24 research outputs found
Determinants and Spatial Distribution of Multidimensional Poverty in Cameroon
Get PDFThe aim of this study is to target poverty following a multidimensional approach. The Multiple Correspondence Analysis, the Pα class of poverty measures and the logistic regression permitted us to construct a Composite Welfare Index, to draw up multidimensional poverty profiles and to identify its determinants. The results show that, with regard to the spatial distribution, Cameroon’s regions can be divided into three: an area of extreme multi-poverty, an area of non-multi-poverty, and an area in between. With regard to socio-economic characteristics, the residential area variable was found to be an absolute determinant. Monetary poverty is obviously considerable in this distribution, and so are existence poverty, infrastructural poverty and human poverty. Policies aimed at fighting poverty must target the areas of extreme multi-poverty and rural areas on the basis of shortages of capabilities in all these dimensions
Public sector spending, governance, and economic growth in Sub Saharan Africa
No full textAim/purpose - This study examined the impact of public sector spending and governance on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and further assessed the role of governance in the causal relationship between public sector spending and economic growth in the sub-region. Design/methodology/approach - The study employed the Panel Corrected Standard Errors (PCSE) estimator on data spanning the period 2002 to 2020 across a sample of 31 selected countries in SSA. To check for the robustness of the results, we adopted the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel non-causality test to detect Granger causality in the relationships among the variables. Findings - The findings show that spending in the public sectors alone, such as education and health, does not always yield the needed outcome of promoting economic growth. Government education expenditure stimulates economic growth in SSA, albeit the effect is statistically insignificant, whereas government health expenditure has a growth-limiting effect in SSA. The results reveal that government effectiveness, rule of law, political stability, and absence of violence/terrorism are among the governance indicators that can help to fast-track economic prosperity in SSA. However, the results further show that good governance can act as a stimulant to invigorate the effectiveness of public sector spending in achieving economic growth in SSA. The growth-enhancing complementary role of good governance to public sector spending is robust across all governance indicators except political stability for government education spending and regulatory quality for government health spending. Research implications/limitations - The findings imply that strengthening good governance in SSA is non-negotiable in managing and using public funds allocated to the public sectors and in achieving sustainable economic growth, poverty alleviation, and income inequality reduction in the sub-region. However, the findings of this study are limited to the SSA region and may not apply to other regions of the globe. Originality/value/contribution - The contribution of this paper is that it examines the moderation effect of governance in the causal relationship between public spending and economic growth in SSA while accounting for cross-sectional dependence. The paper also contributes to the existing literature by using disaggregated governance and public sector spending components to ascertain the robustness of the results and better inform policy
Multidimensional Spatial Poverty Comparisons in Cameroon
No full textHC 995 . Z9 P657 2010The study investigates poverty comparisons across the various strata and urban/
rural areas in Cameroon. A composite poverty indicator is constructed using multiple
correspondence analysis by taking into account 33 non-monetary indicators that have
been identified as describing a real poverty situation. The composite poverty indicator
is combined with per capita consumption to estimate poverty measures showing that
income poverty affects 39.6% of households, whereas 80.6% of households are poor in
the non-monetary dimension. The incidence of multidimensional poverty is estimated to
be at 81.3%. Decomposition of the Chakravarty indexes fails to establish robust regional
poverty orderings and comparisons. By resorting to the stochastic dominance approach
we find that bi-dimensional poverty for urban areas is robustly lower than that for rural
areas. Between regions, there is clear evidence that bi-dimensional poverty in Yaounde/
Douala is less than other regions and that the Rural Savannah is the poorest region of
the country for a wide range of poverty lines and a broad class of poverty measures. The
discriminatory measures of variables reveal that water, sanitation, housing materials, levelof education and roads are the major indicators of non-monetary poverty in Cameroon. Policy should therefore, in addition to promoting income-generating activities, focus on these variables and target the rural areas as well as the northern regions to better alleviate poverty in Cameroon.AER
Public sector spending, governance, and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textAim/purpose – This study examined the impact of public sector spending and governance on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and further assessed the role of governance in the causal relationship between public sector spending and economic growth in the sub-region
Characterizing weights in the measurement of multidimensional poverty : an application of data-driven approaches to Cameroonian data
Get PDFThe study seeks to compare multidimensional poverty indices in Cameroon generated by different multivariate techniques. After carefully exploring the theoretical and empirical review of the statistical methods of setting weights in the measurement of multidimensional poverty, the study employs three different statistical or data-driven methods - principal components analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, and fuzzy set approach to set weights in the aggregation procedure. Use is made of the 2001 Cameroonian household survey data to estimate the models. The poverty distributions obtained from the three approaches are submitted to stochastic dominance tests to investigate the sensitivity of the resultant poverty index rankings to changes in the weighting characterization. It comes out of the empirical analysis that the principal components analysis index distribution unambiguous shows less poverty than the multiple correspondence analysis and fuzzy set composite indices, while comparison of the two latter index distributions shows no clear dominance
Capital flight and diamond exports in the Central African Republic: The role of political governance crisis
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between capital flight, diamond exports and political governance crisis in the Central African Republic. To achieve this, use is made of multiple correspondence analysis to construct a political governance crisis index, and the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model and Bound test for co-integration are employed to establish short-run and long-run relationships. The short-run results show political governance crisis and diamond exports have a significant and negative effect on capital flight. The interaction term between diamonds exports and political governance crisis is found to be positively related to capital flight in the short run. The long-run equilibrium shows a significant and negative relationship between political governance crisis, diamond exports, and gross domestic product growth even though the interaction between political governance crisis and diamond exports show a positive and significant relationship. The total natural resource rent is found to be positively related to capital flight but not statistically significant. It is then recommended that a combination of stable political governance associated with reducing corruption in public affairs and promoting transparency in the management of the diamond sector be strengthened to effectively reduce the flight of capital
Institutions and Leakage of Public Funds in the Cameroonian Healthcare Delivery Chain
Get PDFABSTRACT This study attempts to examine the extent of leakage in the Cameroonian health sector and identify its sources. The analyses in the study are based on the Public Expenditure Tracking Survey data collected in Cameroon in 2004. The findings reveal that 18.8% of the actual budget allocations of decentralized health services in the Ministry of Public Health do not reach them. Health centers, which are the frontline healthcare providers, receive only 26.4% of their actual budgets contained in the recurrent expenditures of the decentralized health services. We investigate the institutional factors that correlate with the leakage rates and identified the factors that affect the likelihood of health centers receiving public funds. The study finds weak compact and voice institutional links in the Cameroonian health accountability system. The need to effectively control and monitor public funds, improve the information flow mechanism and improve the wage/allowance scale is highlighted. Finally, spending rules should be strictly respected and extra-budgetary spending restricted
Assessing User Satisfaction with the Quality of Healthcare Services in Cameroon
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate user satisfaction with, and perceptions about the quality
of, the healthcare services provided in health facilities in Cameroon. The analyses
make use of the 2010 Quantitative Service Delivery Survey (QSDS), jointly carried out
by the World Bank and the National Institute of Statistics in Cameroon. Confirmatory
factor analysis is used to test the reliability and validity of the research instruments
and hence facilitate the ranking of satisfaction indicators. We use ordered probit
modelling to identify the covariates of user satisfaction. Results indicate that over
85% of users are satisfied with the overall quality of healthcare services in the country.
There are some concerns about such dubiously high individual-level response rates,
which are inconsistent with the poor reputation of the quality of healthcare services
in CThis study aims to evaluate user satisfaction with, and perceptions about the quality
of, the healthcare services provided in health facilities in Cameroon. The analyses
make use of the 2010 Quantitative Service Delivery Survey (QSDS), jointly carried out
by the World Bank and the National Institute of Statistics in Cameroon. Confirmatory
factor analysis is used to test the reliability and validity of the research instruments
and hence facilitate the ranking of satisfaction indicators. We use ordered probit
modelling to identify the covariates of user satisfaction. Results indicate that over
85% of users are satisfied with the overall quality of healthcare services in the country.
There are some concerns about such dubiously high individual-level response rates,
which are inconsistent with the poor reputation of the quality of healthcare services
in Cameroon. It also emerges from the study that age, educational status and waiting
time are prominent covariates of satisfaction. The major policy recommendation
is that an exit user satisfaction survey should be conducted to reduce the approval
response biases observed in the 2010 QSDS data.ameroon. It also emerges from the study that age, educational status and waiting
time are prominent covariates of satisfaction. The major policy recommendation
is that an exit user satisfaction survey should be conducted to reduce the approval
response biases observed in the 2010 QSDS data
Évaluation de la Satisfaction des Usagers Vis-À-Vis de la Qualité des Services de Santé au Cameroun
No full textDOCUMENT DE POLITIQUE GÉNÉRALECette étude vise à évaluer la satisfaction et la perception des usagers quant
à la qualité des services de santé fournis dans les formations sanitaires au
Cameroun. Les analyses s'appuient sur l'enquête quantitative sur la prestation
de services (EQPS) de 2010, menée conjointement par la Banque mondiale
et l'Institut national de la statistique du Cameroun. L'analyse factorielle de
confirmation est utilisée pour tester la fiabilité et la validité des instruments de
recherche et ainsi faciliter le classement des indicateurs de satisfaction. Nous
utilisons la modélisation Probit ordonnée pour identifier les covariables de la
satisfaction des usagers. Les résultats indiquent que plus de 85% des usagers
sont satisfaits de la qualité globale des services de santé dans le pays. Ce taux de
réponses individuelles, dont le niveau est douteux, suscite certaines inquiétudes, ce
qui n'est pas conforme à la mauvaise réputation de la qualité des services de santé
au Cameroun. Il ressort également de l'étude que l'âge, le niveau d'éducation et
le temps d'attente sont des covariables de satisfaction importantes. La principale
recommandation politique est de mener une enquête de satisfaction auprès des
usagers à la sortie de l'hôpital afin de réduire les biais de réponse d'approbation
observés dans les données de l’EQPS 2010.Consortium pour la Recherche Économique en Afriqu
The Effect of Housing Quality on Self-Reported Health Status in Cameroon
Get PDFHousing and health nexus has become a widely area of concern among many researchers. This study concentrates on housing quality and self-reported health status in Cameroon. The two concepts are inextricably intertwined. Housing quality is an essential social determinant of health but in Cameroon it tends to be a neglected site for public health action. Housing conditions play a major role in the health status of the individual and a wide variety of housing features have been reported to influence the physical, social, economic, healthy living and well-being of occupants. This study uses the 2014 Cameroon Household Consumption Survey (CHCS 4, 2014) from the National Institute of Statistics. This dataset is built from a survey study on 46,090 households. The method of data analysis employed is the ordered logistic regression given that self-reported health status is an ordered dependent variable. The respondents were asked to declare their state of health through a Linkert scale question-whether it is very good, good, bad and very bad. The 38 housing components contained in this data are computed in to an index with the use of the multiple correspondence analysis and a housing quality normalized score constituted as the dependent variable. The Analytical tool used for objective one is the simple Multiple Regression Analysis. The results indicate that most of the housing components have a significant negative impact on housing quality. This is an indication of poor housing of most low-income earners in Cameroon. Objective two Results of the ordered logistic regression technique indicate that an improvement in the housing quality of household members will create a likelihood of their health having a 1% significant change from a lower health category to a higher health category by 27%. In other words, high standard housing condition guarantees protection against communicable diseases, protection against injury, poisoning, and chronic diseases, and reduce psychological and social stress to a minimum. This study recommends that the local governments should provide a variety of housing alternatives with regards to tenancy and payment, such as short-term rental, long-term lease, cohousing, and financed purchase. This will help remedy the problem of availability and affordability thus curbing the problem of housing inequality in Cameroon. Secondly, the government could ensure a free access to medical facilities. If the majority of the population have sponsored health expenses from the government, this will curb even the health inequalities among the poor and non-poor. Keywords: Housing quality, Environmental housing components, Internal housing Components, Physical Housing indicators, Self-Reported Health Status DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-10-02 Publication date:May 31st 202
