1,721,098 research outputs found
The impact of economic resources on premarital childbearing and subsequent marriage among young American women
No full textThis paper extends previous work on premarital childbearing by modeling both the entry rates and the exit rates of unwed motherhood among young American women. In particular, I investigate the impact of economic resources on the likelihood of experiencing a premarital birth and then of subsequent marriage. Using a multiple-destination, multiple-spell hazard regression model and a microsimulation analysis, I analyze the accumulating effects of various economic variables. The results show that the economic resources are indeed important both for premarital childbearing and for subsequent marriage. However, the simulations show that large changes in these economic variables do not necessarily translate into large changes in nonmarital childbearing
The role of villages in households' poverty exit: Evidence from a multilevel model for rural Vietnam
No full textVietnam experienced a dramatic drop in overall poverty during the 90s. However, the poverty reduction showed substantial variation across households, villages and regions. Using a multilevel model on panel data from the rural sample of the Vietnam Living Standard Measurement Survey we demonstrate the important role of villages in household poverty exit dynamics. We also show how an analysis of village-level random effects predictions can help targeting of policies to reduce poverty. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
La persistenza di povertà tra i giovani europei. Fattori di rischio, persistenza, correttivi
No full textLo studio analizza i fattori associati alla persistenza di povertà fra i giovani in undici paesi europei. Oltre alle condizioni che spiegano normalmente la povertà e la sua persistenza (avere un basso livello di istruzione, vivere senza un partner, uscire dalla famiglia d’origine ed essere senza lavoro), emerge l’importanza del sistema di welfare nello smussare i principali fattori di rischio cui i giovani sono esposti nel processo di transizione allo stato adulto. Si evidenzia come per i giovani europei l’uscita dalla famiglia d’origine sia uno dei principali fattori di rischio, mentre la maggiore probabilità di sperimentare la povertà persistente da parte delle donne sia dovuta principalmente a variabili di contesto ed in particolare all’ineguaglianza di opportunità
The interrelations between cohabitation, marriage and first birth in Germany and Sweden
No full textWe study the interrelationships between union-formation forms and fertility in Swedish and West German female cohorts born in 1949-1971. We apply simultaneous hazard models, permitting the presence of correlated unobserved heterogeneity. This method allows us to control for country-specific composition of the population with respect to several socio-economic variables, as well as with respect to unobserved factors jointly affecting childbearing and union formation behavior. Our results confirm that partnership formation and the transition to parenthood are partially interchangeable. Net of those selection effects, we find that the impact of being in a union on first birth is higher in Sweden than in Germany, in particular for cohabitation. © 2004 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc
A cohort perspective of youth poverty in the United States
No full textThe aim of this paper is to study the degree of poverty persistence of American young adults and its evolution. Using data from NLSY79 and NLSY97, respectively, we compared two cohorts followed along eight years (in the 1980s and in the 2000s) to asses which socio-economic characteristics preserve them to fall in chronic poverty or determine the duration and severity of this detrimental experience
Grandparenting and mothers' labour force participation: A comparative analysis using the generations and gender survey
No full textBACKGROUND: It is well known that the provision of public childcare plays an important role for women labour force participation and its availability varies tremendously across countries. In many countries, informal childcare is also important and typically provided by the grandparents, but its role on mothers' employment is not yet well understood. Understanding the relationship between labour supply decisions and grandparental childcare is complex. While the provision of grandparental childcare is clearly a function of the social and institutional context of a country, it also depends on family preferences, which are typically unobserved in surveys. OBJECTIVE: We analyze the role of informal childcare provided by grandparents on mothers' labour force participation keeping unobserved preferences into account. METHODS: Bivariate probit models with instrumental variables are estimated on data from seven countries (Bulgaria, France, Georgia, Germany, Hungary, Russia and The Netherlands) drawn from the Generations and Gender Survey. RESULTS: We find that only in some countries mothers' employment is positively and significantly associated with grandparents providing childcare. In other countries, once we control for unobserved preferences, we do not find this effect. CONCLUSIONS: The role of grandparents is an important element to reconcile work and family for women in some countries. Our results show the importance of considering family preferences and country differences when studying the relationship between grandparental childcare and mothers' labour supply. COMMENTS: Our results are consistent with previous research on this topic. However, differently from previous studies, we conduct separate analyses by country and show that the effect of grandparental childcare varies considerably. The fact that we also include in the analyses Bulgaria, Hungary, Russia and Georgia is an important novelty as there are no studies on this issue for these countries. © 2011 Arnstein Aassve, Bruno Arpino & Alice Goisis
Leaving Home Ain't Easy. A comparative longitudinal analysis of ECHP data
No full textMPIDR (Rostock) Working Paper WP-2001-03
Estimating the causal effect of fertility on economic wellbeing: data requirements, identifying assumptions and estimation methods
No full textThis paper aims to answer to what extent fertility has a causal effect on households’ economic wellbeing - an issue that has received considerable interest in development studies and policy analysis. However, only recently has the literature begun to give importance to adequate modelling for estimation of causal effects. We discuss several strategies for causal inference, stressing that their validity must be judged on the assumptions we can plausibly formulate in a given application, which in turn depends on the richness of available data. This discussion has a general importance, representing a set of guidelines that can be helpful to choose the appropriate strategy of analysis. We contrast methods relying on the Unconfoundedness Assumption, which include regressions and propensity score matching, with Instrumental Variable methods. We discuss why they give different estimates of the causal effect using data from the Vietnam Living Standard measurement Survey
The impact of income and occupational status on leaving home: evidence from the Italian ECHP sample
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