1,721,031 research outputs found
Importance of vision screening in children regardless of socioeconomic status
No full textNo abstract availabl
Blefarocongiuntiviti e Cheratopatie Superficiali.
No full textTraduzione dall’inglese in italiano del Cap.
Overview of the retina and imaging in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Full text linkIntroduction: The role of the human eye in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is still under investigation. The pathophysiology of the ocular findings is arduous when dealing with critically ill Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. Multiorgan involvement and the effects of inflammation, infection and systemic treatment on the retina are complex, and comparison of studies is difficult. Most studies in human patients have investigated the anterior segment, whereas few reports deal with the posterior segment of the eye. The present review aims to evaluate the retinal manifestations and imaging features in COVID-19 patients. Methods: Studies on the retinal manifestations and retinal imaging in COVID-19 patients published through June 2021 were reviewed. We included cross-sectional and case–control studies, case series, case reports and correspondence in the analysis. Results: Flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, augmented diameter and tortuosity of retinal vessels were found on funduscopic examination. Peripapillary, macular retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness alterations were reported on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Reduced vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus on optical coherence tomography angiography was reported. Conclusions: Retinal complications may arise in COVID-19 patients. Although no consensus on presentation is currently available, retinal funduscopy and imaging has shown neuronal and vascular alterations. Systemic neurological complications and microangiopathy are associated with SARS-COV-2; thus, as the retina has a neuronal and vascular component, funduscopy and retinal imaging on COVID-19 patients can provide further insight to SARS-COV-2 disease and the follow-up of patients
Long-term follow-up of adult patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 with retinal astrocytic hamartoma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography: a review of the literature and a report of a case
No full textBackground: Retinal astrocytic hamartoma (RAH) is a tumor that can be sporadic or in the context of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and has been reported to be associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in a few cases. Patient and methods: A 65-year-old male patient with NF1 was referred for ophthalmological evaluation. Comprehensive examination, near-infrared reflectance (NIR), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT), fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were carried out. The follow-up of the patient was at 4 and 7 years. Results: Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 in both eyes. Anterior segment examination revealed bilateral Lisch nodules. Fundus examination was unremarkable but at NIR and SDOCT the patient presented choroidal hamartoma, microvascular retinal alterations, and enlarged choroidal vessels in both eyes. NIR also revealed an unusual area of peripapillary hyporeflectivity in the right eye. On SDOCT, this corresponded to an elevated peripapillary mass characterized by intralesional optically empty cavities in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL), diagnosed as a RAH. Four years later, BCVA was 20/25 with a retinal schisis departing from the lesion to the macula. At 7 years, BCVA was stable at 20/25, the lesion was smaller, and there was a slight reduction of the schisis. Conclusion: RAH is a rare finding in NF1 and the translucent type has not been previously reported. RAH in NF1 has a peripapillary location and demonstrates clinically unpredictable behavior; thus, close monitoring with multimodal imaging is advisable
An update on the ophthalmic features in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome)
Full text linkHereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disease, characterised by systemic angiodysplasia. Dysfunction of the signalling pathway of β transforming growth factor is the main cause of HHT principally owing to mutations of the genes encoding for endoglin (ENG) and activin A receptor type II-like 1 (ACVRL1). Clinical manifestations can range from mucocutaneous telangiectasia to organ arterio-venous malformations and recurrent epistaxis. The early clinical manifestations may sometimes be subtle, and diagnosis may be delayed. The main ophthalmic manifestations historically reported in HHT are haemorrhagic epiphora, and conjunctival telangiectasia present in 45–65% of cases, however, imaging with wide-field fluorescein angiography has recently shown peripheral retinal telangiectasia in 83% of patients. Optimal management of HHT requires both understanding of the clinical presentations and detection of early signs of disease. Advances in imaging methods in ophthalmology such as wide-field fluorescein angiography, spectral domain optical coherence tomography, and near infrared reflectance promise further insight into the ophthalmic signs of HHT towards improved diagnosis and early management of possible severe complications
Ultrastructural immunolocalization of fibronectin in descement membrane of commercial pig cornea
No full textThis study evaluated the ultrastructural morphology and the light and electron microscopic immunolocalization of fibronectin
in porcine Descemet membrane (DM). Descement membrane was composed mainly of fibrillar material and was more electron-dense
on the stromal face. Immunohistochemistry revealed a linear staining in the DM-posterior stroma interface. By immunoelectron
microscopy, fibronectin appeared localized along the electrondense band of DM and in the posterior stroma above DM
Evaluation of the progression of visual field damage in patients suffering from early manifest glaucoma
Full text linkAbstract
BACKGROUND:
This retrospective study aimed to determine how often a perimetric examination should be carried out in order to identify visual field (VF) changes in patients with relatively early manifestation glaucoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Patients included had a relatively recent manifestation of primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients with a minimum follow-up of 5 years and a minimum of seven VF tests were included. Statistical analysis was performed to verify the trend of variations in mean defect (MD) over time (PeriData). The results were subjected to a t-test for a comparative analysis of progression of VF changes over time. The annual rate of progression provided by PeriData considering all the VFs analyzed was compared with that obtained on half of the VF examinations during the same follow-up period. An analysis of the MD trend over time was also carried out in relationship to the number of VF tests done and by dividing the sample into a high-frequency group (more than eight VFs) and a low-frequency group (fewer than eight VFs) in the follow-up period.
RESULTS:
A total of 96 eyes of 96 patients were included, and overall 846 VFs were examined. The paired t-test performed comparing the MD index of all the VFs against half of them did not show statistical significance (P=0.537). The high-frequency group comprised 39 eyes (average VF 11.05±1.91, average time interval 0.76 years) while the low-frequency group comprised 57 eyes (average VF 6.95±0.6, average time interval 1.21 years). The analysis of the MD trend in the high-frequency patients showed significance (P=0.017); the low-frequency group did not show statistical significance (P=0.08).
CONCLUSION:
The number of VFs in a determined time interval was not significant. However, a greater frequency of tests provides a predictive evaluation of the rate of progression of early manifestation open-angle glaucoma
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