12 research outputs found
Knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding infection prevention and control among medical students: a call for educational intervention
No full textAwab Ali Ibrahim,1 Sittana Shamseldin Elshafie,2 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, 2Aspetar, Laboratory Department, Qatar Orthopedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar Background: Medical students can be exposed to serious health care-associated infections, if they are not following infection prevention and control (IPC) measures. There is limited information regarding the knowledge, awareness, and practices of medical students regarding IPC and the educational approaches used to teach them these practices. Aim: To evaluate the knowledge, awareness, and attitude of medical students toward IPC guidelines, and the learning approaches to help improve their knowledge. Methods: A cross-sectional, interview-based survey included 73 medical students from Weill Cornell Medical College, Qatar. Students completed a questionnaire concerning awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding IPC practices. Students’ knowledge was assessed by their correct answers to the survey questions. Findings: A total of 48.44% of the respondents were aware of standard isolation precautions, 61.90% were satisfied with their training in IPC, 66.13% were exposed to hand hygiene training, while 85.48% had sufficient knowledge about hand hygiene and practiced it on a routine basis, but only 33.87% knew the duration of the hand hygiene procedure. Conclusion: Knowledge, attitude, and awareness of IPC measures among Weill Cornell Medical Students in Qatar were found to be inadequate. Multifaceted training programs may have to target newly graduated medical practitioners or the training has to be included in the graduate medical curriculum to enable them to adopt and adhere to IPC guidelines. Keywords: infection prevention, education, medical student
Does consanguinity lead to decreased incidence of breast cancer?
No full textBackground In the Middle East region, consanguinity remains to be a central feature where it has shown an increasing trend Breast cancer is an extremely complex disease, characterized by a progressive multistep process caused by interactions of both environmental and genetic factors AIM The aim of this study was to examine the possible effect of consanguinity on the risk of breast cancer in a population with a high rate of consanguinity and find the associated risk-modifying factors Subjects and methods The study included 167 Qatari and other Arab expatriates women with breast cancer and 341 age and ethnicity matched control women A questionnaire that included the socio-demographic information, type of consanguinity, medical history, life style habits, dietary intake and tumor grade was designed to collect, the information of cases and controls A total number of 214 breast cancer patients were approached and 167 cases completed the questionnaires with a response rate of 78% Of the 417 healthy women who agreed to participate in this study. 341 responded to the questionnaire (81 8%) Results The study revealed that the rate of parental consanguinity was lower in breast cancer patients (24%) than in controls (32 3%) (p = 0 062) Female controls were slightly younger (46 5 +/- 11 9) than breast cancer patients (48 4 +/- 10.7) Breast cancer incidence was significantly higher in Qatari women (34 1%) compared to other Arab women (65 9%) (p = 0 034) A significant difference was noted only in occupation of the studied women between cases and controls (p < 0 001) Overweight (46 7%) and obesity (32 9%) were significantly higher in female breast cancer patients compared to controls (p = 0 028) Overall, the mean coefficient of consanguinity was lower in breast cancer patients (0 014) than in controls (0 018) (p = 0 0125) Family history of breast cancer was significantly more often in breast cancer patients (14 4%) than in controls (6 2%) (p = 0 002) However, the family history of breast cancer was more often positive in cases of non-consanguineous parents (15 7%) than cases of consanguineous parents (10 0%) Conclusion The present study revealed the lack of association between of breast cancer and the parental consanguinity in Arab women residing in Qatar The family history of breast cancer and the body mass index (BMI) are highly associated with breast cancer (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserve
A Worldwide Map of Plasmodium falciparum K13-Propeller Polymorphisms
No full textThe authors’ full names and academic degrees are as follows: Didier Ménard, Ph.D., Nimol Khim, Ph.D., Johann Beghain, M.Sc.,
Ayola A. Adegnika, M.D., Ph.D., Mohammad Shafiul-Alam, Ph.D., Olukemi Amodu, Ph.D., Ghulam Rahim-Awab, Ph.D., Céline Barnadas,
Ph.D., Antoine Berry, M.D., Ph.D., Yap Boum, Ph.D., Maria D. Bustos, M.D., Ph.D., Jun Cao, Ph.D., Jun-Hu Chen, Ph.D., Louis
Collet, M.D., Liwang Cui, Ph.D., Garib-Das Thakur, M.D., Alioune Dieye, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Djibrine Djallé, M.Sc., Monique A. Dorkenoo,
M.D., Carole E. Eboumbou-Moukoko, Ph.D., Fe-Esperanza-Caridad J. Espino, M.D., Ph.D., Thierry Fandeur, Ph.D., Maria-Fatima
Ferreira-da-Cruz, Ph.D., Abebe A. Fola, M.Sc., Hans-Peter Fuehrer, Ph.D., Abdillahi M. Hassan, B.Sc., Socrates Herrera, M.D., Bouasy
Hongvanthong, M.D., Sandrine Houzé, M.D., Ph.D., Maman L. Ibrahim, M.V.D., Ph.D., Mohammad Jahirul-Karim, M.B., B.S., Lubin
Jiang, Ph.D., Shigeyuki Kano, M.D., Ph.D., Wasif Ali-Khan, M.B., B.S., Maniphone Khanthavong, M.D., Peter G. Kremsner, M.D.,
Marcus Lacerda, M.D., Ph.D., Rithea Leang, M.D., Mindy Leelawong, Ph.D., Mei Li, Ph.D., Khin Lin, M.D., Jean-Baptiste Mazarati,
Ph.D., Sandie Ménard, M.Sc., Isabelle Morlais, Ph.D., Hypolite Muhindo-Mavoko, M.D., Lise Musset, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Kesara
Na-Bangchang, Ph.D., Michael Nambozi, M.P.H., Karamoko Niaré, Pharm.D., Harald Noedl, M.D., Ph.D., Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo,
M.D., Ph.D., Dylan R. Pillai, M.D., Ph.D., Bruno Pradines, Pharm.D., Ph.D., Bui Quang-Phuc, M.D., Michael Ramharter, M.D.,
D.T.M.H., Milijaona Randrianarivelojosia, Ph.D., Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Ph.D., Abdiqani Sheikh-Omar, M.D., Kigbafori D. Silué, Ph.D., Sodiomon B. Sirima, M.D., Ph.D., Colin Sutherland, Ph.D., M.P.H., Din Syafruddin, M.D., Ph.D., Rachida Tahar, Ph.D., Lin-Hua
Tang, M.D., Ph.D., Offianan A. Touré, Ph.D., Patrick Tshibangu-wa-Tshibangu, M.D., Inès Vigan-Womas, Ph.D., Marian Warsame, M.D.,
Ph.D., Lyndes Wini, M.B., B.S., Sedigheh Zakeri, Ph.D., Saorin Kim, B.S., Rotha Eam, B.S., Laura Berne, M.Sc., Chanra Khean, B.S., Sophy
Chy, B.S., Malen Ken, B.S., Kaknika Loch, B.S., Lydie Canier, M.Sc., Valentine Duru, M.Sc., Eric Legrand, Ph.D., Jean-Christophe Barale,
Ph.D., Barbara Stokes, B.Sc., Judith Straimer, Ph.D., Benoit Witkowski, Ph.D., David A. Fidock, Ph.D., Christophe Rogier, M.D., Ph.D.,
Pascal Ringwald, M.D., Frederic Ariey, M.D., Ph.D., and Odile Mercereau-Puijalon, Ph.D.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil.BACKGROUND
Recent gains in reducing the global burden of malaria are threatened by the emergence of
Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinins. The discovery that mutations in portions
of a P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)–propeller domains are the major determinant
of resistance has provided opportunities for monitoring such resistance on a global scale.
METHODS
We analyzed the K13-propeller sequence polymorphism in 14,037 samples collected in
59 countries in which malaria is endemic. Most of the samples (84.5%) were obtained
from patients who were treated at sentinel sites used for nationwide surveillance of
antimalarial resistance. We evaluated the emergence and dissemination of mutations
by haplotyping neighboring loci.
RESULTS
We identified 108 nonsynonymous K13 mutations, which showed marked geographic
disparity in their frequency and distribution. In Asia, 36.5% of the K13 mutations were
distributed within two areas — one in Cambodia, Vietnam, and Laos and the other in
western Thailand, Myanmar, and China — with no overlap. In Africa, we observed a
broad array of rare nonsynonymous mutations that were not associated with delayed
parasite clearance. The gene-edited Dd2 transgenic line with the A578S mutation, which
expresses the most frequently observed African allele, was found to be susceptible to
artemisinin in vitro on a ring-stage survival assay.
CONCLUSIONS
No evidence of artemisinin resistance was found outside Southeast Asia and China,
where resistance-associated K13 mutations were confined. The common African A578S
allele was not associated with clinical or in vitro resistance to artemisinin, and many
African mutations appear to be neutral. (Funded by Institut Pasteur Paris and others
Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAbstract
Background
In recent years, several hundred autism spectrum disorder (ASD) implicated genes have been discovered impacting a wide range of molecular pathways. However, the molecular underpinning of ASD, particularly from the point of view of ‘brain to behaviour’ pathogenic mechanisms, remains largely unknown.
Methods
We undertook a study to investigate patterns of spatiotemporal and cell type expression of ASD-implicated genes by integrating large-scale brain single-cell transcriptomes (> million cells) and de novo loss-of-function (LOF) ASD variants (impacting 852 genes from 40,122 cases).
Results
We identified multiple single-cell clusters from three distinct developmental human brain regions (anterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus and primary visual cortex) that evidenced high evolutionary constraint through enrichment for brain critical exons and high pLI genes. These clusters also showed significant enrichment with ASD loss-of-function variant genes (p < 5.23 × 10–11) that are transcriptionally highly active in prenatal brain regions (visual cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Mapping ASD de novo LOF variant genes into large-scale human and mouse brain single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrate enrichment of such genes into neuronal subtypes and are also enriched for subtype of non-neuronal glial cell types (astrocyte, p < 6.40 × 10–11, oligodendrocyte, p < 1.31 × 10–09).
Conclusion
Among the ASD genes enriched with pathogenic de novo LOF variants (i.e. KANK1, PLXNB1), a subgroup has restricted transcriptional regulation in non-neuronal cell types that are evolutionarily conserved. This association strongly suggests the involvement of subtype of non-neuronal glial cells in the pathogenesis of ASD and the need to explore other biological pathways for this disorder
Additional file 3 of Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAdditional file 3. Supplementary Tables - 4, 10, 13, 14, 17, 18, 1
Additional file 4 of Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAdditional file 4. Supplementary Tables - 7, 8, 9, 11, 12
Additional file 1 of Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAdditional file 1. Additional methods, dataset availability, Supplementary Figures, 1-27
Additional file 5 of Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAdditional file 5. Supplementary Table - 15
Additional file 6 of Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAdditional file 6. Supplementary Table - 16
Additional file 2 of Single-cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss-of-function variants regulating glial cells
No full textAdditional file 2. Supplementary Tables - 1, 2, 3, 5, 6
