1,217 research outputs found
Bayesian probabilistic damage detection of a reinforced-concrete bridge column
No full textA Bayesian probabilistic approach for damage detection has been proposed for the continuous monitoring of civil structures (Sohn H, Law KH. Bayesian probabilistic approach for structure damage detection. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 1997; 26: 1259-1281). This paper describes the application of the Bayesian approach to predict the location of plastic hinge deformation using the experimental data obtained from the vibration tests of a reinforced-concrete bridge column. The column was statically pushed incrementally with lateral displacements until a plastic hinge is fully formed at the bottom portion of the column. Vibration tests were performed at different damage stages. The proposed damage detection method was able to locate the damaged region using a simplified analytical model and the modal parameters estimated from the vibration tests, although (1) only the first bending and first torsional modes were estimated from the experimental test data, (2) the locations where the accelerations were measured did not coincide with the degrees of freedom of the analytical model, and (3) there existed discrepancies between the undamaged test structure and the analytical model. The Bayesian framework was able to systematically update the damage probabilities when new test data became available. Better diagnosis was obtained by employing multiple data sets than just by using each test data set separately. Copyright (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.The "rst author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Professor Gerard C. Pardoen and his students at the
University of California at Irvine for providing an opportunity to observe the bridge column test. Also, the
authors are indebted to Dr Charles R. Farrar and Dr Scott W. Doebling of the Los Alamos National
Laboratory for providing the vibration test data. This research was partially sponsored by the National
Science Foundation under Grant No. CMS-95261-2
Troca ou produção? Uma introdução crítica à proposta teórica de Alfred Sohn-Rethel
No full textThis paper explores and analyzes the critique of the modern-traditional epistemology of the philosopher Alfred Sohn-Rethel, focusing on the categories of "social synthesis" and "real abstraction" that the author postulated in his magnum opus Manual Work and Intellectual Work (2001) . Sohn-Rethel\u27s perspective seeks to critically adapt Marx\u27s materialist conception of history to the analysis of the emergence of the fundamental categories of scientific knowledge, as formulated in European modernity. However, the author\u27s emphasis on exchange over production ends up being inconsistent with basic postulates derived from the critique of political economy formulated by Marx in Capital. Thus, from the review of Marx\u27s categories and taking into account the position of other authors, the research emphasizes the limitations derived from the Sohn-Rethel proposal when analyzing the social forms of knowledge.El presente artículo explora y analiza la crítica a la epistemología moderna-tradicional del filósofo Alfred Sohn-Rethel centrándose en las categorías de “síntesis social” y “abstracción real” que el autor postuló en su obra magna Trabajo manual y trabajo intelectual (2001). La perspectiva de Sohn-Rethel busca adecuar críticamente la concepción materialista de la historia de Marx al análisis de la emergencia de las categorías fundamentales del conocimiento científico, tal y como se formularon en la modernidad europea. Sin embargo, el énfasis que el autor sostiene del intercambio por encima de la producción termina por ser incongruente con postulados básicos derivados de la crítica de la economía política formulada por Marx en El Capital. Así, a partir de la revisión de las categorías de Marx y tomando en cuenta la posición de otros autores, la investigación enfatiza en los limitantes derivados de la propuesta de Sohn-Rethel al analizar las formas sociales del conocimiento.Este artigo explora e analisa a crítica à epistemologia moderno-tradicional do filósofo Alfred Sohn-Rethel, com foco nas categorias de "síntese social" e "abstração real" que o autor postulou em sua magnum opus Trabalho Manual e Trabalho Intelectual (2001). ). A perspectiva de Sohn-Rethel procura adaptar criticamente a concepção materialista da história de Marx à análise da emergência das categorias fundamentais do conhecimento científico, tal como formuladas na modernidade europeia. No entanto, a ênfase do autor na troca sobre a produção acaba sendo inconsistente com os postulados básicos derivados da crítica da economia política formulada por Marx em O Capital. Assim, a partir da revisão das categorias de Marx e levando em conta a posição de outros autores, a pesquisa enfatiza as limitações derivadas da proposta de Sohn-Rethel ao analisar as formas sociais de conhecimento
Application of time reversal guided waves to field bridge testing for baseline free damage diagnosis
No full textThis research is partially supported by Pennsylvania Infrastructure Technology Alliance (PITA) Program and Pennsylvania Department of Transportation (PennDOT). The first author would like to acknowledge the graduate fellowship program from Samsung Lee Kun Hee Scholarship Foundation in Seoul, Korea. The authors would like to thank Paul Majoris and James Johnson for granting access to the Buffalo Creek Bridge site. The authors also would like to thank Profs. David W. Greve and Irving J. Oppenheim for providing invaluable comments and making the scaled girder specimen available for our study
Development of Dual PZT Transducers for Reference-Free Crack Detection in Thin Plate Structures
No full textA new Lamb-wave-based nondestructive testing (NDT) technique, which does not rely on previously stored baseline data, is developed for crack monitoring in plate structures. Commonly, the presence of damage is identified by comparing "current data" measured from a potentially damaged stage of a structure with "baseline data" previously obtained at the intact condition of the structure. In practice, structural defects typically take place long after collection of the baseline data, and the baseline data can be also affected by external loading, temperature variations, and changing boundary conditions. To eliminate the dependence on the baseline data comparison, the authors previously developed a reference-free NDT technique using 2 pairs of collocated lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers placed on both sides of a plate. This reference-free technique is further advanced in the present study by the necessity of attaching transducers only on a single surface of a structure for certain applications such as aircraft. To achieve this goal, a new design of PZT transducers called dual PZT transducers is proposed. Crack formation creates Lamb wave mode conversion due to a sudden thickness change of the structure. This crack appearance is instantly detected from the measured Lamb wave signals using the dual PZT transducers. This study also suggests a reference-free statistical approach that enables damage classification using only the currently measured data set. Numerical simulations and experiments were conducted using an aluminum plate with uniform thickness and fundamental Lamb waves modes to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique to reference-free crack detection.This research is supported by the Radiation Technology Program under
Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and the Ministry
of Science and Technology (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and
Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government
(MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2007-331-D00462).
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed
in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the funding agencies
Continuous fatigue crack monitoring without baseline data
No full textIn order to overcome the susceptibility of conventional non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques to operational and environmental variations, a new damage detection technique that does not require direct comparison with baseline data was previously developed by the authors for detecting a crack in a plate structure. This reference-free technique employs two pairs of collocated lead zirconate titanate transducers (PZTs) placed on both sides of the plate to generate and measure Lamb waves. Then, the existence of mode conversion due to the crack is identified from the Lamb wave signals instantly measured by PZTs. In this study, the effectiveness of the proposed technique is tested using a steel girder specimen. A cyclic loading is applied to the girder resulting in fatigue cracks, and the proposed technique detects the appearance of fatigue damage solely based on the measured Lamb waves at the present stage. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique to fatigue crack monitoring, and issues related to PZT installation are discussed.This research is supported by the Radiation Technology
Program under Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
(KOSEF) and the Ministry of Science and Technology
(M20703000015-07N0300-01510) andKorea Research
Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government
(MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund)
(KRF-2007-331-D00462). Any opinions, findings and
conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material
are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the funding agencies. The authors also
would like to thank Professors Kent A. Harris and Piervincenzo
Rizzo at University of Pittsburgh for designing
the steel girder specimen and conducting fatigue loading
tests
Energy-based Reference-Free Damage Diagnosis using A Single Pair of Collocated PZTs
No full textThis research is supported by the Radiation Technology Program (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) under Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and U-Eco city project (C007L7510001-08L015800110) under Korea Institute of Construction & Transportation technology Evaluation and Planning (KICTEP). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies
Parameter estimation of the generalized extreme value distribution for structural health monitoring
No full textStructural health monitoring (SHM) can be defined as a statistical pattern recognition problem which necessitates establishing a decision boundary for damage identification. In general, data points associated with damage manifest themselves near the tail of a baseline data distribution, which is obtained from a healthy state of a structure. Because damage diagnosis is concerned with outliers potentially associated with damage, improper modeling of the tail distribution may impair the performance of SHM by misclassifying a condition state of the structure. This paper attempts to address the issue of establishing a decision boundary based on extreme value statistics (EVS) so that the extreme values associated with the tail distribution can be properly modeled. The generalized extreme value distribution (GEV) is adopted to model the extreme values. A theoretical framework and a parameter estimation technique are developed to automatically estimate model parameters of the GEV. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerically simulated data, previously published real sample data sets, and experimental data obtained from the damage detection study in a composite plate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.The authors would like to thank Prof. Keith Worden’s
contribution to the initial implementation of the differential
evolution code used in this study. The authors also wish to
recognize the Weapon Response Group (ESA-WR) of Los
Alamos National Laboratory for providing the experimental
data for the composite plate test for this study. The first
author would like to acknowledge the Post-doctoral Fellowship
Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation
(KOSEF) in 2003
Lamb wave tuning curve calibration for surface-bonded piezoelectric transducers
No full textSurface-bonded lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers have been widely used for guided wave generation and measurement. For selective actuation and sensing of Lamb wave modes, the sizes of the transducers and the driving frequency of the input waveform should be tuned. For this purpose, a theoretical Lamb wave tuning curve (LWTC) of a specific transducer size is generally obtained. Here, the LWTC plots each Lamb wave mode' amplitude as a function of the driving frequency. However, a discrepancy between experimental and existing theoretical LWTCs has been observed due to little consideration of the bonding layer and the energy distribution between Lamb wave modes. In this study, calibration techniques for theoretical LWTCs are proposed. First, a theoretical LWTC is developed when circular PZT transducers are used for both Lamb wave excitation and sensing. Then, the LWTC is calibrated by estimating the effective PZT size with PZT admittance measurement. Finally, the energy distributions among symmetric and antisymmetric modes are taken into account for better prediction of the relative amplitudes between Lamb wave modes. The effectiveness of the proposed calibration techniques is examined through numerical simulations and experimental estimation of the LWTC using the circular PZT transducers instrumented on an aluminum plate.This research is supported by the Radiation Technology
Program under Korea Science and Engineering Foundation
(KOSEF) and the Ministry of Science and Technology
(M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and by an Applied
Research Grant from the Agency for Defense Development
(UC080019JD). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or
recommendations expressed in this material are those of the
author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding
agencies. The authors also would like to thank Professors
Irving Oppenheim, David W Greve and Jeffrey S Vipperman
for providing invaluable comments for this study
Eucalantica nestori Ruiz-Galvan & Sohn 2023, n. sp.
No full text<i>Eucalantica nestori</i> n. sp. (Figs 1A–E) <p> <i>Type series</i>. Holotype —male, “HOLOTYPE | <i>Eucalantica</i> | <i>nestori</i> | R. & S. 2023” [red label], “ Atzingo, Puebla | 5/08/2021 [5 viii 2021] | Arándano | Isabel Ruiz Galván”, “ <i>Eucalantica</i> sp. | Lepidoptera | Yponomeutidae ♁ [handwritten]”, USNM.</p> <p>Paratypes (6♁ 17♀)— 1♀, same data as holotype, [GSN] SJC-1377, GJUE; 1♀, Puebla, Zacatlán, Atzingo (19°59’N 97°58’W, alt. 2174 m), 10 viii 2020 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♁, ditto (19°59’N 97°57’W, alt. 2020 m), 8 X 2020 (IR Galván leg.), [GSN] IRG-001; 2♀, ditto, 29 iv 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♁, ditto, 5 viii 2021 (IR Galván), on blueberries, PHIM; 2♀, ditto (19°59’N 97°57’W, alt. 2020 m), 29 iv 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♁ 4♀, ditto, 30 iii 2021 (IR Galván & O Rodríguez leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♀, Puebla, Zacatlán, Xoxonacatla (20°00’N 97°56’W, alt. 1847m) 30 iii 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♀, ditto (20°01’N 97°55’W, alt. 1847m), 30 iii 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♁, ditto (20°00’N 97°55’W, alt. 1847m) 19 v 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♁ 1♀, ditto (19°59’N 97°56’W, alt. 2020m), 6 vi 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM; 1♁, ditto, 6 vii 2021 (O Rodríguez leg.) on blueberries, PHIM; 4♀, ditto, 5 viii 2021 (IR Galván leg.), on blueberries, PHIM.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. This species is similar to <i>Eucalantica polita</i> in the overall appearance but it differs from the latter generally in the smaller size (the forewing length 5.1–5.6 mm in <i>E. nestori</i> <b>n. sp.</b> vs. 5.5–8.0 mm in <i>E. polita</i>) and the presence of the pale-reddish brown forewing fringe (white in <i>E. polita</i>), the distally broader valva and the larger projection above the sacculus in the male genitalia (Figs 1C for <i>E. nestori</i> <b>n. sp.</b> and 1D for <i>E. polita</i>).</p> <p> <i>Description</i>. Head—Vertex white, intermixed with dark grayish brown scales anterolaterally; frons pale brownish gray, darkened laterally. Antenna 3/4 as long as forewing; scape white; basal seven flagellomeres white dorsally; rest flagellomeres annulated with white. Labial palpus porrect; 1 st palpomere pale grayish brown; 2 nd palpomere denser distad, 4x longer than 1 st palpomere, white dorsally, dark grayish brown ventrally; 3 rd palpomere as long as 2 nd palpomere, white dorsally, dark grayish brown ventrally, with triangular scale-tuft. Thorax—Patagium, tegula and mesonotum white. Foreleg lustrous; coxa and femur white laterally, pale grayish brown mesally; tibia and tarsomeres dark grayish brown. Midleg lustrous; coxa white; femur white, tinged with pale grayish brown distally; femur dark grayish brown dorsally, white ventrally; tarsomeres dark grayish brown. Hindleg lustrous white. Forewing length 5.1–5.6 mm, lustrous white, narrowly round apically; costal band in basal 1/5 grayish brown; discal spot black; dorsal patch present in distal half of dorsal margin, expanded at basal 1/5, reddish brown, accompanied with black scales above basal expansion; terminal area dot-lined with few black scales; fringe pale reddish brown. Hindwing lustrous gray, darkened to apex; fringe pale gray. Abdomen—Terga and sterna lustrous white.</p> <p>Male genitalia (Figs 1C, D)—Uncus 1/5 as long as socii, linguiform, with subconical tubercle posterolaterally; socius 5x longer than uncus, elongate, digitate, with a row of four ventral spines terminally; spines on socius gradually smaller distad. Tegumen parallel-sided, slightly narrowed in distal 1/3; subscaphium bulged and granulate ventrad. Valva gradually enlarged distad, broadly round apically, setose on distal and ventral areas; costa narrow, enlarged in basal 1/4; saccular margin evenly rounded; sacculus narrow, gradually enlarged to base; a small semielliptical mound above basal 1/8 of saccular margin. Saccus 2/3 as long as socius, elongate, slightly dilated in apex. Phallus 2x longer than saccus, slender, weakly sinuate; cornutus absent.</p> <p>Female genitalia(Fig.1E)—Sternite VIII sclerotized,with a shallow,semielliptical,setose humps posterolaterally. Papilla analis semirectangular, dilated dorsally, setose. Apophysis posterioris 4x longer than apophysis anterioris excluding basal Y-fork. Minute thorns on area around humps of sternite VIII. Antrum subquadrate, concave posteromarginally, with minute thorns on internal wall. Ductus bursae 1/4 as long as corpus bursae, narrow; bulla seminalis long-obovate. Corpus bursae 2x larger than bulla seminalis, oval; signum absent.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Mexico (Puebla).</p> <p> <i>Etymology</i>. This species is named after Prof. Néstor Bautista Martínez who was a doctorate advisor of the first author and had dedicated most parts of his life to the Mexican insects of agricultural importance. The species epithet is a noun in the genitive case.</p> <p> <i>Host plant</i>. Ericaceae — <i>Vaccinium ashei</i> Reade.</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>. This new species has been found only in a small area of the Puebla state in Mexico. An expanded inventory on blueberry farms in other states may reveal the broader distribution of the species than depicted in the present article. Another congener, <i>E. vaquero</i> Sohn widely occurs in Arizona, United States and Veracruz, Mexico (Sohn & Nishida 2011). This species seems associated with the blueberry family, likewise other congeners but its host plants remain unknown.</p> 2. Biology <p> Larvae of <i>E. nestori</i> <b>n. sp.</b> were observed almost all year round. The new <i>Eucalantica</i> species was found in all the sampled plantations in the surveyed region but the economic damage it causes is still unknown. On the infested blueberries, they feed on young shoots and flowers, except in the months of hibernation when the foliage is reddish and soon later dropped. The larvae primarily feed on leaves, leaving only the leaf skeletons. A silken net produced by the larva for protection can be seen among the leaves. The nest can be confused with ones of tortricids associated with blueberries. The silken web of the larva can often be expanded to flowers. In such cases, the larvae feed on the pistil and stamens and completely destroy the whole flowers (Fig. 2A). Because they are borers, most of the damage is observed in young vegetative buds (Fig. 2B). The infested shoots show initially wilting of stems and leaves, followed by a color change to reddish brown and finally necrosis. The shoots then bend into a cane shape and remain on the plant for several months (Figs 2D, E). The damaged shoots have an average length of five to 12 cm, and in the lower part a circular orifice can be observed where the larva enters and exits and where its excreta are expelled (Fig. 2C). When the larva is fully developed, it leaves the shoot and seeks refuge for pupation in the leaves nearby. The pupa develops inside a silken cocoon.</p>Published as part of <i>Ruiz-Galvan, Isabel & Sohn, Jae-Cheon, 2023, A new species of Eucalantica Busck (Lepidoptera, Yponomeutidae) poses potential concerns on blueberry industry in Mexico, pp. 287-292 in Zootaxa 5351 (2)</i> on pages 288-290, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.2.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8391619">http://zenodo.org/record/8391619</a>
Destructive Bridge Testing for Smart Monitoring Technology Validation
No full textThis work is supported by the Radiation Technology Program (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and the Nuclear Research & Development
12
Program (2009-0083489) of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by Ministry of Education, Science & Technology (MEST). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies
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