6,711 research outputs found
What Led Jesus to be Called the Son of God? An Historical Investigation of how an Appellation of Alexander the Great and of the Roman Emperors came to be used of Jesus.
No full textAbstract of a Master of Letters Degree, Durham University
The Reverend Canon William Ernest Lionel Broad M.A., Durham University
By 100 CE the principal appellation of Jesus of Nazareth had become ’Son of God’; a title of such importance to his followers that one of their principle activities for the succeeding 350 years was to define its meaning. Yet this dissertation maintains that widespread belief that the title originates in the Hebrew Scriptures is misplaced. Investigation of Jewish literature leads to the discovery that the title ‘Son of God’ was seldom used in it and never in such a way as to justify it becoming Jesus’ most significant appellation. The aim of my thesis is to examine where else in the ancient world the appellation ‘Son of God’ was used, and, when it was used, to see if it could provide the basis for describing Jesus by this title. The objective of the dissertation is to establish that the use of this title by Greeks and Romans provided the model for Jesus of Nazareth to be called ‘Son of God’.
Chapter 1 examines the religions of Persia, Egypt and Greece and finds that, in the world of mythology, Greek heroes were born as a result of intercourse between a god and a human being and were called sons of the gods. Chapter 2 examines the career of Alexander the Great and especially his visit to the shrine at Siwa and finds that he was there proclaimed a son of god. It establishes that this proclamation transformed the appellation ‘Son of God’ from a mythological to a historical title and led to Alexander’s deification. Chapter 3 examines the Hebrew Scriptures and other Jewish literature with the results described above. Chapter 4 examines the use of the title ‘Son of God’ in the New Testament and discusses the development of this title in the unfolding history of the first century church. It finds that the title was first used of Jesus in Greece during Paul’s ministry to the gentiles and that it provided the motif for Mark’s Gospel. Chapter 5 assesses the use of ‘Son of God’ in post apostolic literature and establishes that, though this literature shows a development of the appellation, it provides no further clue as to it origin. Chapter 6 investigates the effect that the titling of Augustus and subsequent Roman emperors as sons of god had on the way Jesus was portrayed by the evangelists. In particular, it finds that Augustus, originally called a ‘Son of God’ because his father was deified on his death, is portrayed as a figure of such excellence that he was deified during his lifetime.
Chapter 7 concludes the thesis. It shows that Alexander, a person whose historical doings more than justified his being described as ‘the Great’ and who was surrounded by fabulous legends, provided a precedent for a human being to be called a ‘Son of God’ and hence for Jesus of Nazareth to be so described. It indicates how events at Siwa were a precursor of the baptism of Jesus, how one of the temptations was clearly modelled on Alexander’s experiences at Siwa and how Jesus’ reported age at his crucifixion was perhaps chosen because it was Alexander’s age when he died. It also shows how the widespread titling of Roman emperors as sons of gods seriously influenced the way Jesus was perceived as ‘Son of God’. Three appendices examine the birth stories of Alexander, the Messiah as ‘Son of God and some of the titles of Augustus that are relevant to the thesis
Reading in the mobile era
No full textMobile technology can advance literacy and learning in underserved communities around the world.
Summary
Millions of people do not read for one reason: they do not have access to text. But today mobile phones and cellular networks are transforming a scarce resource into an abundant one.
Drawing on the analysis of over 4,000 surveys collected in seven developing countries and corresponding qualitative interviews, this report paints the most detailed picture to date of who reads books and stories on mobile devices and why.
The findings illuminate, for the first time, the habits, beliefs and profiles of mobile readers. This information points to strategies to expand mobile reading and, by extension, the educational, social and economic benefits associated with increased reading.
Mobile technology can advance literacy and learning in underserved communities around the world. This report shows how
Download\Read Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) Full AudioBook
No full textRead Or Download Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) Full Books By by L. G. Wade Jr (Author)
Read Online => Read Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Download Book => Download Organic Chemistry (8th Edition)
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) pdf download
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) read online
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) epub
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) vk
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) pdf
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) amazon
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) free download pdf
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) pdf free
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) pdf
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) epub download
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) online
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) epub download
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) epub vk
Organic Chemistry (8th Edition) mobi
#downloadbook #book #readonline #readbookonline #ebookcollection #ebookdownload #pdf #ebook #epub #kindl
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
The achievement gap: comparing children's reading trend lines by socioeconomic status over time
No full textIncludes bibliographical references
Alexander L. Bertier-Delagard – a cartographer
No full textOn the basis of documentary materials from the funds of the Central
Museum of Tavrida, this study is intended to highlight the activities of the famous
Crimean scientist Alexander L. Bertier-Delagard on the history of mapping of the
Crimea and southern Russia. This topic has not been covered in historiography by
anyone, although the heritage of a scientist in various areas of history and culture
is actively and fruitfully studied today. In addition, the topic on the history of
cartography of the Crimean peninsula itself is little developed today, and Bertier
Delagard was one of the fi rst to develop this topic. The activity of a scientist in this
direction is studied in two directions: fi rst of all, Berthier-Delagard is considered
as the largest collector of maps of the Crimean peninsula and southern Russia in
the early 20th century. Secondly, the scientifi c developments of the scientist on the
topic of the history of mapping the Crimean peninsula from Homer’s times to the
18th century are being reconstructed. The uniqueness of his personal collection
of cards is obvious (the number is about 700 units, unique copies, and thematic
selection). A serious study on the topic was a report read out by Alexander L.
Bertier-Delagard in Yalta Technical Society. The preparatory materials for this
report are kept in the collections of the Central Museum of Tavrida. The draft
provides the scientist with an idea of the main stages in the history of mapping
the Northern Black Sea region, a characteristic of the stages, and the history of the
mapping of the Northern Black Sea region as part of the development of mapping
in the European region
Designing role-based view for object-relational databases
No full textIn a federated database system, a view mechanism is crucial since it is used to define exportable subsets of data ; to perform a virtual restructuring d ataset; and to construct the integrated schema. The view service in federated databa se systems must be capable of retaining as much semantic information as possible. The object-oriented ( 0 - 0 ) model was considered the suitable canonical data model since it meets the original criteria for canonical model selection. However, with the emergence of stronger object-relational (0 -R ) model, the re is a clear argument for using an 0 - R canonical model in the federation. Hence, research should now focus on th e development of semantically powerful view mechanism for th e newer model. Meanwhile, the availability of real 0 -R technologies offers researchers the opportunity to develop different forms of view mechanisms.
The concept of roles has been widely studied in 0 - 0 modelling and development. The role model represents some characteristics that the traditional 0-0 model lacked, such as object migration, multiple occurrences and context-dependent access. While many forms of 0-0 views were designed for the 0-0 canonical model, one option was to extend the 0-0 model to incorporate a role model. In a role model, the real entity is modelled in the form of a role rather than an object. An object represents the permanent properties of an entity is a root object; and an object represents the temporary properties of an entity is a role object.
The contribution of this research is to design a view system that employees the concept of roles for the 0 -R canonical model in a federated database system. In this thesis, an examination of the current 0 -R metamodel is provided first in order to provide an environment for recognising the roleview metadata and measuring the view performance; then a Roleview Definition Language (RDL) is introduced, along with the semantics for defining virtual classes and generating virtua l extents; finally, a working prototype is provided to prove th e role-based view system is implementable and the syntax is semantically correct
Percentage of unique sub-sequences (U) for varying read length (l), the solid line shows uniqueness in the whole human genome, the dashed line shows uniqueness in human chromosome 1
No full text<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "An analysis of the feasibility of short read sequencing"</p><p>Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(19):e171-e171.</p><p>Published online 7 Nov 2005</p><p>PMCID:PMC1278949.</p><p>© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved</p>
(a) Percentage of unique sub-sequences (U) for varying read length (l), the solid line shows uniqueness in the whole human genome, the dashed line shows uniqueness in human chromosome 1. (b) Percentage of human chromosome 1 covered by contigs greater than a threshold length as a function of read length. The horizontal axis starts at 18 nt, due to the limitations of reassembly below this length
Primary school teachers' knowledge of phonemic awareness and its importance as a factor in learning to read
No full textThe purpose of this research was to gain an understanding of the knowledge that teachers in New Zealand primary school classrooms have in regard to phonemic awareness, their understanding of its importance as a factor in learning to read, and the methods they use to assess and teach it. International assessments continue to highlight an unacceptably large gap in reading achievement between good and poor readers in New Zealand primary schools (Mullis, Martin, Foy, & Drucker, 2012; Tunmer, Chapman, Greaney, Prochnow, & Arrow, 2013a). Up to 20% of children in New Zealand primary school classrooms are struggling to learn to read (Education and Science Committee, 2001, 2008; Education Review Office, 2005). Research shows that explicit instruction in phonemic awareness will help children struggling with reading to learn to read (Ehri et al., 2001; Hatcher, Hulme, & Snowling, 2004; Nicholson, 2003; Pressley, 2006; Ryder, Tunmer, & Greaney, 2008; Strattman & Hodson, 2005; Torgesen et al., 2001). Teachers’ knowledge of phonemic awareness becomes important in the context of providing this explicit instruction.
An online survey was used to assess 68 in-service teachers’ knowledge of phonemic awareness. Four semi-structured interviews were also conducted which allowed the survey findings to be investigated further in four local contexts to add depth to the researcher’s understanding. Results revealed that participants struggled to define phonemic awareness, and did not understand the differences between phonemic awareness, phonological awareness, and phonics. Participants found some tasks more difficult than others, in particular phoneme counting and phoneme identity. There were also discrepancies between the participants’ perceived knowledge and their actual knowledge. Participants tended to overestimate their actual knowledge, perceiving themselves as more knowledgeable with regard to phonemic awareness than they actually were. Phonemic awareness did not appear to be regularly assessed nor explicitly taught in most of the participants’ classrooms. The findings suggest that the teachers who participated in this study did not typically have the knowledge of phonemic awareness needed to be able to provide the explicit instruction in phonemic awareness children struggling to learn to read need in order to become successful readers
Author Correction: Markerless tracking of an entire honey bee colony (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (1733), 10.1038/s41467-021-21769-1)
No full textThe original version of this Article omitted from the author list the fourth author Alexander S. Mikheyev, who is from the Ecology and Evolution Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan, and the Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. The third author Yoann Portugal has the following additional affiliation: Ecology and Evolution Unit, OIST Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan. The fourth author Alexander S. Mikheyev and the fifth author Greg J. Stephens declare equal contributions. Consequently, the Acknowledgements, which formerly read “We thank Michael Iuzzolino, Dieu My thanh Nguyen, Orit Peleg, and Michael Smith for comments on the manuscript and code testing. This work was supported by the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University”, have been corrected to “We are grateful to Takahashi Ikemiya for maintaining the experimental bee colonies. We thank Michael Iuzzolino, Dieu My Thanh Nguyen, Orit Peleg, and Michael Smith for comments on the manuscript and code testing. This work was supported by the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University. Additional funding was provided by KAKENHI grants 16H06209 and 16KK0175 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science to AM”. Additionally, the Author Contributions, which formerly read “Y.P. performed the bee work and devised the imaging setup, L. H. devised the labeling tool, K.B. performed method development and data analysis, K.B. and G.S. designed the study and wrote the manuscript”, has been corrected to “Y.P. performed the bee work, Y.P. and A.M. devised the imaging setup, L.H. devised the labeling tool, K.B. performed method development and data analysis, K.B., A.M., and G.S. designed the study, K.B. and G.S. wrote the manuscript”. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article. The original version of the Supplementary information associated with this Article contained an error in the description of Supplementary Table 2, which incorrectly read “All imaging data in this study were collected in 2019”. The correct version states “2018” in place of “2019”. The HTML has been updated to include a corrected version of the Supplementary information
- …
