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Effect of coumarin on growth of cells cultured in liquid medium from carrot (daucus carota l)
No full textEffetto della fosfinotricina sul grano duro (Triticum durum Desf., cv. Simeto): interazione con la glutammina sintetasi.
No full textAUXIN-LIKE EFFECT OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES EXTRACTED FROM FECES OF ALLOLOBOPHORA-CALIGINOSA AND ANTENNARIA-ROSEA
No full textLeaf explants of Nicotianaplumbaginifolia were compared in cultures supplemented with IAA,
inhibitors of IAA (TIBA = 2,3,Qriiodobenzoic acid and PCIB = 4-chlorophenoxy-isobutyric acid) and
a humic substance (HEf) obtained from the faeces of Allolobophora caliginosa and A. rosea. The results
show that HEf at a concentration of 1 mg Cl- ’ causes root development from leaf explants that appears
to be similar to MA-induced activity, while the control did not develop roots. Furthermore HEf induced
longer roots than those grown in IAA with fewer hair roots. In the presence of the IAA inhibitors, the
leaf explants were without roots. Humic matter, IAA and IAA-inhibitors stimulated peroxidase activity
in N. plumbaginifolia. Also, when the Nicotiana tissues were treated with the humic fraction and IAA there
was a minor polymorphism in the esterase isoenzymes. The presence of both TIBA and PCIB restored
the esterase profile obtained from control tissues. The induced root-forming activity in leaf explants and
the minor polymorphism with respect to the control in the esterase zymograms demonstrate that the humic
substance exhibited auxin-like activity.
HEf, a low molecular size fraction, was obtained from the faeces of Ailolobophora caliginosa (Sav.) and
A. rosea (Sav.) by disaggregating the humic material with acetic acid, confirmed the effectiveness of the
combination of high acidity and low molecular size in influencing the biological activity of the plant system
tested
Effect of molecular complexity and acidity of earthworm faeces humic fractions on glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Daucus carota alpha II cells
No full textCarrot cells were grown in cultures supplemented with two hormones [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 6-benzylaminopurine (6BAP)] and two humic fractions extracted from earthworm faeces, one with high acidity and a low apparent molecular size (<3500) and the other with low acidity and a large molecular size. 2,4-D stimulated growth through an effect on eel enlargement, while the strongly acidic humic fraction (0.2 mg l(-1)) and the weakly acidic fraction (1 mg l(-1)) were both less effective. With 4-16 h of pre-incubation, the highly acid humic fraction, mainly alone, induced the best increase in protein content; the effect of the weakly acid humic fraction and the hormones was generally less important. The two humic fractions also differed in their influence on glutamate dehydrogenase activity. After 2 h of pretreatment, the highly acidic fraction increased glutamate dehydrogenase activity, while the other fraction did not affect it. After 4-16 h of pre-incubation, the activity of this enzyme was still not influenced by these humic fractions. The presence of the two hormones did not interfere with the humic matter effects. Glutamine synthetase activity was not affected by a pre-incubation of up to 4 h with the two humic fractions, but it was stimulated after 8-16 h of pre-incubation. A 2,4-D+6BAP mixture stimulated glutamine synthetase activity (from +12 to +50%). Again, the presence of the hormones did not interfere with the effects induced by the humic fractions. After 16 h of pre-incubation, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity was increased by the highly acidic humic fraction (+93%) and by both humic fractions together (+34%). An explanation of the different incubation times necessary for the humic fractions to exert stimulatory effects on these enzymes is proposed here. The regulatory properties of the strongly acidic humic fraction appeared to depend on the combination of high acidity (expecially carboxylic C) with low molecular size
Caratteristiche cinetiche della inibizione da fosfinotricina della glutammina sintetasi GS2 di grano duro (Triticum durum Desf., cv. Simeto). Atti del XI Congresso della Soc. Ital. di Chimica Agraria pp.
No full text
Effect of glufosinate on amino acid metabolism in cultured cells from carrot (Daucus carota l.)
No full textOzone induces a differential accumulation of phenyalanine ammonia-lyase, chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase RNA transcripts in sensitive and resistant bean cultivars
No full textOn exposure to a realistic ozone dose, an enhanced mRNA accumulation for phenyalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), naringenin-chalcone synthase [malonyl-CoA:4-coumaroyl-CoA malonyltransferase (cyclising); EC 2.3.1.74] and chalcone isomerase [flavanone lyase (decyclising); EC 5.5.1.6] genes, whose products are involved in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid molecules, flavonoid pigments and isoflavonoid phytoalexins, was observed in primary leaves of the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Pinto. This cultivar was previously known to be ozone-sensitive on the basis of the appearance of macroscopic foliar injury, but not in coeval leaves of the bean cv. Groffy, known to be ozone-resistant on the basis of the aforementioned criterion. Distinct time patterns were observed in Pinto leaves for the ozone-dependent enhanced mRNA accumulation for the aforementioned genes, which in all cases largely preceded the appearance of visible injury symptoms. These results lend support to the view of ozone as an abiotic elicitor of plant defence responses. By analogy with other case studies, it is also suggested that proneness to develop visible ozone symptoms might rest on a sequence of molecular events similar to that leading to the hypersensitive response during plant-pathogen incompatible interactions
Genetic variation of an Italian long shelf-life tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) collection by using SSR and morphological fruit traits
No full textThe recovery of ancient germplasm in
tomato (Solanum lycopersicon L.) has become necessary
to limit the wide genetic erosion caused by the
employment of modern cultivars. Among germplasm
collections, long shelf-life landraces could represent an
important source of biodiversity. The present study
provides a first set of molecular and phenotypic data on
long shelf-life (so called ‘‘da serbo’’ in southern Italy)
tomato collection, mainly originated from Sicily
together with some landraces from Campania and
Apulia. The analysis of fruit traits showed a low intravarietal
variation, while exhibiting a quite higher intervarietal
variability. Overall, the cultivars have been
classified in six fruit shape classes of which flattened
and slightly flattened included the 54.76 % of the
collection. The principal component analysis (PCA)
showed a large cluster in which almost all landraces
from Sicily were included. The microsatellite (SSR)
analysis confirmed a low intra-varietal variation, and
the very low heterozygosity (Ho) revealed a high degree
of homozygosity in these landraces. In accordance with
limited morphological variability, the values of microsatellite
polymorphism (PIC) showed a low genetic
variability among these long shelf-life tomato cultivars.
Cluster analysis based on 10 polymorphic SSR was not
able to distinguish landraces for their different origin,
while allowed to classify similar genotypes in four
groups. Three groups showed a limited genetic distance
while in a fourth largest and genetic variable cluster was
included genotypes more selectable for traits of agronomic
interest. Overall, the phenotypic and genetic
variation allowed us to classify a collection of Sicilian
long shelf-life tomato landraces
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