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Care and the capability of living a healthy life in a gender perspective
No full textThis paper deals with the definition of the capability of living a healthy life with special reference to the Italian context. The increasing ageing of Italian population and the higher likelihood for elderly to experience poorer health conditions (Addabbo, Picchio; 2010; Addabbo, Chiarolanza, Fuscaldo, Pirotti, 2010) lead us to focus especially on elderly population and gender differences in the measurement of the development of this capability. Institutional as well family and individual conversion factors are analysed in their interaction with the observed development of the capability of living a healthy life taking a gender perspective. To measure the latter we use both self assessed health status and objective gerontological measures of health conditions available in the Italian sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing, Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The self-completion questionaire, that is submitted only to a part of the whole SHARE sample, allows to gain important information on the household characteristics and in particular on the sharing of different responsibilities within the household (doing the cleaning, caring for children and elderlies, earning money etc.). Part of this information is also retrospective. This allows us to extend our analysis on the measurement of individual current achievement in the capability taking into account how conversion factors can interact with the development of the capability since it allows a long term analysis of their effect
Care and the Capability of Living a Healthy Life in a Gender Perspective
No full textThis paper deals with the definition of the capability of living a healthy life with special reference to the Italian context. The increasing ageing of Italian population and the higher likelihood for elderly to experience poorer health conditions (Addabbo, Picchio; 2010; Addabbo, Chiarolanza, Fuscaldo, Pirotti, 2010) lead us to focus especially on elderly population and gender differences in the measurement of the development of this capability.
Institutional as well family and individual conversion factors are analysed in their interaction with the observed development of the capability of living a healthy life taking a gender perspective.
To measure the latter we use both self assessed health status and objective gerontological measures of health conditions available in the Italian sample of the Survey of Health, Ageing, Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The self-completion questionaire, that is submitted only to a part of the whole SHARE sample, allows to gain important information on the household characteristics and in particular on the sharing of different responsibilities within the household (doing the cleaning, caring for children and elderlies, earning money etc.). Part of this information is also retrospective. This allows us to extend our analysis on the measurement of individual current achievement in the capability taking into account how conversion factors can interact with the development of the capability since it allows a long term analysis of their effect
BILANCIO DI GENERE E PIANO DI EGUAGLIANZA DI GENERE
No full textVoce di glossario su Bilancio di genere e Piano di Eguaglianza di genere
Fuzzy logic and the capability approach
No full textThe definition of well being in Sen's capability approach (Sen, 1985, 1993) implies the evaluation of unobservables in a context of complexity and interaction amongst the different capabilities. The issue of measurement of well being in the capability approach is interested by problems related to the difficulties in observing directly the capabilities (a set of opportunities that the individual can convert into observables functionings) behind the achieved functionings and in the very definition of the different dimensions of well being not closed by Sen in a given list. Different techniques have been proposed in the literature to measure well being in the capability approach (see Kuklys, 2005, Robeyns, 2006, Chiappero-Martinetti, 2008, Comim, 2008). Here we aim at showing how, in the field of fuzzy logic, fuzzy expert system can be used to measure well being in the capability approach by focusing on the methods and by referring to its implementation in different areas of the evaluation of well being. The use of fuzzy expert system to measure well being has been proposed in Addabbo, Di Tommaso and Facchinetti (2004) and applied for the evaluation of children well being (Addabbo, Facchinetti and Mastroleo, 2007), of the capability of living an healthy life (Addabbo, Chiarolanza, Fuscaldo, and Pirotti, 2010) while the measurement of the quality of work by using fuzzy expert system has been pursued in Addabbo, Facchinetti, Mastroleo and Solinas (2006). In Section 1 we discuss the mathematical framework of fuzzy logic and the transition from classical logic to fuzzy logic. In Section 2 we present the phases of implementation of fuzzy expert system and in Section 3 we discuss cases of its implementation in the measurement of different areas of well being. Section 4 concludes
Introduction
No full textWithin the framework of the most recent economic debate and elaborating on EWCS15, this introductory chapter illustrates the rationale for the choice of autonomous work as object of the book as well as its methodological approach. Moreover, the introduction provides a short summary of the chapters included in the two sections into which the book is divided
Gender Equality and Public Policies
No full textGender inequalities in the employment likelihood and employment positions are still persistent as evidenced by gender equality index and they have been exacerbated by the impact of pandemics. At the basis of the different problems-underrepresentation of women, difficulty of balancing work and family obligations, lack of protection of women in workplace-there is a structural discrimination of women both within labour market and family life, ossified on the one hand in traditional patterns of work organization built on male breadwinner model, and on the other in a stereotyped conception of gender roles. The two aspects are inextricably connected. The real point is the sexual division of work, paid work for men and paid and unpaid work for women. This chapter reconstructs the existing employment inequalities by gender and refers to the different policies enacted to address the access to the labour market and the inequalities that characterize women’s employment in the access to apical positions and in terms of wage gap. To what extent have the policies been effective and what alliances should be created to let the objective of improved gender equality be reached?
Genitorialità, lavoro e qualità della vita: una conciliazione possibile? Riflessioni da un'indagine in provincia di Modena
No full textI tassi di fecondità in Italia sono fra i più bassi del mondo. In che relazione si trova la bassa fecondità con gli attuali livelli di partecipazione al mercato del lavoro, con le modalità di svolgimento delle attività lavorative, con gli elevati carichi di lavoro domestico e di cura svolti dalle donne e con la stessa natura del welfare state? Che ruolo giocano i servizi di cura, la contrattazione e le leggi esistenti? In che misura il numero di figli coincide con il numero desiderato di figli? Quali politiche dovrebbero essere implementate al fine di ridurre i vincoli attualmente operanti sulle scelte individuali e familiari in tema di genitorialità e occupazione?
Questi e altri interrogativi sono oggetto del volume in cui si espongono anche i risultati di una ricerca sul campo promossa dalla Commissione Pari Opportunità della Provincia di Modena, realizzata avvalendosi di un'indagine qualitativa su testimoni significativi, trenta nuclei familiari, con particolare rilievo alle fasi in cui è elevato il carico di lavoro totale. Lo studio ha permesso di ricostruire i nessi tra fecondità e occupazione e l'interagire dei comportamenti di entrambi i coniugi nelle scelte familiari e di distribuzione dei tempi.
In questa fase sono stati analizzati anche i risultati relativi alle scelte di fecondità e alla struttura familiare prodotti dalla più ampia indagine sulla condizione socioeconomica delle famiglie modenesi ICESmo portata a termine dal Centro analisi delle politiche pubbliche (CAPP), che consente di analizzare il comportamento di 1235 famiglie residenti in provincia di Modena.Indice:Morena Diazzi, Paola Panini, PresentazioneTindara Addabbo, Elisabetta Addis, IntroduzioneTindara Addabbo, Elisabetta Addis, Vando Borghi, Natalità e occupazione: quali nessi?Tindara Addabbo, Barbara Maiani, Politiche family-friendly e quadro normativoTindara Addabbo, Francesca Olivier, Fecondità, occupazione e servizi all'infanzia in provincia di ModenaBarbara Maiani, Quali spazi per la conciliazione nei contratti di lavoro?Tindara Addabbo, Massimo Baldini, Fecondità desiderata ed effettiva: le razioni di un gap non colmatoTindara Addabbo. Variabili correlate alla bassa fecondità e considerazioni di policiesElisabetta Addis, Quali politiche per la genitorialità in un paese "mediterraneo"'Tindara Addabbo, Elisabetta Addis, Vando Borghi, Barbara Maiani, ConclusioniAppendici(Francesca Olivier, Schede sui comuni; Il questionario rivolto alle persone; A cura di Francesca Olivier, Schede sintetiche sulle caratteristiche individuali e familiari relative alle persone intervistate; Traccia di intervista ai testimoni significativi; Il campione dei testimoni significativi
Work and public policies: the interweaving of feminist economics and the capability approach
No full textThis paper will start with an assessment on how the capability approach within a feminist economic framework can be used to analyse the determinants of gender inequalities and then to address public policies that are able to contrast them. To analyse public policies within a feminist economic framework and in the capability approach reference will be made to the methodology proposed in Addabbo, Lanzi, Picchio (2010) and a special focus will be devoted on work that will be analysed with reference to the indicators developed to measure it and in a feminist economics perspective (Picchio, 2003). Its link with other relevant dimensions of well-being will be highlighted together with the extent of gender inequalities in its achievement. In this setting a selection of public policies will be evaluated to uncover their effects on the capability of working and gender inequality in its development and in its conversion into observable functionings
Wage Discrimination by Gender and Performance Evaluation
No full textThis paper has a twofold aim:
Analyse the diffusion of different types of performance pay and the gender differences occurring in the access to this form of compensation
Analyse to what extent performance-related pay systems impact on the gender wage gap and on the effort-reward balance
To reply to these questions the 6th European Working Conditions Survey is used as it provides information on wages, working conditions and systems of pay evaluation. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition is then used to highlight the contribution of the different Performance Pay types on the wage differential by gender. The results show a lower access of women to Performance-related compensation systems and a positive contribution of the latter in widening the gender pay gap
Investigating LGBTQI+ Inequalities in working conditions
No full textThe main focus of this paper is to analyse the impact of employment discrimination by sexual orientation on quality of work dimensions in EU countries. The literature on discrimination in the labour market by sexual orientation shows the existence of wage gap as well as barriers to the access. However, a first challenge that scholars face in analysing the impact of discrimination is to have access to primary data sources that could allow to observe gender identity and sexual orientation variables that allows also to disentangle amongst different groups of the LGBTQI+ population. Secondary data sources providing detailed information about working conditions do not record sexual orientation and gender identity and then use data on same sex couples or use perceived discrimination for sexual orientation to indentify LGBTQI+ employees. The latter method has been followed in this paper using European Working Conditions Survey that allows to identify employees perceving different forms of discrimination and, amongst them by sexual orientation. Perceiving employment discrimination by sexual orientation is found to expose the employee to different costs in terms of working conditions both in terms of wages and in terms of work related stress
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