1,721,669 research outputs found
Technologies and modelling issues for tritium processing in the European Test Blanket Systems and perspectives for DEMO
No full textOne of the main objectives of the experimental campaign on the Test Blanket Systems (TBS) in ITER is the demonstration of the efficient processing of the tritium generated in the Test Blanket Module (TBM). On the other side, efficient tritium processing in a TBS has deep implications on: (i) safe operation of TBS itself and whole ITER system; (ii) successful development and validation of tritium transport modelling codes; (iii) demonstration of DEMO relevancy of tritium processing technologies. This work describes various aspects of HCLL (Helium Cooled Lithium Lead) and HCPB (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed)-TBS activities related to TBS tritium management. After a short description of HCLL and HCPB blanket concepts and related TBS, the paper contains:a presentation of the key tritium processing technologies in the current design baseline of the European TBS;a discussion on the DEMO relevancy of some specific TBS tritium processing technologies;an overview on the activities related to the tritium transport modelling tools that will be validated along the development of the TBM project, including experimental campaign in ITER, and used for supporting the DEMO Breeding Blanket design. These three items are connected each other since tritium-related data, generated through the experimental campaign in ITER and interpreted through suitable modelling tools, will be one of the most significant outcomes in support of the breeding blanket design for DEMO and beyond. © 2013 Elsevier B.V
Extending Social Dominance to the framework of Interpersonal Power/Interaction Model (IPIM)
No full textHow SDO and Entitativity Relate to Political Orientation and Engagement: Evidence from an Italian Sardinian Sample
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Preliminary piping layout and integration of European test blanket modules subsystems in ITER CVCS area
No full textThis paper explores a possible integration of some ancillary systems of helium-cooled lithium lead (HCLL) and helium-cooled pebble-bed (HCPB) test blanket modules in ITER CVCS area. Computer-aided design and ergonomics simulation tools have been fundamental not only to define suitable routes for pipes, but also to quickly check for maintainability of equipment and in-line components. In particular, accessibility of equipment and systems has been investigated from the very first stages of the design using digital human models. In some cases, the digital simulations have resulted in changes in the initial space reservations. © 2015 Elsevier B.V
Finalization of the conceptual design of the auxiliary circuits for the European test blanket systems
No full textIn view of the ITER conceptual design review, the design of the ancillary systems of the European test blanket systems presented in [1] has been updated and made consistent with the ITER requirements for the present design phase. Europe is developing two concepts of TBM, the helium cooled lithium lead (HCLL) and the helium cooled pebble bed (HCPB) one, having in common the cooling media, pressurized helium at 8 MPa [2]. TBS, namely helium cooling system (HCS), coolant purification system (CPS), lead lithium loop and tritium extraction/removal system (TES-TRS) have the purpose to cool down the TBM and to remove tritium to be driven to TEP from breeder and coolant. These systems are placed in port cell 16 (PC#16), chemical and volume control system (CVCS) area and tritium building. Starting from the pre-conceptual design developed in the past, more mature technical interfaces with the ITER facility have been consolidated and iterative design activities were performed to comply with design requirements/specifications requested by IO to conclude the conceptual design phase. In this paper the present status of design of the TBS is presented together with the preliminary integration in ITER areas. © 2015 Elsevier B.V
Tritium processing for the European test blanket systems: Current status of the design and development strategy
No full textTritium processing technologies of the two European Test Blanket Systems (TBS), HCLL (Helium Cooled Lithium Lead) and HCPB (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed), play an essential role in meeting the main objectives of the TBS experimental campaign in ITER. The compliancy with the ITER interface requirements, in terms of space availability, service fluids, limits on tritium release, constraints on maintenance, is driving the design of the TBS tritium processing systems. Other requirements come from the characteristics of the relevant TBM and the scientific programme that has to be developed and implemented. This paper identifies the main requirements for the design of the TBS tritium systems and equipment and, at the same time, provides an updated overview on the current design status, mainly focusing onto the tritium extractor from Pb-16Li and TBS tritium accountancy. Considerations are also given on the possible extrapolation to DEMO breeding blanket. © 2015, American Nuclear Society. All rights reserved
Aging successfully: The role of genetics and environment in the era of the aging-boom. potential therapeutic implications
No full textAging is one of the main health-related challenges in the world.
The average life expectancy of the global population at birth is increasing up to 72 years, in 2016 and it increases about two years every
decade. The healthcare costs in many countries are very high because of the increased number of unhealthy populations, and the consequent
increase of severe age-related disabilities [1]. Therefore, the goal of the future should be the achievement of the so-called “health-span”
(healthy-life-span), more than the treatment of age-related disease to prevent the collapse of the health system. In order to achieve this objective, it is necessary to identify new targets and biomarkers and to address key issues of aging to delay or prevent the onset of pathologies and
disorders. This would allow to develop or to identify anti-aging therapies, modulating aging rate, or tested known drugs for different uses (i.e.
to reduce systemic or local inflammation).
Aging is an ineluctable process, which affects all cells, tissues, organs, and organisms, narrowing the homeodynamic space and increasing
organism vulnerability, although it has demonstrated in model organisms the possibility to modulate some pathways related to aging processes. Systemic aging causes a reduction in the response to environmental stimuli and, in general, is associated with an increased predisposition to disease and death. However, there are two ways to become old: without success (unsuccessful aging, UA) and with success (successful
aging, SA) [2,3]. UA is manifested by people that develop one or more age-related diseases, such as neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s disease), metabolic (metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus), cardiovascular, and cancer [2]. Regarding SA, the World
Health Organization defines it as “the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability, which enables well-being in older age”,
and defines healthy aging as “the process of developing and maintaining the functional ability, which enables wellbeing in older age” [3,4].
Thus, promoting healthy and successfully aging is a key priority, taking into account that this trait is heterogeneous and is influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. In adulthood, the heritability of age of death is approximately 25%, but it can reach even 48% in
males who achieve exceptional longevity. Many of the genetic aspects of longevity include mutations or polymorphisms, which can occur at
different frequencies within a population. Indeed, longevity genes affect a vast spectrum of biological functions that improve the feature of
repair mechanisms, increase the resistance to stressors like virus and injury, and slow the age-related changes in cells and tissues. The remaining part is due to the environmental exposure, chance, stochastic events, access to health care, and lack of trivial accidents [5,6].
The correlation between genetic background and the environment in determining the individual chance of delayed aging or SA is an
emerging topic in gerontology. Therefore, the proven and significant correlation between the effects of environment and molecular pathways
may be used as preventive measures to increase the chance to attain longevity or health-span
Un adattamento alla popolazione italiana della scala di Fletcher ed Averill (1984) per la misura dell'abilità di role-play
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