29 research outputs found
Immunogenetic Role of IL17A Polymorphism in the Pathogenesis of Recurrent Miscarriage
No full textInterleukin-17A (IL17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine and is assumed to play an important role in fetal rejection. In order to evaluate the potential role of IL17A polymorphism in the pathogenesis of recurrent miscarriage (RM), serum IL17A levels were estimated by ELISA. Single-nucleotide polymorphism was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using gene-specific primers and the EcoNI restriction enzyme. Serum IL17A levels were nonsignificantly (p \u3e 0.5) low in RM patients compared with the control group. IL17A gene amplification by PCR yielded the undigested product of 815 bp, and its digestion with EcoNI enzyme produced 815, 529, 286, and 270 bp fragments for the GG genotype; 529, 286, and 270 bp fragments for the GA genotype; and 529 and 286 bp fragments for the AA genotype. The genotype frequency between the RM and control groups exhibited a significant difference (p = 0.001), whereas no significant difference was observed between allele frequencies in the two groups (p = 0.0954). These data suggest that the IL17A gene polymorphism exhibits no significant effect on IL17A gene expression. However, it significantly decreases and increases RM risk in the homozygous and recessive models, suggesting its potential pregnancy-protecting and -harming roles in the AA and GA + GG genotypes, respectively
Amelioration of the cyclophosphamide induced genotoxic damage in mice by the ethanolic extract of Equisetum arvense
No full textIn the present study, we evaluated the potential of the plant E. arvense against the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects induced by cyclophosphamide (chemotherapeutic agent) in the bone marrow cells of mice using the Chromosome assay (CA) and Mitotic index (MI) in vivo as the biomarkers. The study was performed following 3 protocols: pre-treatment, simultaneous treatment and post-treatment with the ethanolic extract of the plant. The results demonstrated that the plant extract was not cytotoxic and mutagenic and has a protective effect against the mutagenicity induced by cyclophosphamide in pre, simultaneous and post treatments and against its cytotoxicity as well. Because of its ability to prevent chromosomal damage, E. arvense is likely to open an interesting field concerning its possible use in clinical applications, most importantly in cancer as a chemopreventive agent or even as a coadjuvant to chemotherapy to reduce the side effects associated with it. Keywords: Equisetum arvense, Antimutagenicity, Chromosomal aberration assay, Mitotic index, GCâMS analysi
Environmental Phthalate Exposure in Relation to Reproduction Outcomes and Health Endpoints
No full textNIDIFICATION RECORD OF HIMALAYAN MONAL Lophophorus impejanus, IN GULMARG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY, J & K, INDIA
No full textWe studied the breeding biology of Himalayan Monal in the 09 sampling sites of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu and Kashmir from March 2017 to June 2019.Himalayan monal Lophophorus impejanus is a bird in the Phasianidae family of Galliformes order. Prior to this study, there was no data on the breeding biology of Himalayan monal in Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary, Jammu and Kashmir, India.The mean group size was found to be 3.54±1.80 and the sex ratio was found to be female skewed 12:16.Breeding season of Himalayan monal starts in April and it was observed just in the commencement of April, male monal was showing strong courtship display and aggression towards other males. According to the observations,ten nests were observed with only seven nests occupied by Himalayan monal. The eggs found in the nests were oval in shape, dull white with reddish brown spots and paler appearance.The clutch size ranged between 2 to 5 which showed strong positive correlation with the depth of nest cavity. The depth of nest cavity and clutch size were statistically significant (P =0.001).Incubation period was recorded to be 27-29 days. The outcome of this study would also draw attention to the hotspot areas significant in terms of conservation of pheasant species. This study would come out with area specific problems for pheasant species conservation
BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OVARIES AND CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL INDICES DURING OVARIAN MATURATION IN Schizothorax niger FROM DAL LAKE, KASHMIR
No full textHistological and biochemical studies were conducted on the changes occurring in the ovaries of Schizothorax niger in Dal lake, Jammu and Kashmir from March 2018 to February 2019. This study was aimed to identify ovarian maturation stages histologically and to correlate them with their breeding period, organo-somatic indices and changes in the biochemical composition of the ovary. A total of 120 fish specimens taken were within the range of 24 cm to 43 cm in total length and weight ranging from 115 g to 510 g. Gonadal samples were taken and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin and were studied under light microscope. Different stages of oocyte development were surveyed and thus, the oocytes identified included primary oocytes, cortical-alveoli oocytes, vitellogenic oocytes, mature oocytes and atretic oocytes. On the basis of presence of different oocytes, five different types of maturity phases were observed which include: Immature, maturing, mature, ripe and spent. During the experimental period, the mean gonadosomatic and hepatosomatic indices in fish exhibited remarkable variation throughout different maturity phases. Maximum gonadosomatic index (15.50 ± 0.75%) and minimum hepatosomatic index (1.87 ± 0.05%) were observed in the month of March indicating peak spawning period for Schizothorax niger. A significant inverse relationship between GSI and HSI was recorded. The single peak in gonadosomatic index during spawning phase (March) reflected that the fish is a spring spawner and an annual breeder. Ovarian biochemical study showed that the lipid (13.36 ± 0.18%) and protein (14.17 ± 0.24%) percentage were highest in spawning phase of ovary, while same were lowest in immature phase. Moisture was found highest (78.12 ± 0.64%) in immature phase and ash was found highest (2.41 ± 0.21%) in mature phase. The results revealed an inverse relationship between moisture and lipid irrespective of their maturity phases. It was concluded that by knowing the accurate breeding season and biochemical changes in ovaries with the progress of maturation we can protect this declining species in natural water bodies by artificial breeding and by formulating the nutrient-rich feed according to the requirement of ovaries at the appropriate phase of reproductive development
Purification and Characterization of Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis Somatic Antigens Collected from Naturally Infected Local Fish Schizothorax
No full textAbstract: The present investigation deals with the fish intestinal parasite Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis isolated from local fish species Schizothorax. The host fish were collected from two study sites viz the Dal Lake and the River Jhelum, Srinagar, India. The Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis were subjected to immunological studies, especially to reveal the nature of their somatic antigens. The nature of somatic antigens was studied by affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE and their antigenic properties were also confirmed by Ouchterlony double diffusion test (ODD). A total of 363 fish specimens were collected and out of which 94 specimens were found to harbor the Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis constituting an overall prevalence of 25.89%. SDS-PAGE of partially purified somatic antigens of Pomphorhynchus kashmirensis through affinity chromatography resolved into five prominent polypeptides of molecular weight ranging from 29-66 kDa by using the known molecular weight marker. Furthermore, the antigenicity of the purified antigens was confirmed in ODD against hyper immune sera raised in rabbit and with homogenous immune sera of naturally infected fish. Only one precipitation arch was formed against hyper immune sera and many precipitation arches were formed against homogenous immune sera
ALLELE FREQUENCY OF ABO AND RHESUS (Rh D) BLOOD GROUP SYSTEM AMONG THE ETHNIC STUDENTS OF LADAKH, INDIA
No full textThe ABO and Rhesus (Rh D) blood groups are the most important blood group systems among the long list of several other blood groups discovered so far. ABO and Rh D blood groups are antigenic and hereditary in nature. These blood groups are useful in the studies of population genetic to resolve medico-legal issues and more importantly the immunologic safety of blood during a transfusion. The ABO and Rh D blood groups vary globally and are not found in equal numbers among ethnic groups. The study area chosen was based on the fact that the schools enrolled students belong from all sections of the society. The blood tests were done among students after taking proper consent. The main purpose of this study was to determine the allele frequency of ABO and Rh D blood group among school students. The study found that the overall ABO allele frequency of Ia allele (p) was 0.177, Ib allele (q) 0.327 and Io allele (r) 0.494. The allele frequency of Rh factor was ID (v) (0.731) and Id (u) 0.269. This study also found that the phenotypic prevalence of blood group B was highest with the percentage of 33.7 followed by blood group A (30.4%), O (24.5%) and AB (11.25). The percentage of Rh positive was 92.71% and that of Rh negative was found to be 7.28% only
DETERMINATION OF SOME COMMONLY USED ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES IN HOSPITAL EFFLUENTS OF KASHMIR VALLEY
No full textLarge quantities of antibiotics are being used in hospitals for the treatment of human diseases and they are the primary sites of administering antibiotics into the environment. The study aimed to survey a total of five commonly used antibiotics based on SPE- LC-MS-MS technology for the out coming effluent at four hospitals of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Samples were taken from the main sewers of the hospital where the effluent meets the natural environment. A total of 12 samples (3 from each hospital) and were mixed together to form only 4 composite samples for identifying the presence of antibiotic residues and the samples were named as SKIMS, SMHS, LD AND JLNM. Due to continuous release of the antibiotics from hospitals into the environment, the main aim of the study was to determine the presence of antibiotics in the hospital effluent by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) technique. The results indicated that 95% of the samples contained residues of at least one of the investigated antibiotics. The results showed that amikacin was found in all the four samples, whereas, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin were observed in three, two and two samples, respectively. Pollution of water bodies by antibiotic utilization in hospitals has deleterious consequences on human health and environment
