9 research outputs found
Overweight and obesity among patients attending a Nigerian oral surgery clinic: implications for oral surgical practice in Nigeria
No full textAim: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among
patients attending oral and maxillofacial outpatient clinic of the
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; and discuss the clinical
and surgical implications that obesity has on the delivery of oral and
maxillofacial surgical and anaesthetic care. Methods: Consecutive
patients presenting to the oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient
clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria over a
4-month period (May-August 2004) were screened for age, sex, height and
weight. All of the patients were treated for dentoalveolar surgical
procedures (routine and surgical extractions), incisional and
excisional biopsies, and enucleation under local anaesthesia. Results:
The BMIs of the studied patients ranged from 16.7 to 39.8 kg/m2, with a
mean of 24.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2. Prevalence of excess weight was 39.1%.
Thirty-one (11.4%) patients were obese and 75 (27.7%) patients were
overweight. A significant difference was observed in the BMIs of male
and female patients (P=0.000). The age groups < 30 years had mean
BMIs that were considered normal; whereas other age groups above 30
years had mean BMIs that were considered overweight. Prevalence of
obesity increases with increasing age. Obese individuals were seen in
all the age groups except those < 20 years. Conculsions: The
prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) in patients
presenting in the studied oral and maxillofacial outpatient setting was
39.1%. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon needs to be aware of
obesity-/overweight-related medical and surgical issues and take them
into consideration when treating these patients
Overweight and obesity among patients attending a Nigerian oral surgery clinic: implications for oral surgical practice in Nigeria
No full textAim: To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among
patients attending oral and maxillofacial outpatient clinic of the
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; and discuss the clinical
and surgical implications that obesity has on the delivery of oral and
maxillofacial surgical and anaesthetic care. Methods: Consecutive
patients presenting to the oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient
clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria over a
4-month period (May-August 2004) were screened for age, sex, height and
weight. All of the patients were treated for dentoalveolar surgical
procedures (routine and surgical extractions), incisional and
excisional biopsies, and enucleation under local anaesthesia. Results:
The BMIs of the studied patients ranged from 16.7 to 39.8 kg/m2, with a
mean of 24.6 ± 4.5 kg/m2. Prevalence of excess weight was 39.1%.
Thirty-one (11.4%) patients were obese and 75 (27.7%) patients were
overweight. A significant difference was observed in the BMIs of male
and female patients (P=0.000). The age groups < 30 years had mean
BMIs that were considered normal; whereas other age groups above 30
years had mean BMIs that were considered overweight. Prevalence of
obesity increases with increasing age. Obese individuals were seen in
all the age groups except those < 20 years. Conculsions: The
prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) in patients
presenting in the studied oral and maxillofacial outpatient setting was
39.1%. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon needs to be aware of
obesity-/overweight-related medical and surgical issues and take them
into consideration when treating these patients
Edward E. O''Brien contributions to reactive-flow turbulence
No full textProfessor Edward Ephraim O''Brien (“Ted”) has made lasting contributions to the theory and modeling of scalar mixing and reaction in turbulent flows. With a doctoral dissertation at The Johns Hopkins University in 1960, entitled “On the Statistical Behavior of a Dilute Reactant in Isotropic Turbulence, ” supervised by the legend Stanley Corrsin, and in the company of notable pioneer of turbulence, John Leask Lumley, Ted''s academic training propelled him through a prolific career. In the opening article of this Special Issue, we provide a review of some of Ted''s contributions. First, a summary is presented of his work on the examination of the failure of the cumulant discard approximation for the scalar mixing. This is followed by a highlight of his impacts on other spectral theories of turbulence including Kraichnan''s direct interaction approximation. His contributions to more modern theoretical/computational description of reactive turbulence are discussed next, including the transported probability density function (pdf) formulation, scalar-gradient pdf transport equation, scalar interfaces, and the filtered density function. Finally, some of his research on Direct Numerical Simulation of compressible turbulence is reviewed. © 2021 Author(s)
Pregnancy epulis associated with life threatening haemorrhage in a Nigerian woman
No full textNo Abstrac
MALIGNANT OROFACIAL NEOPLASMS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
No full textObjectives: To analyse general differences in age, gender, anatomic location of the various histological types of malignant neoplasm involving the oral and maxillofacial region at a tertiary referral centre in Nigeria and to compare this with reports in the literature.Design: Retrospective analysis.Setting: A tertiary referral centre in Lagos, Nigeria.Subjects: All patients with a histological diagnosis of malignancy were included provided the final surgical histology reports as well as the biopsy reports were available for review.Results: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) with a peak age incidence in the 6th decade of life and a male to female ratio of 1.65 to 1 was the most common cancer (42.8%). Males with SCCA (mean = 48.7 years) were relatively younger than females (mean = 58. 8 years). Eighteen percent of patients with SCCA were below 40 years at presentation and males were predominantly affected at a ratioof 5.2:1. Majority of the SCCA (75%) were well /moderately well differentiated. However, in patients below 40 years, 45.9% had poorly differentiated SCCA.The Most commonly affected sites for SCCA were the maxillary antrum (36.7%), mandibular gingiva/alveolus (23.0%) and tongue (12.04%). Patients who presented with antral SCCA were relatively younger (mean = 48.9 years) than those who had SCCA involving the mandibular gingiva/ alveolus (mean = 57.l years) as well as floor of mouth (mean = 56.3 years). Furthermore, males withantral SCCA were younger than their female counterparts. Similarly, males who had mandibular gingiva/ alveolus SCCA (mean = 48.4 years) were younger than their female counterparts (mean = 62.8 years). Majority of the glandular carcinomas (GLDCAs) arose from minor salivary glands (63.0%). Thirty seven per cent of these patients were below 40 years at presentation. Females whohad antral GLDCA (mean = 32.4 years) were relatively younger than their male counterparts (mean = 49 years). Most of the patients who presented with sarcoma were below 40 years (77.4%) and males were younger (22. 8 years) than females (mean = 35.4 years).Conclusions: The proportion of orofacial cancers that is SCCA in Nigerians is relatively low because of a relatively high proportion of GLDCA and Burkitt’s lymphoma. A relatively high proportion of patients with SCCA were below 40 years at presentation. They were predominantly males who presented with poorly differentiated tumours
A comparative Study on the Knowledge of Cleft Lip and Palate among Antenatal attendees in urban and Sub-urban Health Facilities in Lagos, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Several countries have reported a low level of awareness and knowledge of cleft lip and palate (CLP) in their populations. Little is known about the level of awareness and knowledge of CLP in Nigeria among antenatal attendees.Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the awareness and knowledge of oro-facial cleft among antenatal attendees at sub-urban and rural health facilities in Lagos state.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was undertaken on pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics in two sub-urban and two urban health facilities in Lagos state. Data was obtained by interviewer administered questionnaire. Information requested in the questionnaire include biodata, awareness using images of orofacial cleft and knowledge was also assessed among the respondents.Results: Atotal of 424 respondents participated in this study (one hundred and ninety seven respondents from rural facilities and 227 from Sub-urban facilities). Forty eight percent had tertiary education, while only 1.7% had received no form of formal education. Thirty percent were Professionals/ large scale business owners and 7.5% were petty traders/laborers. Of all the respondents 77.8% had notheard of cleft lip and 85.6% of cleft palate. A total of 61.7% and 54.1% of the respondents from the rural health facilities had some knowledge of cleft lip and palate respectively, while at the sub-urban facilities only 38.3% and 45.9% had heard of cleft lip and palate respectively.Conclusions: The knowledge and awareness of orofacial cleft lip and palate was low among antenatal attendees in this study. The knowledge and awareness was lower in urban facilities than sub-urban health facilities. There is a need to include awareness about orofacial cleft in the health promotion programs targeting mothers attending antenatal clinics, particularly urban facilities.
Keywords: Knowledge; antenatal attendees; orofacial cleft 
Prevalence of orofacial clefts in Nigeria
No full textOrofacial clefts are the most common malformations of the head and neck. In Africa, orofacial clefts are underascertained, with little or no surveillance system in most parts for clefts and other birth defects. A Nigerian craniofacial anomalies study, NigeriaCRAN, was established in 2006 to support cleft research specifically for epidemiological studies, treatment outcomes, and studies into etiology and prevention. We pooled data from seven of the largest Smile Train treatment centers in the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Data from September 2006 to June 2011 were analyzed and clefts compared between sides and genders using the Fisher exact test. A total of 2197 cases were identified during the study period, with an estimated prevalence rate of 0.5 per 1000. Of the total number of orofacial clefts, 54.4% occur in males and 45.6% in females. There was a significant difference (P = .0001) between unilateral left clefts and unilateral right clefts, and there was a significant difference (P = .0001) between bilateral clefts and clefts on either the left or right side. A significant gender difference (P = .03) was also observed for cleft palate, with more females than males. A total of 103 (4.7%) associated anomalies were identified. There were nine syndromic cleft cases, and 10.4% of the total number of individuals with clefts have an affected relative. The significant difference between unilateral clefts and the gender differences in the proportion of cleft palate only are consistent with the literature. The present study emphasizes the need for birth defects registries in developing countries in order to estimate the exact prevalence of birth defects including orofacial clefts
The Pattern of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries Among Patients Attending Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
No full textTo determine the pattern of oral and maxillofacial injuries among patients attended at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study. The study was done at oral and maxillofacial surgery firm and emergency medicine department of Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH). All patients who attended the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery firm and Emergency Medicine departments of MNH for treatment of oral and maxillofacial injuries during the period of the study and consented were included in the study. An interview of the patients with oral and maxillofacial injuries was done through structured questionnaire to obtain relevant information from the patient. Social-demographic information (age, sex, address, education level and marital status), patient’s main complaint, type of injury, place where injury took place, cause of injury, general condition of patient immediately after injury and afterwards and the time interval from injury to reporting to hospital were recorded. Clinical findings were recorded as follows: type of injury, site of injury, single or multiple, soft tissue or hard tissue injury. Soft tissue injuries were categorized as bruises, abrasions, cut wound, contusion, lacerations, avulsions, and burn. Hard tissue injury was categorized as fracture of facial bones such as nasal bone, maxilla, mandible, zygoma, frontal palatal and orbital bones. Accompanying injuries to the TMJ were also recorded. Radiological investigations including plain skull radiography (posterior anterior view, Water’s view, submental vertex view), orthopantomograph and where necessary a computed tomography (CT) were ordered. The interpretation of the radiological investigations was done by the principal investigator with the assistance of an experienced clinician and was recorded in a special form as fracture or no fracture, site and type of fracture. Treatment offered and treatment outcomes were also recorded. For admitted patients the number of days spent in hospital was recorded against the type of injury and treatment done. The data was entered into computer and analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences programme (SPSS) Version 15. Association of maxillofacial injury parameters vii (demographic factors, aetiology, treatment and complications) and type of injuries was evaluated using Chi –square test (X2). Significant level p<0.05 was used to draw out conclusion. A total of 137 patients, 123 (89.8%) males and 14 (10.2%) females with the male- female ratio of 9:1 were included in this study. The age range was from 4 to 70 years with a mean age of 30.13 years. The 21-30 and 31-40 years age groups were the most affected. Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the most (64.2%) common causes of oral and maxillofacial injuries. The most common soft tissue injury was laceration in 63 (26.9%) patients followed by bruises in 57 (24.4%) and cut wounds in 54 (23.1%). Ninety-three patients (67.9%) had sustained fractures of either the mandible, mid face or both and of those 93 patients who sustained fracture, most had mandibular fractures 42 (45.2%). All patients received basic resuscitation procedures, for stabilization of the patient. Almost all (97.8%) patients with oral and maxillofacial injuries were given analgesics for pain control and prophylaxis antibiotics (96.4%). Surgical wound debridement and wound suturing were the most (62.8% and 53.3% respectively) common treatment for soft tissue injuries, while intermaxillary or mandibulomaxillary fixation was the most (51%) common hard tissue injuries treatment. A total of 27 (19.7%) patients suffered some complications after treatment. Infection was the most (59.3%) common complication followed by malunion (33.3%). This study showed that road traffic accidents were the most common cause of maxillofacial injuries. Assaults/interpersonal violence were the second most common cause of maxillofacial trauma. These findings should alert the authorities, particularly the government and the road safety commission to the need for improvement of our roads, enforcement of existing traffic laws, and improvement of socio-economic conditions of the general population
TRATAMENTO DE FISTULA BUCOSSINUSAL COM O CORPO ADIPOSO BUCAL: RELATO DE CASO
No full textAs comunicações bucossinusais têm etiologia bastante variada, tendo como causa mais freqüente a extração de dentes posteriores superiores. Estas, qua.ndo maiores que 2mm em diâmetro, não fecham espontaneamente, levando à complicações no seio maxilar, sendo indicado seu fechamento cirúrgico. O uso do corpo adiposo bucal como enxerto pediculado tem sido bastante indicado para o fechamento destas comunicações devido à acessibilidade de execução da técnica e pelos êxitos cirúrgicos relatados na literatura. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar o caso clínico do paciente C.M.T.M., 35 anos, gênero masculino, feoderma, natural de Ibaretama-CE, que se queixava que de uma fístula bucossinusal associada a uma sintomatologia de sinusite maxilar crônica. O paciente recebeu uma abordagem terapêutica, com a técnica supracitada e encontra-se reabilitado, sem queixas.<strong></strong></jats:p
