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Response to ‘Tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate pellets for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children and adolescents: is the rationale of antibiotics use appropriate?’ by Rajnish et al.
No full textNo abstract available
Response to 'Tobramycin-impregnated Calcium Sulfate Pellets for the Treatment of Chronic Osteomyelitis in Children and Adolescents: Is the Rationale of Antibiotics Use Appropriate?' by Rajnish Et Al
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Tobramycin-impregnated calcium sulfate pellets for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis in children and adolescents: is the rationale of antibiotics use appropriate?
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IDENTIFICATION OF A GLYCOPROTEIN INVOLVED IN CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION IN YEAST
No full textThe molecular events of start, the regulatory step that commits yeast cells to DNA replication, have recently begun to be investigated. One of the gene products required for completion of start has been found to have a significant structural homology with oncogenes endowed with protein kinase activity. Our experiments provide data on the biosynthetic pathway of a previously identified labile protein (p100, molecular weight 100,000, isoelectric point of approximatley 4.8-5) involved in cell cycle progression at start, which appears to be specifically made during the release from cell cycle arrest of a temperature-sensitive mutant (cdc25) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On two-dimensional gel, p100 migrates very close to another 100-kDa labile protein (p100*) which behaves as a cell cycle modulated protein with reduced synthesis in G1. Pulse and chase labeling of protein with [35S]methionine suggests that both p100 and p100* are processed to a protein (p115) of slightly higher molecular weight (M(r) = 115,000). Peptide mapping analysis indicates that p100 and p100* yield identical maps and that both p100 and p100* are very much similar to p115. p115 is a glycosylated protein as shown by a labeling experiment with [3H]glucosamine and by the fact that the synthesis of both p100* and p115 is inhibited if cells are cultured in the presence of tunicamycin. A protein having the same heterogeneous aspect of migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and the same apparent molecular weight and isoelectric point of p115 is abundantly present in a prepartion of membranes from S. cerevisiae and the isolated radioactive p115 comigrates with it. Taken together these results favor the idea that terminal glycosylation of both p100 and p100* gives rise to the fully glycosylated p115 protein which appears to be a membrane-associated protein
Structural heterogeneity in populations of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textBud scar analysis integrated with mathematical analysis of DNA and protein distributions obtained by microfluorometry have been used to analyze the cell cycle of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In populations of this yeast growing exponentially in batch at 30°C on different carbon and nitrogen sources with duplication times between 75 and 314 min, the budded period is always shorter (approximately 5 to 10 min) than the sum of the S + G2 + M +G1* phases (determined by the Fried analysis of DNA distributions), and parent cells always show a prereplicative unbudded period. The analysis of protein distributions obtained by flow microfluorometry indicates that the protein level per cell required for bud emergence increases at each new generation of parent cells, as observed previously for cell volume. A wide heterogeneity of cell populations derives from this pattern of budding, since older (and less frequent) parent cells have shorter generation times and produce larger (and with shorter cycle times) daughter cells. A possible molecular mechanism for the observed increase with genealogical age of the critical protein level required for bud emergence is discussed
Identification of a labile protein involved in the G1 to S transition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
No full textThe biochemical nature of the start process that commits budding yeast to DNA synthesis is not known. Kinetic evidence has suggested recently that short-lived protein(s) may have to accumulate to a critical level before the cell cycle may progress towards DNA synthesis and cell division. We investigated by high-reslution two-dimensional electrophoresis whether, in a cdc25-1 mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that had been blocked at the regulatory step called 'start' by growth at a restrictive temperature, short-lived proteins are synthesized during the recovery of growth at a permissive temperature. Of the ~500 proteins resolved by the two-dimensional electrophoresis, 6 were short-lived. Only one of them (M(r) = 100,000 pI ~ 4.8-5) appears to be specifically made during the G1-to-S transition at start. A regulatory role for cell cycle progression in yeast is suggested for this protein, p100
TECNICHE NON INVASIVE DI SUPERFICIE E DI VOLUME PER IL MONITORAGGIO STRUTTURALE DELLE SCULTURE MARMOREE
No full textL’analisi delle proprietà strutturali di una scultura in marmo, attraverso l’impiego di
tecniche di indagine non invasive da realizzare direttamente in situ, è di fondamentale
importanza per la valutazione dello stato di conservazione e, conseguentemente, per il
monitoraggio di eventuali fenomeni di degrado che possono compromettere l’integrità
dell’opera d’arte.
Lo studio condotto sul bassorilievo raffigurante la Madonna con Bambino conservato
presso la Cappella del Monastero delle Clarisse Totus Tuus di Gorizia ha permesso di
verificare la complementarietà delle informazioni restituite da tecniche di analisi della
superficie (acquisizioni in fluorescenza ultravioletta) e tecniche di analisi del volume
(tomografia ultrasonica).
Le indagini in fluorescenza ultravioletta consentono di individuare e differenziare i
materiali (originali, di restauro o di degrado) presenti sulla superficie lapidea. La
tomografia ultrasonica, attraverso la stima delle velocità ultrasoniche caratteristiche del
materiale, permette di ottenere una caratterizzazione strutturale dell’intero volume
dell’opera. Generalmente, tale indagine è associata a un rilievo pacometrico necessario per
rilevare la presenza di perni metallici all'interno dell'opera o nel supporto di ancoraggio,
anche per interpretare eventuali anomalia riscontrate.
Nel caso studio presentato, il modello tomografico ad ultrasuoni ha evidenziato la
presenza di piccole zone ad alta velocità correlabili alla presenza di perni metallici e da
una zona a maggiore degrado che si concentra nella parte inferiore dell’opera. Le indagini
in fluorescenza ultravioletta hanno mostrato la reale estensione della frattura che coinvolge
la porzione inferiore del bassorilievo, verificando il perimetro dell’area caratterizzata da
un maggior degrado ed evidenziata dall’indagine ad ultrasuoni
IMMUNOLOGICAL CROSS-REACTIVITY OF FUNGAL AND YEAST PLASMA-MEMBRANE H-+-ATPASE
No full textThe plasma membrane H+-ATPases from fungi and yeasts have similar catalytic and molecular properties. A structural comparison has been performed using immunoblot analysis with polyclonal antibodies directed toward the 102 kDa polypeptide of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase from Neurospora crassa. A strong cross-reactivity is observed between the fungal H+-ATPase and the enzyme from the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Structural homologies are indicated also by the analysis of the cross-reactive peptides originated by proteolytic digestion of Neurospora and S.cerevisiae purified enzymes. Neither enzyme from these two sources appears to be glycosylated by a highly sensitive concanavalin A affinity assay on blotted proteins. A glycoprotein of Mr 115000 and pI 4.8-5, which comigrates with a cell cycle-modulated protein on 2D gel, is present in partially purified preparations of plasma membrane H+-ATPase of S.cerevisiae and it is shown to be structurally unrelated to H+-ATPase
EFFECT OF TUNICAMYCIN ON CELL-CYCLE PROGRESSION IN BUDDING YEAST
No full textTunicamycin, an inhibitor of one of the earliest steps in the synthesis of N-linked oligosaccharides, prevents bud formation and growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells that are either growing exponentially or recovering from different cell cycle arrests at start. Analysis of tunicamycin-treated cells by flow microfluorometry clearly shows that cells have a postsynthetic DNA content, but there is no evidence of an increase in binucleate cells. Therefore tunicamycin affects bud emergence and initiation of DNA synthesis, two events correlated under physiological conditions, in different ways. A bulk glycoprotein synthesis is shown to be required for bud emergence and localized chitin deposition, probably to sustain directional secretory vesicle transport, which allows polar growth of the bud. No evidence for a glycoprotein requirement for entrance into the S phase is obtained from the present experiments
Control of the yeast cell cycle by protein synthesis
No full textThe increased synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is correlated with enhanced cell proliferation, and it has been suggested that rRNA metabolism may have a regulatory role in the progression of the cell cycle. Alternatively, it might be the ensuing more active protein synthesis that drives the cell cycle progression. We have found that treatment with low doses of cycloheximide dissociates rRNA and protein synthesis. In fact, after the addition of cycloheximide the protein synthesis rate is strongly inhibited, whereas the rate of rRNA synthesis is unaffected for some time. The progression of the cell cycle, monitored as analysis of DNA distribution by flow cytometry and as bud emergence, is quickly and largely inhibited, thus indicating that a sustained rRNA metabolism is not sufficient to allow continuous cycle progression. The effects of cycloheximide on the daughter and mother duplication times, on the mean cell volume, and on the volume at budding were also analyzed. The results suggest that protein synthesis, rather than rRNA synthesis, may have a key role in the control of cell cycle progression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Extra-articular Proximal Femur Fractures in Children and Adolescents Treated by Elastic Stable Intramedullary Nailing
No full textAbstract
Purpose: Extra-articular proximal femur fractures (EPFF) remain challenging for their intrinsic instability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the results of elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of extra-articular proximal femur fractures in children and adolescents.
Methods: A retrospective monocentric study of children treated by ESIN for EPFF between 2012 and 2018 was conducted. We included all patients sustaining a fracture within 10% of the femur length below the lesser trochanter. Studied data were age, sex, femur length, fracture distance below the lesser trochanter, number of days of hospitalization, time to nail removal, and complications. Beaty's criteria and the titanium elastic nailing (TEN) outcome measure scale were used to evaluate radiologic outcome and assess clinical recovery, respectively.
Results: A total of 24 cases were reviewed (18 males, 6 females). Mean age was 8.23 years (range 5-13). Mean duration of hospitalization was 3.7 days (range 2-12). Mean time to nail removal was 28 weeks (range 12-53). Malalignment was observed in five patients, but in all cases, angulation did not exceed 10°. No limb length discrepancy was observed. Twenty out of 24 patients had excellent Beaty's radiological and TEN clinical outcome scores. No poor results were observed.
Conclusions: The results of our study show that good outcomes following surgical treatment by ESIN should be expected in children younger than 14 years of age with displaced EPFF. Excellent radiological and clinical outcomes were observed in 83.7% of the cases, with a low rate of complications and short hospital stay
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