1,721,091 research outputs found
Autonomic nervous system alterations in Rett syndrome
No full textRett syndrome (RTT) is a severe developmental-neurological disorder characterized by profound and progressive loss of intellectual functioning. Mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) are present in the majority of cases of RTT. The high incidence of sudden death in RTT and the suspect that autonomic nervous system alterations might be the underlaying pathogenetic mechanism have spurred efforts, in the last decade, for the study of the autonomic nervous system in Rett girls. Recently, many studies were performed in mice with Mecp2 mutations to know the pathophysiology of autonomic nervous system alterations observed in RTT. Neurometabolic alterations observed in RTT include reduced levels of dopamine, serotonin, noradrenaline, choline acetyltransferase, nerve growth factor (NGF), substance P, glutamate and other aminoacids and their receptor levels in the brain. Breathing irregularities with various respiratory patterns were described in RTT suggesting autonomic nervous system alterations. In RTT a loss of physiological heart rate variability associated with an increase of adrenergic tone is also observed. Pharmacological manipulation of brainstem neurotransmitters and neurotrophic drugs, as acetyl-L-carnitine, have been suggested in the treatment of autonomic alterations of Rett children. Recently, the principle of reversibility in a mouse model was established, raising the possibility that neurological defects seen in this model and related human disorders are not irrevocable. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd
P-wave dispersion as a marker of atrial cardiopathy in embolic stroke of undetermined source
No full textAtrial cardiopathy and sympatho-vagal imbalance in cryptogenic stroke: Pathogenic mechanisms and effects on electrocardiographic markers
Full text linkRecently, atrial cardiopathy has emerged as possible pathogenic mechanism in cryptogenic stroke and many electrocardiographic (ECG) markers have been proposed in order to detect an altered atrial substrate at an early stage. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a well-known role in determining significant and heterogeneous electrophysiological changes of atrial cardiomyocytes, that promote atrial fibrillation episodes in cardioembolic stroke. Conversely, the role of ANS in atrial cardiopathy and cryptogenic stroke is less known, as well as ANS effects on ECG markers of atrial dysfunction. In this paper, we review the evidence linking ANS dysfunction and atrial cardiopathy as a possible pathogenic factor in cryptogenic stroke
Letter by Acampa et al Regarding Article, "Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Patients With a History of Migraine"
No full textEditorial: Cardiorespiratory Coupling-Novel Insights for Integrative Biomedicine
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