1,721,178 research outputs found
Tumor-associated macrophages as a prototypic type II polarized phagicyte population: role in tumor progression
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Tumour-associated macrophages are a distinct M2 polarised population promoting tumour progression: potential targets of anti-cancer therapy
No full textChemokines and chemokine receptors during activation and deactivation of monocytes and dendritic cells and in amplification of Th1 versus Th2 responses
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Chemokines mRNA expression in relation to the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF) mRNA and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in the microenvironment of endometrial cancer tissue and normal endometrium: A pilot study
No full textTumor microenvironment inflammatory cells play a major role in cancer progression. Among these, the Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) infiltration depends on the kind of chemokine, cytokines and growth factors secreted by the tumor cells and by the stroma in response to the cancer invasion.TAMs have been found to promote anti-tumor response in early stages and to stimulate neovascularization and metastases in advanced disease. In the microenvironment chemo-attractants of many human cancers, MIF and VEGF correlate with an increased TAMs recruitment. In addition, MIF enhances tumor cells metastases by modulating the immune responses and by promoting the angiogenesis related to VEGF. On the contrary the inhibition of MIF can lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Some chemokines (e.g. CXCL12, CXCL11, CXCL8) and their receptors, thanks to their ability to modulate migration and proliferation, are involved in the angiogenetic process.In this study we compared the expression of MIF mRNA with VEGF mRNA expression and with mRNA expression of other chemokines related to neo-angiogenesis, such as CXCL12, CXCL11, CXCL8 and CXCR4, in human endometrial cancer tissue (EC) and normal endometrium (NE).Fresh samples of EC tissue and NE were extracted from 15 patients with FIGO stage I-III undergoing primary surgery. Some of the tissue was sent for histology and part of it was treated with RNA later and stored at -80. °C.Four patients dropped out. A significant up-regulation of MIF mRNA in EC tissue versus NE samples ( P=. 0.01) was observed in all 11 patients. The MIF mRNA over-expression was coincident with a VEGF mRNA overexpression in 54% of patients ( P=. NS). MIF mRNA was inversely related to CXCL12 mRNA expression ( P=. 0.01).MIF over-expression was significantly related to low grading G1-2 ( P=. 0.01), endometrial type I ( P=. 0.05), no lymphovascular spaces invasion ( P=. 0.01) and 3. years DFS ( P=. 0.01).As reported in previous studies on patients with breast cancer, our data suggest that the up-regulation of MIF in patients with endometrial cancer might be related to the inhibition of distant and lymphatic spread. © 2013
Molecular mechanisms of perineural invasion, a forgotten pathway of dissemination and metastasis
No full textInvasion and metastasis are key components of cancer progression. Inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, can facilitate tumor dissemination. A distinct and largely forgotten path is perineural invasion (PNI), defined as the presence of cancer cells in the perinerium space. PNI is frequently used by many human carcinomas, in particular by pancreas and prostate cancer, and is associated with tumor recurrence and pain in advanced patients. Neurotrophic factors have been identified as molecular determinants of PNI. A role for chemokines in this process has been proposed; the chemokine CX3CL1/Fractalkine attracts receptor positive pancreatic tumor cells to disseminate along peripheral nerves. Better understanding of the neurotropism of malignant cells and of the clinical significance of PNI would help the design of innovative strategies for the control of tumor dissemination and pain in cancer patients. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
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