1,721,275 research outputs found
Anticorpi contro il virus dell'immunodeficienza umana tipo 2 (HIV-2) in tossicodipendenti e in donatori di sangue
No full textDetection of antibody to HIV env glycoprotein in blood donors with indeterminate results on Western blotting
No full textQuantificazione e biodegradazione del carico inquinante di liquami provenienti da industrie alimentari
No full textThe authors computed, for the effluents discharged by some food industries (meat processing, dairy and brewery), the pollution coefficients expressed in units of BOD 5, COD, suspended solids, organic nitrogen and total phosphorous. The theoretical evaluations of COD equivalents exerted by each components of the organic load (Kjeldahl N, etc.) agreed with experimental data. For BOD 5 only, the pollution coefficients were in good agreement with literature data. The tests carried out with Warburg apparatus showed that the organic loads of the wastewaters are likely to undergo sequential multicomponent biooxidation. Moreover, a good agreement was found between biological (Warburg) oxygen consumptions and total initial COD reductions. In connection with brewery wastes, experiments were make with the T(b)OD test, with very interesting results regarding the oxidizable fraction of COD and the minimum amount of oxygen for metabolic requirements
Acquisizione dell'infezione da cytomegalovirus in neonati trasfusi nelle prime settimane di vita
No full textBlood transfusion in newborns, particularly preterm ones and those small for gestational age, represents a risk for the transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Morbidity related to this infection is considerable, especially in the babies of CMV- seronegative mothers transfused with blood from CMV-seropositive donors. The proposed control measures (white blood cell depletion, selection of seronegative donors, use of a single donor per infant) are not applied for varying reasons, in all the situations in which the administration of blood components is required for neonates in critical conditions. In the period 1994-end February 1996 laboratory diagnosis of CMV infection was performed in 25 babies (mean age 3.4 months; range 25 days to 8 months) transfused in the first weeks of life. CMV infection was detected in 22, accompanied by mainly hepatic symptoms (hepatomegaly, jaundice) in 14 cases. Transfusion-related infection could be excluded in 2 of 11 cases based on examination of Guthrie cards collected at birth which revealed congenital infection. Although these data appear fragmentary and the series is small, they indicate that the problem of acquiring CMV infection in neonatal age through transfusions is still far from being completely resolved
The ability of Procleix Ultrio assay to detect HBV DNA in HBsAg positive blood donors
No full textIn the past decade, a new form of therapy based on biological rather than pharmacological intervention has been developed. The term 'cell therapy', as applied to this new therapeutic tool, means the administration of living, non-germline somatic cells to humans for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Cell therapy products (CTPs) are generated by ex vivo processes, which comprise cell harvesting from patients or healthy donors, in vitro manipulation and administration of the manipulated cells to patients. The aim of ex vivo processes is to obtain cell subsets with defined functional properties that are capable of replacing or repairing damaged tissues or organs. Some examples of cell therapy are transplantation of expanded haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), adoptive immunotherapy and dendritic cell vaccination to augment or restore the immune response for the treatment of malignant or infectious diseases. The types of cells most frequently used for cell therapy include haematopoietic pluripotent progenitor and stem cells from the bone marrow and peripheral blood, T-cell clones and dendritic cells. Although CTPs should be produced according to good manufacturing practice, they differ from traditional pharmaceutical products with regard to quality control and safety aspects. These differences prompted the development of a number of documents issued by regulatory bodies, which specifically address CTPs. This review discusses several issues related to the design, construction and validation of a hospital-based facility for the production of CTPs, the implementation of cell-manipulation processes and quality control of the final products
Prevalenza dell'infezione da GB virus-C/HGV in un gruppo di pazienti HIV e HCV-RNA positivi
No full textHIV antibody screening and confirmatory testing of Italian blood donors. One-year experience of a reference center
No full textDuring the first year (1986) of blood donor screening for antibody to HIV, 201,750 subjects were tested in 40 blood banks of Lombardia (Italy). All sera repeatedly positive by ELISA were submitted to our reference center for confirmation by Western blot (WB). Only 40 (0.02%) of 286 repeatedly reactive donors were positive by WB, whereas another 45 (0.022%) gave atypical antibody reactivities on WB, mainly directed against HIV core proteins. Of the 16 donors with inconclusive WB results followed for 4-12 months, 3 developed a full-blown antibody response, 5 maintained the anti-core reactivity throughout the follow-up period, and 8 lost all reactivities. The use of recombinant env and core antigen ELISAs seems to decrease the proportion of sera with inconclusive WB reactions, and to identify as true positive all seroconverting donors in advance of the WB test. The large majority (35 out of 40) of WB-positive donors and all seroconverters for antibody to HIV admitted to belong to a group at risk for AIDS. Among the 19 first-time donors with HIV infection, we found 3 subjects with serological evidence of LAV-2 infection. We describe also the diagnostic and ethical issues when a donor notification policy is based on WB confirmatory procedures
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