284 research outputs found
Composizione corporea e forza nel fitness: analisi dei risultati ottenuti in 3 anni di allenamento muscolare, regole alimentari e integrazione
No full textIl presente studio riguarda i risultati ottenuti da 14 persone di sesso maschile età 29,4 ± 7,9anni, altezza 177,9 ± 7,3cm, peso corporeo 71,1 ± 5,8kg, massa grassa 19,27 ± 2,99%, che per 3 anni hanno frequentato una palestra di fitness, allenandosi al fine di verificare e quantificare il variare della propria composizione corporea e l'incremento della forza muscolare massimale (Fmax).
L'impegno nei 3 anni è stato così organizzato: 1° anno, allenamento tradizionale di tipo neuro-muscolare; 2° anno allenamento + introduzione di regole alimentari; 3° anno, allenamento + regole alimentari + integrazione a base di creatina e aminoacidi ramificati.
Il calcolo della percentuale di massa grassa (Fat Mass, FM) è stato effettuato tramite plicometria utilizzando l'equazione di Jackson e Pollock a 3 pliche; considerato il modello bicompartimentale, la misurazione della massa magra (Fat Free Mass FFM, FFT) si è ottenuta per differenza.
I valori della forza massimale (Fmax) sono stati ricavati con metodo diretto misurando 1RM (1 ripetizione massimale) di 4 esercizi.
La valutazione statistica dei risultati ottenuti è stata effettuata mediante calcolo della Media e DS di ogni parametro. L'indice di significatività è stato ricavato tramite il test della “t” di Student per dati appaiati: la significatività è stata posta a priori al 5% (p<0,05).
La variazione della FFT ha fatto registrare un incremento del 8,1% che è risultato statisticamente significativo con P<0,05 (P= 0,01).
Il valore assoluto della FM non ha subito variazioni e non ha mostrato variazioni statisticamente significative con P>0,05 (P= 0,9); la riduzione della percentuale della FM (da 19,27 ± 2,99% a 18,00 ± 3,00%) si è verificata tuttavia grazie all'incremento della FFT e quindi del peso corporeo totale.
L'allenamento della Fmax in valore assoluto ha evidenziato una variazione media con un incremento del 22,5% ed un indice statistico altamente significativo con P <0,001 (P= 0,00001).
Il valore della Fmax relativa al peso corporeo ha mostrato una variazione (da 1,09 ± 0.08 a 1,25 ± 0,11) statisticamente significativa (P= 0,00008): la stessa significatività è stata dimostrata nel rapporto con ogni singola prova con P<0,001.
Il valore della Fmax relativa alla FFM è risultata statisticamente significativa (P= 0,0008). Per quanto riguarda il rapporto di ogni singola prova con la FFM, sono state sempre evidenziate variazioni statisticamente significative.
L’analisi della matrice di correlazione di Bravais - Pearson ci permette di notare che la matrice di correlazione dei 4 indici di forza presentano valori molto prossimi ad 1 con P <0,001.
CONCLUSIONI Un allenamento muscolare organizzato e continuato per 3 anni ha mostrato sollecitare in modo importante l'incremento della forza muscolare massimale in soggetti con un livello medio di fitness. La coordinazione intermuscolare avrebbe contribuito in modo preponderante a tale variazione.
La massa magra ha evidenziato una variazione significativa rispetto a quella grassa che non ha presentato cambiamenti. L'inserimento delle regole alimentari nel 2°-3° anno e della integrazione nel 3°, coinciderebbe con un il miglioramento dei dati riferiti alla forza e alla FFM andando presumibilmente a sommarsi agli effetti dipendenti dal processo biologico messo in atto dall'allenamento.
I recuperi prolungati e ben organizzati avrebbero comunque avuto un ruolo predominante rispetto agli incrementi di Fmax e FFT.
Parole chiave: allenamento neuromuscolare, composizione corporea, forza massimale, regole alimentari , recupero, integrazione.This study refers to the results obtained by 14 people (male, age 29.4 ± 7,9, height 177.9± 7,3, Body Weight 71.5 ± 75.8 Kg.Fat Mass 19.27 ± 2.99%) who were attending a Fitness Gym for three years and training in order to verify and quantify the variation of their own body composition and maximal muscle strength (Smax).
This three years commitment has been organized as follows: 1st year, traditional neuro-muscular training; 2nd year, training and introduction to a nutritional education programme; 3rd year, training, nutritional education programme, creatine and ramified amino acids supplementation.
The Fat Mass (FM) percentage has been computed by the means of Plicometry, through the Jackson and Pollock’s three folds equation; taking into account the bi-compartmental model, the Fat Free Mass (FFM) has been calculated by difference.
The Maximal Strength (Smax) values have been estimated through the direct method, measuring 1 MR (1 Maximal Repetition) in 4 exercises.
The statistical assessment of the obtained results has been performed through the computation of the Mean and the Standard Deviation (SD) of each investigated parameter. Significativity indexes have been calculated through the T-Student Test for Paired Samples; the Significativity level has been a priori set at 5% (p<0,05).
FFM variation showed a 8.1% increase, that is statistically significant with P<0,05 (P= 0,01).
FM value did not vary significantly P>0,05 (P= 0,9); however the percentage of the FM reduction (from 19,27 ± 2,99% to 18,00 ± 3,00%) occurred because of the increase of FFM, therefore of the whole body weight.
Smax training showed a variation with an average increase of 22.5% and a highly significant statistical index P <0,001 (P= 0,00001).
The Smax related to the Body Weight (BW) showed a highly significant (P= 0,00008) variation (from 1,09 ± 0.08 to 1,25 ± 0,11); the same level of significativity occurred in the ratio with each single trial (P<0,001).
The Smax value referred to the FFM was statistically significant (P= 0,0008). Referring to the ratio of every single trial with the FFM, statistically significant variations have been observed.
The analysis of the Bravais - Pearson correlation matrix allows to note that the correlation matrix of the 4 strength indexes showed values very close to 1 with P <0,001.
Conclusions. An organized and continuous muscle training over three years showed a major influence in increasing the maximal muscle strength in medium fitness level subjects. The intermuscular coordination should have been playing a major role about this variation.
The Free Fat Mass (FFM) showed a significant variation compared to the Fat one, that did not vary. The introduction to a nutritional educative programme, during the 2nd and 3rd year and the supplementation during the 3rd year, might coincides with the observed improvements of Strength and FFM, probably adding to the effects of the biological process activated by the training.
Prolonged and well structured periods of resting should have been playing a predominant role referring to the Smax and FFM increases.
Key words: neuromuscular training, body composition, maximal strength, nutritional rules, recovery time, supplementatio
La Baume-Périgaud, Com. de Tourrette-Levens (A.-M.)
No full textStecchi Henri, Bottet B. La Baume-Périgaud, Com. de Tourrette-Levens (A.-M.). In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France, tome 47, n°1-2, 1950. pp. 89-93
Using dji phantom 4 rtk drone for topographic mapping of coastal areas
No full textImagery acquisition systems by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been rapidly evolving within the last few years. In mapping applications, it is the introduction of a considerable amount of Ground Control Points (GCPs) that enables the final reconstruction of a real-scale framed model. Since the survey of GCPs generally requires the use of total stations or GNSS receivers in Real Time Kinematic (RTK), either with or without a Network approach (NRTK), this on-site operation is particularly time consuming. In addition, the lack of clearly image-recognizable points may force the use of artificial markers (signalised GCPs) whenever no features are naturally available in the field. This implies a real waste of time for the deployment of the targets, as well as for their recovery. Recently, aircrafts' manufacturers have integrated the on-board RTK capability on their UAVs. In such a way, the high precision GNSS system allows the 3D position detection of the camera at the time of each capture within few centimetres. In this work, we tested the DJI Phantom 4 RTK for the topographic survey of a coastal section in the Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy). The flights were performed flying at an 80 m altitude to ensure a Ground Sample Distance (GSD) of about 2 centimetres. The site extended up to 2 kilometres longitudinally. The results confirm that the on-board RTK approach really speeds up the precise mapping of coastal regions and that a single GCP may be needed to make a reliable estimation of the focal length
Coastal Mapping Using DJI Phantom 4 RTK in Post-Processing Kinematic Mode
No full textTopographic and geomorphological surveys of coastal areas usually require the aerial mapping of long and narrow sections of littoral. The georeferencing of photogrammetric models is generally based on the signalization and survey of Ground Control Points (GCPs), which are very time-consuming tasks. Direct georeferencing with high camera location accuracy due to on-board multi-frequency GNSS receivers can limit the need for GCPs. Recently, DJI has made available the Phantom 4 Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) (DJI-P4RTK), which combines the versatility and the ease of use of previous DJI Phantom models with the advantages of a multi-frequency on-board GNSS receiver. In this paper, we investigated the accuracy of both photogrammetric models and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) generated in Agisoft Metashape from two different image datasets (nadiral and oblique) acquired by a DJI-P4RTK. Camera locations were computed with the Post-Processing Kinematic (PPK) of the Receiver Independent Exchange Format (RINEX) file recorded by the aircraft during flight missions. A Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) located at a 15 km distance from the site was used for this task. The results highlighted that the oblique dataset produced very similar results, with GCPs (3D RMSE = 0.025 m) and without (3D RMSE = 0.028 m), while the nadiral dataset was affected more by the position and number of the GCPs (3D RMSE from 0.034 to 0.075 m). The introduction of a few oblique images into the nadiral dataset without any GCP improved the vertical accuracy of the model (Up RMSE from 0.052 to 0.025 m) and can represent a solution to speed up the image acquisition of nadiral datasets for PPK with the DJI-P4RTK and no GCPs. Moreover, the results of this research are compared to those obtained in RTK mode for the same datasets. The novelty of this research is the combination of a multitude of aspects regarding the DJI Phantom 4 RTK aircraft and the subsequent data processing strategies for assessing the quality of photogrammetric models, DTMs, and cross-section profiles
Vulnerability to ground deformation phenomena in the city of Tuzla (BiH): a GIS and multicriteria approach
No full textGround deformation phenomena affecting the town of Tuzla (Bosnia Herzegovina), as consequence of underground salt deposits exploitation, have been surveyed since 60 years ago. The growing of cavities beneath the town and successive surface deformations have induced several hazard factors such as ground subsidence, deep and
shallow fracturing and intense groundwater table oscillations. Fortunately, this processes had no catastrophic consequences such as sinkholes developing. Previous studies analyzed
the historical database of topographic and piezometric data and highlighted a cumulative subsidence rate up to 12 meters over a period spanning from the 1956 to the 2003. Fractures arose as obvious result of ground deformation and caused damages and demolitions to thousands of buildings, with almost 15,000 people evacuated. Nowadays, in order to diminish the deformation processes, a strong reduction in brine withdrawal has been introduced by the local authorities. This caused an uplift of the water table which actually makes the spatial pattern of deformation more complex. In fact, in the most urbanized area, the sinking phenomena are now turning into uplift displacements. The presence of such a hazard required an urban vulnerability assessment able to support local authorities in the forthcoming planning procedure. The vulnerability assessment of urban elements over a wide area, potentially affected by deformation phenomena, has been accomplished by an integration between GIS solutions and a multicriteria approach based on ELECTRE-TRI methodology. The vulnerability procedure is able to define a discrete map where the 50 9 50 m width elementary cells report the most vulnerable parts of the town. In particular, the ELECTRE-TRI methodology is used to combine each vulnerable urban element with the others, expressed as vector data in a geographical dataset. The multicriteria approach is performed outside the GIS environment by the ELECTRE-TRI 2.0 package and requires a preliminary rasterization of the used dataset
Enhancing Cognitive Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis with a Disease-Specific Tool
No full textPurpose: Computerized rehabilitation programs can be used to address cognitive
deficits typically caused by multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are still doubts
on their effectiveness, due to mixed results obtained in clinical trials. The objective of
this paper is to improve cognitive rehabilitation (CR) practices in MS, by presenting
and assessing a MS-specific cognitive rehabilitation software.
Methods: We conducted a detailed analysis of how CR is carried out in practice
in MS rehabilitation centers. From the analysis, we elicited a reference CR process,
and identified the essential features a software supporting the process should have.
We designed and implemented MS-rehab, a novel MS-specific computerized rehabil-
itation systems having the identified features. We experimented MS-rehab in a pilot
study involving eight MS patients. To highlight the improvement with respect to
the state of the art, we compared MS-rehab with available professional tools selected
using well defined criteria.
Results: This paper has three main contributions: (1) the identification of a set
of essential features a computerized tool for CR in MS should provide; (2) MS-
rehab, a novel CR system designed for MS therapists and patients, which embodies
innovative MS specific features; (3) the assessment of MS-rehab efficacy in a pilot
study with MS patients.
Conclusions: The availability of a MS-specific CR system like MS-rehab fosters
the design of more rigorous clinical studies on the effectiveness of computerized
rehabilitation in MS. MS-rehab demonstrated its potential and innovativeness as a
tool for cognitive rehabilitation in MS
Sinkhole Geohazard In Deformed Sulphates at Marina di Lesina (Gargano Promontory, Italy): a Combination of Anthropogenic, Lithologic, and Structural Causes
No full textSinkhole development and collapse of underground caves within a gypsum substrate is focused in proximity to the beach resort of Marina di Lesina on the Adriatic coast of Southern Italy. This situation constitutes a serious geohazard for the local community and a threat to the development of the tourist activity. Fast sinkhole development has been reported in the last two decades both in terms of newly formed cavities and of widening of already existing ones. It is well known that the presence of structures, such as fault and fractures, focuses fluid flow and intensifies the dissolution and the karst evolution processes. An alignment of the sinkholes as well as their shape anisotropy, west of the harbour canal, suggests also a strong structural control
G.I.S. as a tool for data management and ground deformations analysis in the city of Tuzla (BiH)
No full textG.I.S. as a tool for data management and ground deformations analysis in the city of Tuzla (BiH
Sviluppo prototipale di un impianto di telecontrollo di una rete di distribuzione urbana di gas naturale
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