22 research outputs found
Bioeconomic and environmental valuation of dipterocarp estate forest based on local wisdom in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia
No full textAbstract. Muliadi M, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S., Ruslim Y. 2017. Bioeconomic and enviromental valuation of dipterocarp estate forest based on local wisdom in Kutai Kartanegara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 401-408. Research was conducted in the dipterocarp estate forest in Kutai Kartanegara District, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia and aimed (i) to find out the potentials of logs; (ii) to find out the correlation among variables based on bioeconomic and environmental analysis; (iii) to analyze the value of bioeconomic and environmental equilibrium; (iv) to find out the price of logs based on local wisdom. Findings showed that bioeconomic analysis based on local wisdom in dipterocarp plantation forest at different estating distance had different potential and increment, while the same maximum increment was found at 40 years and their equilibrium was found at 30 years. Other local wisdom also showed there was a strong relationship between bioeconomic and environmental variables. Diameter influenced the price of logs and local wisdom suggested higher than the market prices at the diameter of 35 cm at 145 USD. Thus the unpaid environmental services amounted to $ 85.5 USD m-3. Therefore the government should change the amount of the current levy. If there is no change, the government will not be able to finance the restoration of estate forest and natural forest and have further impacts on climate change.
Keywords: Bioeconomic and environmental valuation, dipterocarp estate forest, local wisdom</jats:p
Traditional plants in forest gardens of West Kutai, Indonesia: Production and financial sustainability
No full textApuy M, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S, Ruslim Y, Kristiningrum R. 2017. Traditional plants in forest gardens of West Kutai, Indonesia: Production and financial sustainability. Biodiversitas 18: 1207-1217. Our research on the first generation forest gardens (munaan) in West Kutai District, Indonesia, aimed (i) investigating the cultivation and the financial profit of various plants grown by the residents in the first generation forest gardens (munaan); (ii) finding out the financial feasibility level of the first generation forest gardens (munaan) cultivation by the residents. The subject of this research included farmers or people who cultivated the old/ first generation forest gardens as well as several plant commodities namely durian (Durio zibethinus), rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum), cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), langsat (Lansium domesticum), ihau (Dimocarpus didyma) (i.e. native Borneo longan), meranti (Shorea sp.) and kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica) trees. Five villages/kampongs were sampled, with each plot sized 20 m x 20 m. Biomass analysis stocks growth of meranti and kapur trees are using volume formula. While the fruit production was calculated by weighing the weight of the fruit. In order to find out the relationships among variables, a polynomial regression equation was employed to obtain the regression coefficient of determination (R2). The bioeconomic analysis feasibility was done by using Pay Back Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Net B/C ratio and IRR. The amount of revenue level for each variant of fruit (i.e. durian, rambutan, langsat, ihau, and cempedak was different depending on the volume of fruit production and the selling price. The total amount of revenue from the cultivation of kapur and meranti trees depended on the total volume of timber, which was based on their diameter and basal area multiplied by the price of the timber itself. These findings imply that the cultivation of first generation forest gardens (munaan) was feasible for the community. The calculated values of Pay Back Period, Net Present Value (NPV), Net B/C and IRR at the discount level factor of 5% were 19.3 years; IDR 30.004.000, 1.58 and 8.8% respectively.</jats:p
Agroforestry Management with Vanilla and Agarwood in East Kalimantan
No full textilla as an export commodity has a role to gain the devisa. It gets a special concern in its development while agar wood is a one of commercial valuable market commodity Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK). That’s why it needs to cultivate with agroforestry system.This research aims to find the production of vanilla and maximum increment of agar wood and the financial analysis cultivation of vanilla which combined with agar wood.This research conducted in Bukit Raya Village, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan province. Method of this research conducted by using theory of production, scientific principles to calculate the production of vanilla and the increment of agar wood by measuring the diameter and the highest of agar wood. To find out the financial worthinnes by using Pay Back Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Net benefit cost ratio (Net B/C) and Internal Rate of return (IRR). The result of this analysis showed that the maximum production of vanilla at the age of 9 years with the total production was 378 kg/ha, it can be harvested at the age 3 to 11 years while the increment of agar wood can be inoculated at the age 4-5 years with the age of inoculation during 2 years and gubal Agar wood can be harvested at the age 6 years to 25 years. The optimal increment of agar wood reached at the age 15 years with the total maximum was 14.5 m3/ha while the cultivation to 25 years because it can get the financial benefit yet. The financial cultivation analysis of vanilla which combined with agar wood by using NPV, Net B/C and IRR theory reaching profit 15%. It was 54,592,000 rupiah and 1.95. The total of IRR was 21.5%. Equivalent annual annuity is 8,445,350 rupiah and scale effort has 6 ha. It proved that the cultivation of vanilla and agar wood is feasible to cultivate by using Net present value, net B/C and IRR more than MAR. The future of forest industry would be better diverted to the non timber forest products by cultivating vanilla and Agar wood with agroforestry system. It because in economically was feasible to cultivate as a model of sustainable forest at East Kalimantan Province. Keywords: Vanilla, Agarwood, Agroforestry, sustainable forest
The Improvement of Willingness to Pay for Land in Forest Revitalization Development in Kalimantan Timur Province
No full textThe factors of wood scarcity were the longtime ago exploitation and the high demand of wood for export and import which may not always be relied on the supply from natural forest. To solve, it needed the development of forest planting industry by planting fast and slow grows plant through the expectation value of land. The purposes of this study were to know the increment volume of fast-growing and slow-growingwood, to know the profit of forest cultivation and to know willingness to pay to land. The method of collecting the data was conducted using direct observation and interview to the administrator and the worker. The collected data was analyzed by using financial analysis with Payback Period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), Net B/C ratio, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Equivalent Annual Annuity (EAA) and Willingness Pay to Land (WPL) method based on technical and economic cycle. The calculation showed that the kinds of fast-growing plant (P.falcataria, A. Mangium and E.deglupta) in the age of 10 have bigger increment than 15m3/ha/year. In the other hand, the kinds of slow-growing plant (S. macrophylla, S.leprosula and G.arborea) had smaller increment than 15m3/ha/year. In addition, the variations of each plant increment plant were different, which can affect the financial value. Financially, under technical cycle, almost all the plants were good to be cultivated except G.arborea. While, under economic cycle, all the plants were good to be cultivated because their IRR value were higher than Minimum Accessibility Rate(MAR=4.5%). The fast-growing plants had higher wished price land than the slow-growing plants, in which under the technical cycle, G.arborea had negative willingness pay for land. In the other hand, under the economic cycle, the result showed that P. falcataria had the highest willingnesses pay for land, while plant with the lowest wished price land was G.arborea. The revitalization of forest will give tax potency that must be paid by the company based on the wished price land from every kinds of plant about 15% (per unit) as the plants tax that will be charged into the selling price of the wood. The forest revitalization which was conducted by the company, the government and the public can be the source of company profit, government revenue, and public income for a long period. With economic cycle, the income will be higher than the one under technical cycle. Keywords: Willingness to Pay for Land, Forest Revitalization Developmen
Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
No full textWinarni B, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir B.D.A.S, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y.2017. Tengkawang cultivation model in community forest using agroforestry systems in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 765-772. Tengkawang is the flora mascot of West Kalimantan and has long been supporting the life of people around the forest. Its fruit can be processed into fat which traded as ‘green butter', ‘borneo tallow', or ‘tengkawang oil', which used as cocoa butter substitutes and the material for manufacturing lipstick, candle and drugs. Its wood was used as raw material for sawmill and plywood industries. Today, tengkawang tree existence is endangered and has been replaced with rubber plantations. The purposes of this research were to: (i) analyze the maximum growth increment of tengkawang; (ii) analyze the maximum production of tengkawang fruits and latex; (iii) analyze the financial feasibility of tengkawang cultivation and tengkawang combined with rubber; and (iv)formulate tengkawang cultivation model. The research used a descriptive method in survey form and interview technique by using questionnaire. The research result showed that the maximum growth increment of tengkawang which cultivated in monoculture (model 1) and tengkawang combined with rubber (model 2) were achieved at the age of 40 years. The maximum production of tengkawang fruit in model 1 and model 2 were achieved at the age of 64 years, while the maximum production of latex (model 2) was achieved at the age of 17 years. The cultivation of tengkawang by model 1 produced IRR of 12.3% and model 2 produced IRR of 12.9%. Financially, both cultivation models of tengkawang were feasible to be cultivated. Financially, tengkawang cultivation by using rubber in an agroforestry system was more profitable than tengkawang cultivation in monoculture.</jats:p
ANALYSIS BIOECONOMY, GROWTH AND RECOVERY STANDS FELLING FORESTS BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM IN PENAJAM PASER UTARA REGENCY EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
No full textThe purpose of this research are 1) to find out the increment of former forest of dipterocarpaceae and non dipterocarpaceae, 2) to know the increment of dipterocarpaceae as recovery plant at PT ITCI Kartika Utama, East Kalimantan Province, RSSI or Indonesia restoration silvicultural system as a method. The object of this research are the increment of dipterocarpaceae and non-dipterocarpaceae, while as the recovery plant is Shorea johorensis (plot A) and Dryobalanops aromatic (Plot B). The research method used theory production and increment (CAI and MAI). The data got since 2004. It was at the age 10 years while conducted predictions and simulation at the age 50 years. Simulation and production analysis used linier regression method. The result of this research showed increment od dipterocapaceae is 1.33 m³/ha/y (plot A),1.28 m³/ha/y( plot B), and the increment of non dipterocarpaceae is 1.49 m³/ha/y (plot A),1.36 m³/ha/y (plot B) at the age 30 years after logging, meanwhile the increment of recovery plant is 3.6 m³/ha/y (plot A), 2.45 m³/ha/y (plot B) at the age 40 as long as cultivation. The value of bioeconomy and the environment based on local wisdom is 35%. It is higher than market price or goverment price license. It means the value of DR and PSDH should be high because market price is not match with refund of environmental services.
Key words: Bio economy, Growth, Logged, Recover
Agroforestry system biodiversity of Arabica coffee cultivation in North Toraja District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
No full textLisnawati A, Lahjie AM, Simarangkir BDAS, Yusuf S, Ruslim Y. 2017. Agroforestry system biodiversity of Arabica coffee cultivation in North Toraja District, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 741-751. Sustainable coffee plantation emphasizes the concept that is able to provide services that can improve the quality of the environment and the ecosystem as a conservation efforts. Arabica coffee plants do not need full sunlight that they are planted according to agroforestry system which covers simple mix system to complex system such as forest. Shade tree has a very big role in sustainable coffee agro-ecosystem and become one of the conditions in the world's coffee certification. This study aimed to analyze the role of shade trees lamtoro types (Leucaena glauca), and calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) used by companies as an agroforestry systems on coffee cultivation in North Toraja located at an altitude between 1050-1250 m above sea level, this study was conducted from January to December 2016. Result of the study suggests that the shade trees lamtoro and calliandra influence the amount of sunlight intensity that reaches coffee plant. The shaded and unshaded coffee plants received different sunlight intensity of every minute with a coefficient of determination R2 = 0.98 for unshaded and R2 = 0.89 for under the shade of calliandra, with a diameter growth increased 7.8% year-1, increase growth (riap) diameter decreased 2% year-1. Cherry increased growth of 13.5% year-1 with an average weight of 3.81 g beans-1,while for the effect of lamtoro, the coefficient of determination is R2 = 0.98 for unshaded and R2 = 0.91 for under the shade. The percentage of light intensity outside and under the shade obtained from a 17 year coffee plant is on average of 58% for the types of tree of calliandra, while for lamtoro the average is of 72.5%, diameter growth of coffee tree in under shade lamtoro by 7.4% year-1 and increase of growth (riap) diameter decreased by 2.5% year-1, cherry growth increased by 13.3% year-1 with an average weight of 3.92 g beans-1. In addition to that, shading also affect the surrounding nutrient soil and maximum production of coffee is achieved at the age 17 years i.e. an average of 1.50 kg tree-1 for a shaded tree calliandra species and 1.35 kg tree-1 for lamtoro species.</jats:p
