1,720,973 research outputs found
Different psychological perspectives on cognitive processes: current research trends in Alps-Adria region
No full textThis book aims at highlighting some of the main lines of research in cognitive psychology in the Alps-Adria region, which, being geographically located in the centre of the European continent, encompasses eleven regions from six different countries: Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Serbia and Slovenia. The reason for bringing together authors from different geographical areas and with different approaches to the broad discipline defined as Cognitive Science can be seen in the first section of this book, which outlines a brief history of psychology in each country in the Alps-Adria region and gives a good overview of the spirit that characterize the Alps Adria Working Community. The Alps Adria Rector Conference “believes that harmonious coexistence and efficient collaboration of the peoples and communities of the different regions constitute the characteristics and specificities of the present cultural landscape of the Alps-Adria region in Europe. These particulars are well represented in the history of this unique European territory and in the spirit of coexistence, which distinguishes its inhabitants who have developed and exerted conscious resistance to every attempt of abuse and uniformity. Furthermore, the AARC believes that the history and the spirit of the Alps-Adriatic communities strengthen internal binding among the European nations and represent a consolidated model for the present and future states of the European Union.
Grounding Cognition in Perceptual Experience
Full text linkThe aim of this Special Issue was to put forward a multifaceted reflection on the relevance of perceptual experience in affecting and modeling various aspects of cognitive performance. We sought contributions demonstrating how properties emerging from sensory experience and perceptual organization are of key importance to our mental representations, beliefs, language, imagination, evaluations, actions, and interactions. In our title, we explicitly chose to refer to perceptual experience (i.e., “Grounding cognition in perceptual experience”) rather than simply using the more familiar expression “Grounding cognition in perception”. This is because the latter approach has been characterized by a predominant focus on brain activity, whereas our aim here was to complement this valuable mainstream line of research with a different perspective that we also consider valuable. This perspective revolves around the question of what a phenomenological approach to investigating the relationship between perception and cognition might be able to contribute to current research. We looked for answers to this question in a broad framework, covering a wide range of topics. How does perceptual experience contribute to the way in which we conceptualize experience? How is perceptual experience reflected in linguistic configurations? In what ways does perception influence people’s judgments, their unfolding reasoning process, and their memories? Each of the 13 papers in this Special Issue provides answers to these questions from a unique point of view
Food and sensory experiences: Issues to consider when developing an educational programme on explorative feeding practices
No full textIt is well known that individual food preferences are strictly dependent on social, cultural, and cognitive factors. More recently it has been shown the relevance of the genetic component in determining people taste as well (Bufe et al, 2005). According to Rozin and Fallon (1980), who proposed a cognitive explanation of food preferences, the taxonomy of alimentary preferences is based, on one hand, on sensory and ideational factors and, on the other hand, on the anticipation of consequences. Authors claim that distaste depends on sensory factors while disgust depends on sensory-ideational ones. In children, it is quite frequent to observe alimentary phobias (Birch, Zimmerman & Hind, 1980; Pliner & Loewen, 1997). In the present work, we address a number of issues that must be taken in to account to promote a conscious alimentation behaviour in children
The alliterations have fat tails
No full textSeveral quite different phenomena distribute according to few different functions, which share in a gross sense a particular shape that has induced to call them “fat (heavy, long) tail distributions”. Well-known examples are the so-called Benford’s law, Bradford’s law, Heap’s law, Lotka’s law, and so on. In economics are well known Lorenz’s law and Pareto’s law (on inequality of incoming). In psycholinguistics the most celebrated is undoubtedly Zipf’s law. In this study, we have investigated in this light the alliterations, that is, the relationship between the number of words interposed between two words sharing the same letter at the beginning (x) and number of occurrences of each given x, that is n(x). Analysing different excerpts of texts of XIX Century of different authors (Italian, French and American novelists like D’Annunzio, France and James, or essayists like Leopardi), we found invariably an excellent fit to Lorenz’s law, with an always above .97, and a remarkable stability of parameters within each author, but not between them. However, the mechanisms, which generate such distributions, are far to be clearly understood
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