1,721,003 research outputs found

    A new method for probabilistic aftershock risk evaluation of damaged bridges.

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    "A critical issue in the emergency management after the earthquake is the functionality. of the main infrastructure (hospitals, road network, etc.) and the decision on their usability. just after the main shock. At present, a decision is taken on the basis of a structure insitu. inspection; an analytical assessment is in contrast with the lack of time and data. For this. reason in this paper a method that rationally combines information from the analytical approach. and the in situ inspection is proposed. In particular an effective tool to speed-up the. decision making phase concerning the evaluation of the seismic risk of mainshock-damaged. structures due to aftershocks has been proposed. The risk is calculated combining the aftershock. hazard using the Omori law and the fragility curves of the structure calculated using. IDA technique and updated using in-situ inspection data. The procedure has been applied to. a highway r.c. bridge. The results have highlighted a high sensitivity to the Bayesian updating. especially when the damage predicted by the numerical analysis does not correspond to the. real damage. The mean annual rates of collapse provided by the method has shown that the. risk structure change dramatically when an aftershock sequence strike the bridge and this. risk decreases with time allowing the authorities to decide if and when re-open the bridge to. traffic.

    DE SIGN EQUA TIONS FOR THE AS SESS MENT AND FRP– STRENGTH EN ING OF RE IN FORCED RECT AN GU LAR CON CRETE COL UMNS UN DER COM BINED BI AXIAL BEND ING AND AXIAL LOADS

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    A simple procedure is proposed for the assessment of reinforced rectangular concrete columns under combined biaxial bending and axial loads and for the design of a correct amount of FRP-strengthening for underdesigned concrete sections. Approximate closed-form equations are developed based on the load contour method originally proposed by Bresler for reinforced concrete sections. The 3D failure surface is approximated along its contours, at a constant axial load, by means of equations given as the sum of the acting/resisting moment ratio in the directions of principal axes of the sections, raised to a power depending on the axial load, the steel reinforcement ratio, and the section shape. The method is extended to FRP-strengthened sections. Moreover, to make it possible to apply the load contour method in a more practical way, simple closed-form equations are developed for rectangular reinforced concrete sections with a two-way steel reinforcement and FRP strengthenings on each side. A comparison between the approach proposed and the fiber method (which is considered exact) shows that the simplified equations correctly represent the section interaction diagram
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