1,956 research outputs found
From the Editor-in-Chief: Changes to Enhance the Author Experience
No full textJMBE Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Samantha Elliott, thanks past volunteers for their efforts and discusses several new author enhancements related to the recently expanded scope, including video tutorials, a self-assessment tool, and a thematic issue
From Osteoclast Differentiation to Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Molecular and Clinical Insights
Get PDFBone physiology relies on the delicate balance between resorption and formation of its tissue. Bone resorption depends on a process called osteoclastogenesis in which bone-resorbing cells, i.e., osteoclasts, are produced by the differentiation of more undifferentiated progenitors and precursors. This process is governed by two main factors, monocyte-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL). While the former exerts a proliferating effect on progenitors/precursors, the latter triggers a differentiation effect on more mature cells of the same lineage. Bone homeostasis requires a perfect space–time coordination of the involved signals. When osteoclastogenesis is poorly balanced with the differentiation of the bone forming counterparts, i.e., osteoblasts, physiological bone remodelling can turn into a pathological state, causing the systematic disruption of bone tissue which results in osteopenia or osteolysis. Examples of these conditions are represented by osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, bone metastasis, and multiple myeloma. Therefore, drugs targeting osteoclastogenesis, such as bisphosphonates and an anti-RANKL monoclonal antibody, have been developed and are currently used in the treatment of such diseases. Despite their demonstrated therapeutic efficacy, these agents are unfortunately not devoid of side effects. In this regard, a condition called osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been recently correlated with anti-resorptive therapy. In this review we will address the involvement of osteoclasts and osteoclast-related factors in the pathogenesis of ONJ. It is to be hoped that a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying bone remodelling will help in the design a medical therapeutic approach for ONJ as an alternative to surgical procedures
Death Writes: Microbursts & The Clearing: a discussion on text, subject and craft with Elizabeth Reeder and Amanda Thomson - collaborators on microbursts and with Samantha Clark author of The Clearing
No full textDeath Writes is part of the University of Glasgow's interdisciplinary Arts-Lab, Reading and Writing Death and Dying.
Elizabeth Reeder, Amanda Thomson (collaborators on Microbursts) and Samantha Clark (author of The Clearing) will read and talk about their books and the writing, design and editorial processes they underwent. Both books deal with the intense time of being within parental illness, and consider experiences of illness, mental health, parental death, and various types of grief in ways that weave through and utilise artistic and multi-modal processes
Laboratory Exercises for Weather and Climate: Open Education Resource
Get PDFOER textbook created for PHS 111 by Samantha Langton, PhD.NASUNY DutchessPhysical Sciences, Engineering & TechnologyN/
198 - Samantha Mosier
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Using pre-commercial thinnings in pine plantations has the potential to deliver sustainable biofuels. However, the removal of biomass from these plantations could reduce C inputs belowground and overall C storage. This study analyzes soil C and N stocks to estimate stock changes, as a function of soil type and different management systems. Soil cores were taken from 12 different southern pine plantations, representing 4 different soil types. Each site had 2 silvicultural regimes across 3 levels of pre-commercial thinning. Soils were separated into meaningful fractions to understand how much soil organic matter is bioavailable and how much is stabilized
Elaborative feedback: Engaging reward and task-relevant brain regions promotes learning in pseudoword reading aloud
No full textAlthough much is known about the cognitive and neural basis of establishing letter-sound mappings in learning word forms, relatively little is known about what makes for the most effective feedback during this process. We sought to determine the neural basis by which elaborative feedback (EF), which contains both reward-related and content-specific information, may be more helpful than feedback containing only one kind of information (simple positive feedback, PF) or the other (content feedback, CF) in learning orthography-phonology (spelling-sound) mappings for novel letter strings. Compared to CF, EF activated the ven- tromedial prefrontal cortex, implicated in reward processing. Compared to PF, EF activated the posterior middle temporal, superior temporal, and supramarginal gyri—regions implicated in orthography-phonology conversion. In the same comparison, EF also activated the left fusiform gyrus/visual word form area—implicated in orthographic processing. Also EF, but not CF or PF, modulated activity in the caudate nucleus. In a postscan questionnaire, EF and PF were rated as more pleasant than CF, suggesting that modulation of the caudate for EF may be due to the coupling of reward and skill content. These findings suggest the enhanced effectiveness of EF may be due to concurrent activation of reward-related and task-relevant brain regions.Peer reviewe
Reversing the Standard Neural Signature of the Word–Nonword Distinction
No full textThe distinction between letter strings that form words and those that look and sound plausible but are not meaningful is a basic one. Decades of functional neuroimaging experiments have used this distinction to isolate the neural basis of lexical (word-level) semantics, associated with areas such as the middle temporal, angular, and posterior cingulate gyri that overlap the default-mode network. In two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments, a different set of findings emerged when word stimuli were used that were less familiar (measured by word frequency) than those typically used. Instead of activating default-mode network areas often associated with semantic processing, words activated task-positive areas such as the inferior prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area, along with multi-functional ventral occipito-temporal cortices related to reading, while nonwords activated default-mode areas previously associated with semantics. Effective connectivity analyses of fMRI data on less familiar words showed activation driven by task-positive and multi-functional reading-related areas, while highly familiar words showed bottom-up activation flow from occipito-temporal cortex. These findings suggest functional neuroimaging correlates of semantic processing are less stable than previously assumed, with factors such as word frequency influencing the balance between task-positive, reading-related, and default-mode networks. More generally, this suggests results of contrasts typically interpreted in terms of semantic content may be more influenced by factors related to task difficulty than is widely appreciated.Peer reviewed"© 2016 Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Expose your transoms
No full textwritten by Samantha Gordon.Title from PDF caption (viewed on May 26, 2020)."Tips, Ideas & More to Help Preserve Oregon's Heritage."This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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