605 research outputs found
2026: Ruth Awad
No full textRuth Awad is a Lebanese-American disabled poet, a 2021 NEA Poetry fellow, and the author of Outside the Joy (Third Man Books, 2024) and Set to Music a Wildfire (Southern Indiana Review Press, 2017), winner of the 2016 Michael Waters Poetry Prize and the 2018 Ohioana Book Award for Poetry. Her work can be found in The Atlantic, AGNI, Poetry, Poem-a-Day, The Believer, The New Republic, and elsewhere. She has an MGA in poetry from Southern Illinois University Carbondale, and she lives and writes in Columbus, Ohio.https://thekeep.eiu.edu/lionsinwinter_writers/1055/thumbnail.jp
Studies on the pro-oxidant chemistry of flavonoids
No full textThere is currently much interest in the development of functional foods aiming at the prevention of the development of some diseases, for example cancer, by the introduction of selected natural substances at elevated levels into the diet. The rationale for this approach is based especially on epidemiological data that indicate that food items containing such chemicals may reduce the risk of these diseases in humans. Epidemiological studies indicate, for example, that diets rich in fruit and vegetables protect against a variety of diseases, including heart diseases and certain forms of cancer. However, identification of the actual ingredient in a specific diet responsible for the beneficial health effects remains an important bottleneck for translating observational epidemiology to development of a functional food ingredient. The protection against cancer afforded by fruit and vegetables has been attributed to antioxidant micronutrients such as vitamin C, beta-carotene and vitamin E, which may act at many sites, including the stomach, intestine, lung and bladder. However, present scientific attention is focusing as well on the significance of other minor dietary components, notably the flavonoids as protectants against disease. Flavonoids are widespread in nature and are found in considerable quantities in fruits, vegetables, seeds, peel and tubers. The average Western diet may provide up to 1 g of flavonoids per day. Numerous in vitro studies show that flavonoids are potent antioxidants and metal chelators. Their potential as anti-inflammatory, antiallergic and antiviral compounds has also attracted attention. These studies provide the basis for the present rapidly increasing interest for the use of flavonoids as functional food ingredients. As a result increased human exposure to flavonoids can be expected in the near future. In shops and at the internet, food and food supplements based on (iso)flavonoids as functional ingredients are marketed. This, although hard scientific data supporting the health claims as well as data allowing a balanced risk-benefit evaluation are lacking. For flavonoids increased future human exposure regimens induce the question on their pro-oxidant chemistry. There is considerable evidence that some flavonoids are mutagenic in both bacterial and mammalian experimental systems. A high incidence of gastric cancer in some human populations has been linked to consumption of wine containing potentially mutagenic flavonoids (Tamura et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77, 4961-4965, 1980, Hoey et al. , Am. J. Epidemiol., 113, 669-974, 1981). Relatively little is understood about either the toxicity or protection afforded by flavonoids in humans.Since flavonoid quinone/quinone methides have been suggested as the major metabolites responsible for the possible pro-oxidant toxicity and mutagenicity of flavonoids, characterisation of flavonoid quinone chemistry is of importance. However, little information is available on the structure and reactivity of these flavonoid oxidation products. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to investigate the pro-oxidant chemistry of flavonoids and to perform structure activity studies on the chemical behaviour of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoids with special emphasis on the nature and reactivity of the quinone/quinone methide type metabolites formed. Using the GSH trapping method, HPLC, LC/MS, MALDI-TOF, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and quantum mechanical computer calculations the quinone/quinone methide chemistry of a series of 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoids could be characterised.The results provide insight in structure-activity-relationships for the pro-oxidant chemistry of these electrophilic quinone/quinone methide flavonoid metabolites. The results obtained also reveal an unexpected pH-dependent electrophilic behaviour of B ring catechol flavonoids. Furthermore the results of this thesis also reveal, for the first time, evidence for the pro-oxidative chemistry of quercetin in a cellular in vitro model. The formation of these glutathionyl-flavonoid adducts provides evidence for the actual pro-oxidative formation of reactive quinone type metabolites from B ring catechol flavonoids in the selected cellular in vitro model using melanoma cells. Oxidation of the catechols to quinones and their isomeric quinone methides generates potent electrophiles that could alkylate DNA. Interestingly, the structural requirements essential for good antioxidant activity match the requirements essential for pro-oxidant action and quinone methide formation. Altogether, the pro-oxidant behaviour of flavonoids and their quinone/quinone methides are far from straight forward and need to be re-evaluated especially in the framework of the risk-benefit evaluation of the use of these flavonoids as functional food ingredients and/or food supplements.SamenvattingEr is momenteel veel interesse voor de ontwikkeling van functionele voedingsmiddelen (functional foods), met als doel het voorkomen van het ontstaan van ziekten zoals bijvoorbeeld kanker, via het in verhoogde mate introduceren van geselecteerde natuurlijke bestanddelen in het dieet. De basis voor deze aanpak wordt momenteel met name gevonden in epidemiologische studies die laten zien dat diëten rijk aan specifieke voedselcomponenten of ingrediënten de kans op bepaalde ziekten bij de mens verlagen. Zo geven epidemiologische studies bijvoorbeeld aan dat diëten die rijk zijn aan fruit en groenten beschermen tegen een aantal ziekten zoals hartziekten en bepaalde vormen van kanker. Echter, het identificeren van de belangrijke ingrediënten in het betreffende dieet die het gezondheidsbevorderende effect tot stand brengen is een knelpunt voor het vertalen van de resultaten uit de epidemiologie naar de ontwikkeling van een functioneel voedingsingrediënt.De bescherming tegen kanker door groenten en fruit is toegeschreven aan antioxidanten zoals vitamine C, beta-caroteen en vitamine E, die op vele plaatsen in het lichaam, zoals de maag, darmen, long en de blaas actief zijn. Wetenschappelijk wordt momenteel veel aandacht besteed aan het mogelijke belang van andere belangrijke dieet componenten, zoals flavonoïden, als beschermende ingrediënten tegen ziekte. Flavonoïden komen in de natuur veel voor, en worden met name in hoge concentraties gevonden in fruit, groenten, knollen en zaden. Het gemiddelde Westerse dieet bevat ongeveer 1 gram aan flavonoïden per dag.Vele in vitro studies tonen aan dat flavonoïden goede antioxidanten en metaal chelatoren zijn. Daarnaast hebben ze anti-inflammatoire, anti-allergische en anti-virale eigenschappen die van belang worden geacht. Deze bevindingen verschaffen de basis voor de momenteel snel groeiende interesse om flavonoïden te gebruiken als functionele voedingsingrediënten. Als gevolg hiervan zou er in de nabije toekomst een toename in de opname van flavonoïden via het dieet verwacht kunnen worden. In winkels en via het internet worden voedingsmiddelen en voedingssupplementen gebaseerd op (iso)flavonoïden als functionele voedingsingrediënten verkocht. Dit, terwijl zowel de wetenschappelijke onderbouwing voor de gezondheidsclaims als gegevens die een gebalanceerde "risk-benefit" analyse mogelijk maken, nog ontbreken. In het geval van verhoogde toekomstige blootstelling van mensen aan flavonoïden worden voor de risk-benefit evaluatie vragen van belang rond hun mogelijk pro-oxidatieve chemisch gedrag. Er zijn aanwijzingen dat sommige flavonoïden mutageen zijn in zowel bacteriële als zoogdier in vitro test systemen. Een verhoogde mate aan maagkanker in bepaalde humane populaties is in verband gebracht met de consumptie van wijn met daarin mogelijk mutagene flavonoïden (Tamura et al. , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 77, 4961-4965, 1980, Hoey et al. , Am. J. Epidem., 113, 669-974, 1981). Alles samenvattend is er eigenlijk weinig bekend van de schadelijke maar ook van de gezondheidsbevorderende effecten van flavonoïden.Omdat flavonoid chinon/chinon methides genoemd zijn als de belangrijkste metabolieten die verantwoordelijk zouden zijn voor de mogelijke pro-oxidatieve toxiciteit en mutageniteit van flavonoïden, is karakterisering van deze pro-oxidant chemie van flavonoïden van belang. Echter er is weinig bekend over de structuur en de reactiviteit van deze flavonoid oxidatie producten. Daarom was het doel van deze studie de pro-oxidant chemie van flavonoïden te onderzoeken en een structuur-activiteits studie uit te voeren naar het chemische gedrag van 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoïden. Daarbij werd speciale aandacht besteed aan de aard en reactiviteit van de gevormde chinon/chinon methide metabolieten. Met behulp van de GSH-trapping methode, HPLC, LC/MS, MALDI-TOF, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR en kwantum-chemische computerberekeningen kon de chinon/chinon methide chemie van een serie 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoiden gekarakteriseerd worden.De verkregen resultaten geven inzicht in de structuur-activteits relaties voor de pro-oxidatieve chemie van de electrofiele chinon /chinon methides metabolieten van de flavonoïden. De resultaten laten ook een onverwacht effect zien van de pH op het electrofiele gedrag van de B-ring catechol flavonoïden. Bovendien laten de resultaten van het proefschrift zien dat zelfs onder reducerende omstandigheden in een cellulair in vitro model (melanoma cellen) de pro-oxidatieve chemie van quercetine van belang kan zijn. Met name de vorming van glutathion-flavonoid conjugaten is een bewijs dat in het gekozen cellulaire model de pro-oxidatieve vorming van reactieve flavonoid chinon/ chinon methide metabolieten is opgetreden. Oxidatie van de catecholen naar chinonen en hun isomere chinon methides genereert electrofielen die DNA kunnen alkyleren. Van belang is dat de structurele randvoorwaarden die een flavonoid een goede antioxidant maken gelijk blijken te zijn aan de structurele kenmerken die essentieel zijn voor pro-oxidant gedrag en chinon methide vorming.Al met al is de pro-oxidant chemie van flavonoïden en van hun chinon /chinon methides verre van recht toe recht aan gebleken en zou de pro-oxidatieve chemie en de toxiciteit van de flavonoïden in het kader van hun gebruik als functional food ingredienten beter onderzocht en afgewogen moeten worden, rekening houdend met hun mogelijk gezondheidsbevorderende effecten
D-dimensional charged Anti-de-Sitter black holes in f (T) gravity
No full textAbstract We present a D-dimensional charged Anti-de-Sitter black hole solutions in f (T) gravity, where f (T) = T + βT 2 and D ≥ 4. These solutions are characterized by flat or cylindrical horizons. The interesting feature of these solutions is the existence of inseparable electric monopole and quadrupole terms in the potential which share related momenta, in contrast with most of the known charged black hole solutions in General Relativity and its extensions. Furthermore, these solutions have curvature singularities which are milder than those of the known charged black hole solutions in General Relativity and Teleparallel Gravity. This feature can be shown by calculating some invariants of curvature and torsion tensors. Furthermore, we calculate the total energy of these black holes using the energy-momentum tensor. Finally, we show that these charged black hole solutions violate the first law of thermodynamics in agreement with previous results
Multicomponent image segmentation using a genetic algorithm and artificial neural network
No full textImage segmentation is an essential process for image analysis. Several methods were developed to segment multicomponent images, and the success of these methods depends on several factors including 1) the characteristics of the acquired image and 2) the percentage of imperfections in the process of image acquisition. The majority of these methods require a priori knowledge, which is difficult to obtain. Furthermore, they assume the existence of models that can estimate its parameters and fit to the given data. However, such a parametric approach is not robust, and its performance is severely affected by the correctness of the utilized parametric model. In this letter, a new multicomponent image segmentation method is developed using a nonparametric unsupervised artificial neural network called Kohonen's self-organizing map (SOM) and hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA). SOM is used to detect the main features that are present in the image; then, HGA is used to cluster the image into homogeneous regions without any a priori knowledge. Experiments that are performed on different satellite images confirm the efficiency and robustness of the SOM-HGA method compared to the Iterative Self-Organizing DATA analysis technique (ISODATA). © 2007 IEEE.ARIA EH, 2004, P 20 ISPRS C IST TUR, P117; AWAD M, IN PRESS INT J REMOT; BACAO F, 2005, P ICCS 2005 C, P476; Baker J. E., 1987, P 2 INT C GEN ALG, P14; CHEN Q, 2004, LECT NOTES COMPUT SC, V33, P621; Chun DN, 1996, PATTERN RECOGN, V29, P1195, DOI 10.1016-0031-3203(95)00148-4; Fauzi M., 2003, P BRIT MACH VIS C, P519; HOLLLAND J, 1975, ADAPT NATURAL ARTIFI; HUAPT R, 2004, PRACTICAL GENETIC AL; Jensen J. R., 1996, INTRO DIGITAL IMAGE; Kohavi R., 1998, APPL MACHINE LEARNIN, V30, P271; Levine M. D., 1985, VISION MAN MACHINE; NEVATIA R, 1980, COMPUT VISION GRAPH, V13, P257, DOI 10.1016-0146-664X(80)90049-0; Ng SC, 1996, IEEE SIGNAL PROC MAG, V13, P38, DOI 10.1109-79.543974; PARZEN E, 1962, ANN MATH STAT, V33, P1065, DOI 10.1214-aoms-1177704472; PERKINS S, 2000, FUZZY SYST EVOL COMP, V3, P52; Pina P, 2003, INT GEOSCI REMOTE SE, P3516; PRATT W, 1991, DIGITA IMAGE PROCESS; Tou J.T., 1974, PATTERN RECOGNITION; Wang X., 2004, P IEEE C ROB AUT MEC, P991; Xiaoying Jin, 2003, Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (Cat. No.03CH37442); Xu BG, 2002, AATCC REV, V2, P42; Yao KC, 2000, PATTERN RECOGN, V33, P1575, DOI 10.1016-S0031-3203(99)00135-1; YIN HJ, 1995, NEURAL COMPUT, V7, P1178, DOI 10.1162-neco.1995.7.6.117834232
The sorption of ammonia on brown coal
No full text© 1978 Dr. Awad Rizk OussaThis thesis is a report of an investigation carried out by the author between 1st April 1969 to 31st October 1973 on a full time basis and from 1st December 1975 to 31st July 1978 on a part time basis. The research project was conducted by the author in the Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, and on the premises of Australian Char Pty. Ltd., Morwell.
The project was based on the premise that useful information on the brown coal-ammonia system can be obtained from sorption isotherms. The author designed and assembled the apparatus with this in mind, and developed a method of obtaining a self-consistent and meaningful interpretation of the sorption isotherms. Thermodynamic data for the ammonia sorption process was derived and used to develop a preliminary model for the ammonia-brown coal system.
No separate literature review has been presented in the thesis, though frequent reference to the literature has been made in the discussions in each chapter.
Finally, the experimental details have been included in the appendices at the end of the thesis
Superconducting properties of zinc substitution in Tl-2223 phase
No full textThe effect of partial replacement of copper by zinc in Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10-δ superconductor phase is studied. Superconducting samples of the nominal composition Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3-xZnx O10-δ with x ranging from 0 to 0.6 are prepared under normal pressure by a one step of solid-state reaction technique. The samples are characterized by using X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and EDX. The X-ray data indicate that the partial replacement of Cu2+ions by Zn2+ions does not influence the tetragonal structure of the samples, and the lattice parameters a and c vary according to the difference in the ionic radii of Cu and Zn. The superconducting parameters, such as superconducting transition temperature Tc, critical current density Jc and irreversibility field Bir are calculated from electrical resistivity and AC-magnetic susceptibility measurements. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Abou-Aly A.I., 2002, INT C RES TRENDS SCI, V91; ADACHI S, 1990, PHYSICA C, V111, P543; Awad R, 2000, PHYSICA C, V341, P685, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(00)00650-X; Awad R, 2007, SUPERCOND SCI TECH, V20, P401, DOI 10.1088-0953-2048-20-4-017; Awad R, 2001, PHYSICA B, V307, P72, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4526(01)00971-1; Batista-Leyva AJ, 2003, SUPERCOND SCI TECH, V16, P857, DOI 10.1088-0953-2048-16-8-305; BEAN CP, 1964, REV MOD PHYS, V36, P31, DOI 10.1103-RevModPhys.36.31; BERKLEY DD, 1993, PHYS REV B, V47, P5524, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevB.47.5524; CHEN DX, 1990, PHYSICA C, V167, P317, DOI 10.1016-0921-4534(90)90349-J; Chu SY, 2000, PHYSICA C, V337, P229, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(00)00107-6; Fradina IA, 1999, PHYSICA C, V311, P81, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(98)00563-2; Glowacki BA, 1997, CRYOGENICS, V37, P609, DOI 10.1016-S0011-2275(97)00053-2; HAZEN RM, 1988, PHYS REV LETT, V60, P1657, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevLett.60.1657; Isber S, 2005, SUPERCOND SCI TECH, V18, P311, DOI 10.1088-0953-2048-18-3-018; Isber S, 2006, J PHYS CONF SER, V43, P450, DOI 10.1088-1742-6596-43-1-112; Kayed TS, 2003, CRYST RES TECHNOL, V38, P946, DOI 10.1002-crat.200310118; Kuhberger M, 2003, PHYSICA C, V390, P263, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(03)00706-8; LEE MW, 1995, PHYSICA C, V245, P6, DOI 10.1016-0921-4534(95)00100-X; Mezzetti E, 2000, PHYSICA C, V332, P115, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(00)00008-3; MOHAMMED NH, 2005, ARAB INT C REC ADV P, P9; Nishida A, 2003, PHYSICA C, V392, P349, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(03)00848-7; Pavard S, 1999, PHYSICA C, V316, P198, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(99)00259-2; Ravi S, 2000, PHYSICA C, V330, P58, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(99)00611-5; REN ZF, 1991, PHYSICA C, V184, P24, DOI 10.1016-0921-4534(91)91496-Q; RUCKENSTEIN E, 1989, MATER LETT, V8, P421, DOI 10.1016-0167-577X(89)90065-7; Tang H, 1997, PHYSICA C, V282, P2111, DOI 10.1016-S0921-4534(97)01171-4; Triscone G, 1996, PHYSICA C, V264, P233, DOI 10.1016-0921-4534(96)00262-6; VANDERAH TA, 1992, CHEM SUPERCONDUCTOR, P90; WANG YB, 1993, J LOW TEMP PHYS, V15, P169; WESTERHOLT K, 1989, PHYS REV B, V39, P11680, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevB.39.11680; Wisniewski A, 2000, PHYS REV B, V61, P791, DOI 10.1103-PhysRevB.61.791; XU YW, 1990, PHYSICA C, V169, P205, DOI 10.1016-0921-4534(90)90177-G; Yamauchi H, 1998, SUPERCOND SCI TECH, V11, P1006, DOI 10.1088-0953-2048-11-10-022; Yang Li, 1994, Physics Letters A, V18543
SIRA: A socially inspired game theoretic uplink-downlink resource aware allocation in OFDMA systems
No full textGiven the exploding number of mobile subscribers and the quality of service requirements of emerging mobile services specially the multimedia ones, efficient use of the limited network resources has become so important that it is driving development of intelligent resource allocation (RA) algorithms. Whereas link specific RA problems have been widely investigated in the literature targeting either the uplink or downlink of a communication system, we present in this paper, SIRA, a novel joint uplink-downlink RA scenario in an OFDMA system for users running symmetrical services on their mobile devices. The RA process is modeled as a social gaming paradigm where users are considered as players interacting with the base station which takes the role of a principal controlling the RA game. Intelligently evolving from a soft RA and inspired by the model of team development proposed by Bruce Tuckman, SIRA uses penalty based concepts which play a feedback mechanism role from a system theory perspective to finalize the decision on allocated resources. Simulation results show the merit of the proposed technique and motivate follow on research. © 2011 IEEE
Progressive image transmission using edge detection
No full textIn this paper, a progressive image compression and transmission using edge detection scheme is adopted. The image is decomposed into two (primary and secondary) components. Canny method is adopted to detect the edges of the encoded image. These edges are replaced with a pre-designed nine basis nameplates. Then, the Macro edge detection technique is used to reduce the number of these nameplates and keep only the edges that are necessary for visual quality.
Eight directional predictions and interpolation technique will be performed on the encoded edges to reconstruct the first layer of the primary component at both receiver and transmitter sides. This is called the 1st stage reconstructed image, which is subtracted from the original to have the 1st stage smooth component. Then, this process will be repeated for the 2nd and the 3rd stage components.
The 3rd stage smooth component is filtered using an optimal decomposition filter and then decimated by a factor of 2. The decimated component is encoded using VQ. The decoded result of the smooth image is added to the three layers that form the primary component to have the reconstructed image. An excellent reconstructed images are found at an average of 0.179 bpp (compression ratio 45:1) and with an average PSNR of 39.45 dB. This algorithm is found to be of lower bit rate than existing image compression techniques.Corresponding Author:
Prof. Awad Kh. Al-Asmari
Electrical Engineering Department
College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
E-mail: [email protected]
TERNIMET FARIS THE BIOGRAPHY NOVEL FOR AWAD ALAAQMI STUDY IN NARRATIVE ELEMENTS AND CONSTITUENTS
No full textتعد الرواية السيرذاتية من أنواع الكتابة السردية الحديثة، فهي تجمع بين خصائص فنين سرديين معروفين هما السيرة والرواية. تنتمي رواية (ترنيمة فارس) لعوض العلقمي إلى هذا النوع من الكتابة، حيث يسرد فيها مؤلفُها الأحداثَ التي مر بها هو وأفراد عائلته ومنطقته منذ عهد حكم السلطنات في خمسينات القرن الماضي وصولًا إلى عام 2018م زمن كتابة هذه الرواية التي قسَّمها مؤلفُها على أربع بنيات حكائية جاءت خيوطها السردية متناسقة ومتماسكة؛ وهي: حكاية مولد الصبار، وحكاية المهجَّرين، وحكاية رجولة قبل الأوان، وحكاية العودة المرتقبة. ونستعرضها نقديًا من ناحية العناصر الشكلية كالعنوان واسم المؤلف والنص الملحق، وكذلك بنية الشخصيات الرئيسة والثانوية، والبنية المكانية والزمنية، سالكين في دراستنا هذه المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. ثم خلصنا إلى إيراد ما توصلنا إليه من نتائج.The biography novel is a modern narrative writing genre, combining between two well-known narrative artists characteristics, the biography and the novel. The novel of “Hymn of Persia” (ternimet Faris) by Awad Al-Alqami is belongs to this type of writing, in which the author recounts the events that he and his family and region have experienced since the rule of the Sultanates in the 1950s till 2018s the time of writing this novel, which divided it by the Author into four tales’ structure whose narrative threads were consistent and coherent. It is: Cactus's born tale, Displaced people tale, manhood prematurely tale, and an expected return story. We have reviewed it critically, in terms of formal elements such as title, author's name and supplementary text, as well as the structure of the main and secondary characters, spatial and temporal structure. In our study, we took this descriptive and analytical curriculum. Then we concluded to these results
Prediction of sand production from a Saudi sandstone reservoir
No full textSand production is encountered in some Saudi oil fields. Six sand samples produced from different wells in a Saudi oil reservoir were obtained. Sandstone samples obtained from the same reservoir were subjected to uniaxial and triaxial failure tests. The debris produced from the sandstone samples and the six sand samples were characterized for their mineralogy using X-ray diffractometer and grain size distribution using standard sieves. Statistical analyses were employed to check whether a statistical difference between the sand samples produced from oil wells and debris collected from the failed sandstone specimens is significant or not. The critical oil rates of the Saudi oil reservoir were also calculated for different well inclination angles. Results show that, no significant statistical difference between the sand samples and debris exists at a confidence level of 95%. Two obvious failure mechanisms, splitting and shear failure, are responsible for sand production from the studied Saudi oil reservoir. The maximum sand-free production for the studied oil reservoir range from 960 to 4080 barrels per day.Corresponding Author:
Professor Musaed N. J. Al-Awad, Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Email: [email protected]
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