3,749 research outputs found

    The Early Memoirs of Howard Simpson

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    The Early Memoirs of Howard Simpson, life in early twentieth century Texas and New Mexico. An account of his childhood and family’s beginnings in West Texas and their journey into western New Mexico and Arizona during the pre-depression era

    Author Dorothy Simpson Beimer at Valmora

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    Author Dorothy Simpson Beimer standing outdoors at Valmora

    Harriette Simpson Arnow, 1908-1986

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    A documentary film on southern Appalachian author Harriette Simpson Arnow. Directed by Herb E. Smith for Appalshop Productions in 1987

    Carl H. Gellenthien, M.D. and Author Dorothy Simpson Beimer

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    Dr. Gellenthien and author Dorothy Simpson Beimer in the library at Valmora in November, 1984

    Carl H. Gellenthien, M.D. and Author Dorothy Simpson Beimer

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    Dr. Gellenthien and author Dorothy Simpson Beimer in the library at Valmora in November, 1984

    Carl H. Gellenthien, M.D. and Author Dorothy Simpson Beimer

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    Dr. Gellenthien and author Dorothy Simpson Beimer in the library at Valmora in November, 1984

    Carl H.Gellenthien, M.D. and Author Dorothy Simpson Beimer

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    Dr. Gellenthien and author Dorothy Simpson Beimer at Valmora in November, 1984

    Optimising the detection of transient evoked potentials using a bootstrap re-sampling technique to provide an objective measure of signal recovery

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    Introduction: Most commonly, the estimation of transient evoked potentials such as the ERG, PERG and VEP is by simple ensemble averaging, synchronized by the stimulation signal. This requires three assumptions: (i) the signal to be recovered is stationary; (ii) the noise (or ‘incoherent’ signal component) is stationary with zero mean; (iii) the number of epochs sampled is sufficient to statistically represent the signal of interest within acceptable confidence limits. Whilst ensemble averaging still forms the cornerstone of transient evoked potential measurement, it does not exploit modern statistical signal processing techniques and the potential for extracting more statistical information from the recorded signals. Purpose: To describe a statistical bootstrap method that provides an estimate of the probability that the response obtained is due to random variation in the data rather than a physiological response (viz., the null hypothesis). This method can be applied to (almost) any signal parameter (e.g., power, amplitude range, estimates of signal-to-noise ratio) and is based on randomly re-sampling (with replacement) of the continuously recorded data. Method: The proposed method was developed and tested initially on simulated data with realistic autoregressive moving average (ARMA) noise. This was extended to a series of clinical PERG recordings. Results: The bootstrap model was able to detect the presence of PERG responses at user-defined significance levels in both artificial and clinical recordings. Conclusion: The bootstrap re-sampling technique is simple to implement, very flexible in terms of the signal features that can be statistically analysed, and provides a novel means of objectively testing signal recovery. It thus holds the potential to optimize the acquisition process, and to determine the shortest recording time required, based on a clearly defined statistical criterion
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