36 research outputs found
Liberal socialism in russia: Genealogy of the idea (herzen and mikhailovsky)
No full textIn this article, V.V. Blokhin analyzes the worldview of Alexander Herzen and Nikolai Mikhailovsky, their projects for the social reconstruction of post-reform Russia in the second half of the 19th century. Scientific interest in the theorists of populism is caused by the similarity of their socio-political concepts, which are based on the ideas of liberal socialism. In modern Russian historiography, interest in the typology of trends in democratic thought is growing from year to year. In modern Russian historiography, interest in the typology of trends in democratic thought is growing from year to year. Modern researchers give priority attention to reformatory socialism, in which the right and left, conservative trends are distinguished. The author believes that Herzen and Mikhailovsky expressed an unorthodox liberal-socialist trend in populism. Based on scientific journalism and memoirs, the author compares the socio-political views of Herzen and Mikhailovsky. The common foundations for theorists of liberal socialism are personalism, the idea of personality as the goal and meaning of progress. If Herzen formulated his doctrine of personality, relying on the philosophy of Hegel and the teachings of Saint-Simon, then Mikhailovsky - on the ideas of Proudhon. The philosophy of the Enlightenment with faith in man and a rational social structure became the theoretical prerequisite for the social theory of the populists. Being people of a critical and free mind, both Herzen and Mikhailovsky viewed progress as a contradictory and unfinished process of gradual changes in society. They were decisive opponents of violence in history, believing that the state as a historical institution had not yet outlived its usefulness, and therefore believed in the reform potential of the autocratic power. The reformism of Herzen and Mikhailovsky was based both on the conservatism of the peasantry, who did not want to follow the revolutionaries, and on the unpreparedness of young people for revolutionary activity, their ignorance of the people. The idea of the intrinsic value of an individual and his freedom, of the priority of social reform over the revolution, of the struggle for political freedoms are the constituent components of liberal socialism, to which both Herzen and Mikhailovsky belonged. © 2021 International Network Center for Fundamental and Applied Research. All rights reserved
Drift cyclotron instability of a plasma with hot ions
No full textThe author analyzes the role of drift-cyclotron instability, alluded to in ref. 2, in a spatially inhomogeneous plasma. This instability can occur in a not-too-dilute plasma with a finite Larmor radius of the ions, (ϱ/a)2 > (CA/C)2; (CA is the Alfvén velocity, ϱ is the Larmor radius of the ions, and a is the characteristic dimension of the inhomogeneity).
The paper contains a detailed investigation of the effects on the instability criterion of various factors: the curvature of the lines of force and the inhomogeneity of the magnetic field, the form of the equilibrium particle velocity distribution function, the relationship between the transverse and longitudinal dimensions of the system, and the ratio of electron to ion temperature.
The author concludes that, if the flute (hydrodynamic) instability is stabilized, the drift-cyclotron instability is the most dangerous for a system with a finite Larmor radius of the ions. This instability may be overcome by creating a system with finite intersection of the magnetic lines of force (shear). In short systems this instability need not occur if there is cold plasma of finite density between the hot plasma and the conducting ends of the apparatus.</jats:p
THE GENRE PARAMETERS OF THE PASSPORT OF THE MID-EIGHTEENTH CENTURY (ON MATERIALS OF THE ARCHIVAL FUND OF MIKHAILOVSKY STANITSA ATAMAN)
No full textThe article deals with an issue of designing a diachronic corpus of regional documents and from
the point of documentary linguistics it justifies the necessity of distinguishing a set of parameters (constant
features) of the document text that might be applied for identifying its genre references and scientific evaluation of
its compositional, content and discourse organization. On the basis of a communication situation conditionality
that is viewed as a gradable category the author proposes two types of parameters: 1) extralinguistic, that are
directly determined by a communicative situation (title, addresser, addressee, function, structure, specificity of the
information transmitted, spatial and temporal localization of a document); 2) linguistic (such as completeness,
coherence, integrity, and uniformity of the text), that are associated with a communicative situation indirectly, by
the extralinguistic parameters, and are referred to text categories. Theoretical basis is supported with the genre
parameters of the passport, a document that is presented in the 18 th Archive of documents of the Don Cossack
Army offices (preserved in the Archival Fund of Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman, Volgograd Region State Archive).
The integrated parameters and their discursive expression justifies the passport as a document with an informative-
and-regulatory function, its discursive value in the Voisko Donskoye office work
State Monopolization of Fur Hunting in the Far Eastern Republic in 1920–1922: Perspective of N.A. Mikhailovsky, Head of Fishing Department
No full textThe article discusses the state fur monopoly in the Far Eastern Republic (1920–1922). N.A. Mikhailovsky was the head of the Sub-Department for Fisheries and Hunting at the Ministry of Agriculture. His scientific approach to fur monopoly was rather unusual for the bureaucratic nomenclature of those days. The author performed a comprehensive analysis of N.A. Mikhailovsky’s views on the nature of the fur monopoly, the experience of its implementation in the Far Eastern Republic, the consequences of the poor implementation methods, and the ways the commercial and raw material economy used to get out of the crisis. The research relied on the principles of objectivity and historicism, with historical-genetic and formal-legal methods. N.A. Mikhailovsky could foresee the disastrous outcome of the hastily adopted legal provisions as the sudden drop in fur legally harvested by the Central Union of Cooperatives led to smuggling. However, he did his best to improve the legislative procedure of state monopolization. N.A. Mikhailovsky faced the difficult foreign policy situation in the frontier and the domestic economic crisis. He had to act at the limit of his departmental capabilities, trying to overcome the resistance of the controlling organs, e.g., the Ministry of Industry and Trade. He made a number of very careful attempts to bring to the authorities the situation with gangs that smuggled the fur "counter currency" abroad. During 1921 – early 1922, he proposed a number of measures to rationalize the system of commercial fur harvesting while maintaining a limited state monopoly. As a result, the government took the correct legislative strategy to establish productive relationships with the local hunting communities
