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Government Policy about Commercial Banks
No full textBank activities like any other commercial activities
need to be regulated by the government not only during
the crisis period but in everyday life. However, the need
of governmental regulation and its role is increasing in
the period of crisis.
The paper refers to the basic principles of bank
regulation and analyzes statistical data of commercial
banks various instruments. The article considers the
issues for overcoming the crisis period in commercial
banks and for comparison describes their functioning in
non-crisis periods as well.
In conclusion, for commercial banks stable functioning
banking activities should be supervised and regulated
in the crisis period that provides the reliability and
sustainability of commercial banks, thus avoiding the risk
and in this way securing the interests of commercial banks
depositors and other creditors and Georgian Financial
Supervisory Agency as well. However, it should be noted
that any kind of government intervention is inexpedient
and will not improve or maintain development of bank
sector in general. Hence the right state policy is needed
Big data analytics tools for improving the decision-making process in agrifood supply chain
Get PDFIntroduzione: Nell'interesse di garantire una sicurezza alimentare a lungo termine di fronte a circostanze mutevoli, è necessario comprendere e considerare gli aspetti ambientali, sociali ed economici del processo di produzione. Inoltre, a causa della globalizzazione, sono stati sollevati i problemi delle lunghe filiere agroalimentari, l'asimmetria informativa, la contraffazione, la difficoltà di tracciare e rintracciare l'origine dei prodotti e le numerose questioni correlate quali il benessere dei consumatori e i costi sanitari. Le tecnologie emergenti guidano verso il raggiungimento di nuovi approcci socioeconomici in quanto consentono al governo e ai singoli produttori agricoli di raccogliere ed analizzare una quantità sempre crescente di dati ambientali, agronomici, logistici e danno la possibilità ai consumatori ed alle autorità di controllo della qualità di accedere a tutte le informazioni necessarie in breve tempo e facilmente.
Obiettivo: L'oggetto della ricerca riguarda lo studio delle modalità di miglioramento del processo produttivo attraverso la riduzione dell'asimmetria informativa, rendendola disponibile alle parti interessate in un tempo ragionevole, analizzando i dati sui processi produttivi, considerando l'impatto ambientale della produzione in termini di ecologia, economia, sicurezza alimentare e qualità di cibo, costruendo delle opportunità per le parti interessate nel prendere decisioni informate, oltre che semplificare il controllo della qualità, della contraffazione e delle frodi. Pertanto, l'obiettivo di questo lavoro è quello di studiare le attuali catene di approvvigionamento, identificare le loro debolezze e necessità, analizzare le tecnologie emergenti, le loro caratteristiche e gli impatti sulle catene di approvvigionamento e fornire utili raccomandazioni all'industria, ai governi e ai policy maker.Introduction: In the interest of ensuring long-term food security and safety in the face of changing circumstances, it is interesting and necessary to understand and to take into consideration the environmental, social and economic aspects of food and beverage production in relation to the consumers’ demand. Besides, due to the globalization, the problems of long supply chains, information asymmetry, counterfeiting, difficulty for tracing and tracking back the origin of the products and numerous related issues have been raised such as consumers’ well-being and healthcare costs. Emerging technologies drive to achieve new socio-economic approaches as they enable government and individual agricultural producers to collect and analyze an ever-increasing amount of environmental, agronomic, logistic data, and they give the possibility to the consumers and quality control authorities to get access to all necessary information in a short notice and easily.
Aim: The object of the research essentially concerns the study of the ways for improving the production process through reducing the information asymmetry, making it available for interested parties in a reasonable time, analyzing the data about production processes considering the environmental impact of production in terms of ecology, economy, food safety and food quality and build the opportunity for stakeholders to make informed decisions, as well as simplifying the control of the quality, counterfeiting and fraud. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study current supply chains, to identify their weaknesses and necessities, to investigate the emerging technologies, their characteristics and the impacts on supply chains, and to provide with the useful recommendations the industry, governments and policymakers
Distributed Ledger Technology for Agri-Food Supply Chain Management
No full textDistributed Ledger Technology for Agri-Food Supply Chain Management
In today's constantly transforming world, agriculture management, as almost all other fields, is becoming more complex, the supply chains are getting longer as there is a need of intermediaries, and also number of documents and their copies for all parties involved in the transactions are getting enormous. It is becoming difficult to understand the provenance of the product also. A numerous transparency and efficiency issues in agricultural supply chains ultimately put farmers and consumers at a disadvantage. So, traceability becomes the crucial factor in agri-food supply chain, that means the ability to trace and follow the history of final product forward or backward in the supply chain, to have an information on all stages of production process, warehousing, distribution and trade.
Consequently, there is a need of the system that simplifies the processes, increase the efficiency of production process and reduce the risk of fraud and adulteration. DLTs (Distributed Ledger Technologies) and particularly BCT (Blockchain technology) is recognized as a significant tool to solve these problems and reduce the transaction costs as well. Thus, the aim of this paper is to look to different means and ways, how food problems can be solved by application of Blockchain technology in the agri-food supply chain.
In order to reach the purpose of the paper, recent academic literature is reviewed. Despite being a hot topic and therefore the increasing interest by different public and private parties, the BCT continues to be far away from being well understood and there is no clear or fair scale to measure its capabilities and outcomes, or to understand how blockchain technology can be used to enhance agricultural and food systems with their different categories.
Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) have the capability to be used these systems to provide enhanced data integrity and security without the help of a third-party organization. They have the potential to advance the global food system by improving the trust, transparency and traceability, and consequently the efficiency of agri-food supply chain. So, Blockchain can benefit consumers with minimizing the food contamination risks, and giving them the ability to track accurately the source of the products. Indeed, Blockchain technology can create accurate fixed data that is locked in time, for all needs and purposes.
On the other hand, implementation of Blockchain Technology in the field meets some difficulties. BCT hardly depends on the advances of computer sciences and commercial applications in the field as it uses merger of technologies such as cryptography, hash functions, distributed databases, consensus algorithms, and decentralized processing. In addition, application of BCT needs an internet connection which can still be a challenge in some developing countries, and it requires also the digital skills of the companies. In this regard, agri-food sector will deal with less challenges because of progresses in digitalization, already implemented and actively used ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) and BDA (Big Data Analysis) tools, etc. So, this sector has a great potential to attempt the capability of BCT.
Keywords: Distributed Ledger Technology, Blockchain, Agri-food, supply chai
Development Stages of Mobile Communications
No full textThe article describes the stages of development of cellular networks. Development stages of mobile communications are conventionally divided into the generations (1G, 2G... 5G, G – Generation). From 1981 new generations of cellular network standards get updated every 10 years on average, 5G standards will be expected to be introduced in 2020. In Georgia mobile communications operator LLC “Magticom” started using GSM 1800 MHz frequency in November 1999. GSM operator Geocell was founded in Georgia in September 1996. As for mobile operator Beeline, it started functioning in Georgia in March 2007. The whole world is in the process of drawing out technologies for 5G networks. International telecommunication organization has developed a map for development of the technologies and has even defined its name- IMT-2020. All in all, Georgian companies still have not started working on implementation of 5G standards. It becomes necessary to expand the transmission network, to develop high-speed technologies. In addition, it is essential consumers to have market corresponding devices
Blockchain Technology – Breakthrough for Agri-food Industry
No full textIn the modern world, there is a growing interest in Blockchain Technology (BCT) both in the business world and among researchers. One of the potential areas where this technology is expected to be widely used is the agri-food supply chain. The purpose of this article is to highlight the needs for implementation of Blockchain Technology in agri-food supply chain and the benefits associated with the widespread use of this technology. To achieve this goal, the paper includes analysis of the world’s leading studies, scientific articles and books. Research shows that the future potential of this technology and the advantages of its introductio
Key Motivations and Drivers for Successful Blockchain Technology Adoption in the Wine Industry: Insights from Multiple Case Studies
No full textThe adoption of Blockchain Technology (BCT) is increasingly vital in industries requiring enhanced transparency and traceability, such as the wine sector. This paper aims to explore the key motivations and drivers behind BCT adoption in wine companies, with a focus on how the readiness of employees and management affects both the decision to adopt and the success of implementation. Utilizing a case study approach involving five wineries within the framework of the project W.E. B.E.S.T. (PRIN 2020 - Prot. 2020LMWF9Y), the research investigates the role of organizational readiness in facilitating effective BCT integration. Findings reveal that while motivations such as improved transparency, process efficiency, better communication with consumers and adding value to the wine are significant, the level of readiness among management and their dynamic capabilities are crucial for successful adoption. The study provides practical insights for wine companies, underscoring the necessity of organizational preparedness to fully harness the benefits of cutting-edge BCT
Blockchain and Supply Chain Integration: Needs, Benefits, Challenges and Future Perspective
No full textBCT originally designed for crypto-currency has found great response in many other areas. The aim of the paper is summarizing the needs of BCT adoption in the supply chain; the benefits that it can bring to the agricultural sector; the difficulties and future prospective associated with BCT deployment. To achieve the research purpose, the article methodology goes through the SLR. The literature analysis distributes the key concepts and advances in the research on related topics and generates new knowledge [1;2;3]. Properly used empirical analysis holds a potential to design the research in a way to address important issues and provide transparent and reproducible answers [4]. The results showed that current agri-food supply chains deal with number of inefficiencies. There is a problem of "paper documents", as well as tracking the product that on the one hand increases the risk of counterfeiting and on the other hand makes difficult to call back falsified or harmful product from market in time. In many cases this causes people to get sick. In addition, there are often problems with reliability or even access to information. The paper demonstrated the capabilities of BCT to eliminate these problems and to modernize the agri-food supply chain. It provides a transparent system that collects, stores and transmits data in a secure way and that is maximally protected from any kind of fraud. At the same time, it accumulates the necessary information and delivers it to the interested party in a short notice. Consequently, it reduces the costs associated with identifying falsified or harmful products and removing them from sale
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