1,720,964 research outputs found
An intersemiotic translation of normative utterances to machine language
Full text linkProgramming Languages (PL) effectively performs an intersemiotic translation from a natural language to machine language. PL comprises a set of instructions to implement algorithms, i.e., to perform (computational) tasks. Similarly to Normative Languages (NoL), PLs are formal languages that can perform both regulative and constitutive
functions. The paper presents the first results of interdisciplinary research aimed at highlighting the similarities between NoL (social sciences) and PL (computer science)
through everyday life examples, exploiting Object-Oriented Programming Language tools and an Internet of Things (IoT) system as a case study. Given the pandemic emergency, the urge to move part of our social life to the digital world arose, together with the need to effectively transpose regulative rules and constitutive rules through different strategies for translating a normative utterance expressed in natural language
Two dimensions of the intersemiotic legal translation in digital environments. Programming legal acts as a resemiotization process
No full textAn intersemiotic legal translation involves at least two different semiotic codes, of which at least one is not verbal.
The authors will draw a distinction between two macro dimensions of legal translation in digital environments. The first can be schematized in one direction from the machine to
the user. Intersemiotic translation is applied in the creation of interfaces (creation of buttons, forms, digital procedures) that are conditions of possibility for the fulfillment of certain legal acts (the acceptance of a user agreement, the purchase of a material or digital asset, the request for a particular document to the PA). The second dimension can be schematized in a direction that goes from the user to the machine. In this case, the user plays the role of the translator since he transposes, through the frontend, his contractual intent from natural language to machine language, using tools available to him by the developer. For example, a team of developers can exploit a Content Management Systems (CMS), which exposes two main interfaces, namely those that connect those who develop the interfaces and those who use them. Respectively, a backend that allows configuring the operating environment (user to machine) and, a frontend that exposes the communication interfaces with the end user (machine to user)
Intersemiotic translation of contracts into digital environments
Full text linkAn intersemiotic translation is any form of translation that involves at least two different semiotic codes; for example, the translation from words to images, to numerical code, or to non-verbal sounds. One of the most widespread examples of intersemiotic translation in the contemporary world is transposing natural language into machine language in digital environments. In this case, if the source text is a legal text, we encounter a particular type of intersemiotic translation, namely an intersemiotic legal translation in a digital environment. This paper will focus on the intersemiotic legal translation of contracts in digital environments, and is divided into two parts. In the first part (Section Ways of intersemiotically translating a contract using digital tools), we will analyze four possible uses of the intersemiotic translation of contracts in a digital context. In particular, we will highlight the technical characteristics of intersemiotic translation, its limitations, and its potential in different phases of contract management, namely the drafting of the document, the agreement, the archiving of the document, and the execution of contractual clauses. We will examine different digital tools that exploit intersemiotic translation, such as contract drafting tools and online platforms that allow for the conclusion of electronic contracts, document archiving in blockchains, and building smart contracts. When analyzing these uses of intersemiotic translation in the digital environment, we will highlight four types of output that can represent the product of intersemiotic translation in the digital environment: epistemic effects, legal effects, digital effects, and economic effects. In the second part (Section A tool for translating the contract intersemiotically), we will describe a hypothetical prototype that, in light of the four potential uses of intersemiotic translation, could represent a support tool to simplify the communication between professionals and clients through the drafting of legal documents with the aid of dynamic forms and, eventually, with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). Beyond facilitating the dialogue between legal professionals and their clients, we use interfaces to allow clients to create their own drafts of their documents and the lawyer to work on the drafts drawn up by the customer, correct them, and structure them in order to guarantee the validity of the document. The system can also be designed to archive legal documents and private deeds securely and entrust them to a professional by using blockchain technology and automating the execution of some contractual clauses via smart contract protocols
Social Acts in Digital Environments
Full text linkAdolf Reinach’s theory of social acts and Czesław Znamierowski theory of the environment can show a new perspective of analysis in the fields of computer science and digital communication. This paper will begin analysing the performance of social acts in two categories of digital environments: (i) fictional digital environment and (ii) real digital environment. The analysis will be supported by examples from the history of computer science. In both kinds of digital environments, organigrams play a significant role and depend on the users’ digital power to perform a real or fictional social act. Finally, the paper will analyse one of the possible roles that AI plays in performing social acts in digital environments. It will show how AI could affect the perception of social acts
Personalized Text Categorization Using a MultiAgent Architecture
No full textIn this paper, a system able to retrieve contents deemed
relevant for the users through a text categorization process,
is presented. The system is built exploiting a generic
multiagent architecture that supports the implementation
of applications aimed at (i) retrieving heterogeneous data
spread among different sources (e.g., generic html pages,
news, blogs, forums, and databases); (ii) filtering and organizing
them according to personal interests explicitly stated
by each user; (iii) providing adaptation techniques to improve
and refine throughout time the profile of each selected
user. In particular, the implemented multiagent system creates
personalized press-revies from online newspapers. Preliminary
results are encouraging and highlight the effectiveness
of the approach
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