study, it was
used as a pre-treatment chemical at varying concentrations in batch reactors. The co-digestion of CS and
BD was carried out in SAMPTS (Semi-Automatic Methane Potential Test System) at mesophilic (37±1oC)
conditions. The CS was pretreated in glass bottles with different concentrations of the H2O2 for seven
days. The inoculum used in the present study was an effluent of the CSTR (Continuous Stirred Tank
Reactor), which was treating BD at mesophilic conditions. The specific methane production from the codigestion
of canola straw and BD, by the pre-treatment of H2O2 at concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%
were 530.8, 544.5, and 510.3 NmL CH4 g/VS, respectively. The significant reduction in the volatile solids
of CS was observed at the optimum pre-treatment of 1.0% H2O2
Anaerobic Biodegradability and Biomethanation Potential of Fruit-Vegetable Wastes at Sindh, Pakistan
No full textThe urban environment of every city of Pakistan has been degraded because of open dumping and burning of organic wastes along with other wastes. The focus of this study was to evaluate the fruit and vegetable wastes for methane generation through biomethanation process. After collection, various parameters such as alkalinity, volatile fatty acids, pH, lignin content, moisture content, total solids, volatile solids, fixed carbon, and elements (C, H, N, O, S) of waste samples were determined by using standard methodology. Anaerobic biodegradability of fruit and vegetable wastes was observed from 54 to 77% and from 59 to 87% along with their methane generation potential in the range of 258-367 NmL /gmVS and 274-407 NmL/gmVS, respectively. Further, the effect of feedstock to inoculum ratio was studied. The result of that showed that lower methane potential at a higher ratio and vice versa was observed. It was concluded that at a lower feedstock to inoculum ratio, fruit as well as vegetable wastes become more feasible for the biomethanation process. The study recommends that the conversion of fruit and vegetable wastes into methane gas by anaerobic digestion plays a significant role to save urban environment of the country
Debris accumulation, acoustic and wear analysis of compression ignition engine using bio alcohols blends
No full textThe use of alternative fuels in diesel engines has become increasingly important in recent years. In this study, deposit development was examined using combinations of n-pentanol, diesel, and gutter oil. Finding out how well adding n-pentanol improves ternary blend performance is the aim of this study. Three test fuels—DF, DF95GO5, and DF70GO20Pn10—were chosen for this purpose. Each fuel sample underwent a separate engine test to examine the surfaces of the piston crowns. The SEM and EDX tests revealed that using DF95GO5 significantly altered the piston's surfaces. The gutter oil binary mix fuel was found to produce carbon deposition more quickly than diesel fuel, with 67.68 % for GO and 60.72 % for D100. However, engine part deposition decreased when 1-pentanol was combined with gutter oil instead of diesel fuel, even though n-pentanol had a 52.90 % deposition rate. To compare to DF, N-pentanol was added as a ternary blend DF70GO20Pn10 for copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) 0.37 ppm, and cadmium (Cd) 8 ppm. The ternary blend gasoline, on the other hand, contained less debris. The results showed that engine noise emissions were generally increased when gutter oil was added to DF95GO5 diesel fuel. However, DF70GO20Pn10 had less of an effect on the engine's noise emissions (86.63 dB) than baseline fuel and gutter oil blend
Assessment of groundwater quality in Piryaloi, Pakistan: integrating GPI, SPI, and GIS for comprehensive analysis
No full textAt present, the groundwater quality in various parts of the world is under serious threat. As a result, human health is highly affected. Thus, the present study analyzed and mapped the groundwater quality of Piryaloi, Pakistan using two widely applied indices, i.e., groundwater pollution index (GPI), synthetic pollution index (SPI), and GIS. Water samples were analyzed for various physicochemical parameters such as pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), chloride (Cl−), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), total hardness (TH), carbonates (CO32−), bicarbonates (HCO31−), fluoride (F), and heavy metals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), molybdenum (Mo), boron (B), arsenic (As), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), palladium (Pd), and chromium (Cr). According to the GPI, 46.67, 40 and 13.33% of samples were excellent, good, and poor, respectively. Whereas, according to the SPI, 33.3, 40, 20, and 6.7% of samples were suitable, slightly polluted, moderately polluted, and highly polluted respectively. Despite the different inputs to the indices, the proportionate ranking showed a moderate correlation (R2 = 0.62) between the results of both indices. Interpolated maps also depicted that in some areas, groundwater is contaminated, and thus it should be treated well before drinking
