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Choroterpes (Monophyllus) nandini Selvakumar & Sivaramakrishnan, n. sp.
No full textChoroterpes (Monophyllus) nandini Selvakumar & Sivaramakrishnan n. sp. Figs. 1–14. Material examined. Holotype: Male larva, INDIA, Karnataka, Sringeri, Nanthinihole, 13 ° 23 ’ 23.52 ” N, 75 ° 10 ’ 47.02 ” E, 640 m, 03.v. 2013, Colls. C. Selvakumar and K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [ZSI]. Paratypes: 1 female larva same data as holotype; 2 female larvae, INDIA, Karnataka, Sringeri, Srimane falls, 13 ° 23 ’ 14.83 ” N, 75 ° 10 ’ 46.43 ” E, 716 m, 03.v. 2013, Colls. C. Selvakumar and K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [UM]. Description. Larva. Body length 4 mm, cerci 3 mm, median filament 4 mm (Fig. 1). Labrum (Fig. 2) not wide, median emargination moderately deep, without denticles; both distal and proximal transverse setal rows regular. Lingua of hypopharynx with well developed lateral processes, anterior margin shallowly cleft (Fig. 3). Mandibles (Figs. 4, 5) with outer margin moderately convex. Medio-apical projection of maxilla moderately expresed (Fig. 6). Labium (Fig. 7) with segment 2 of palpi 3 / 4 to a little longer than segment 1; segment 3 of palpi over 1 / 2 length to as long as segment 2, triangular with a rows of seate apically; paraglossae ventral to glossae. Legs yellowish (Figs. 8–10); each femur with a dark brown spot at middle and a dark brown band near apex; fore femur also with a brown spot near base, widest proximally; middle and hind femur widest middle. All femora with irregularly situated stout setae of various lengths. Ventral side of hind femur with irregularly situated curved pectinate setae. Stout setae on inner side of foretibiae dense and arranged in 3 nearly regular rows, pointed and pectinate. Inner side of middle tibia with 2 or 1 stout setae. Inner side of hind tibia with a sparse row of stout setae; outer side of hind tibia with stout setae of variable length, as on outer side of femur. Outer sides of all tibiae with irregularly situated thin hairs, whose length exceed tibia width. Claws (Fig. 11) apically hooked, denticles on claws progressively larger apically. Hind wings present. Abdomen without stout setae; posterolateral margins of abdominal terga with pointed denticles, whose size increases from tergum 1 to tergum 10; sterna without denticles. Each segment of abdominal tergum brown with lighter blanks adjacent to anterior margin. Gills (Figs. 12–14) on segments 1–7, unilamellate without tracheation; gills 2–7 terminated in 3 slender, subequal processes. Terminal filament longer than cerci with a whorl of setae every alternate segments; setae longher than length of correspondingsegment. Winged stages. Unknown. Etymology. This species named after the type locality, the Nandini hole. Diagnosis. Choroterpes (Monophyllus) nandini n. sp. can be distinguished from C. (Monophyllus) monophyllus by the following combination of characters: (i) median emargination of labrum moderately deep, without denticles; (ii) gills 2–7 without tracheation and (iii) abdominal segment 6 and 7 without colour pattern. Discussion. Kluge, while revising the mayfly system based on the principles of cladogendesis (Kluge & Novikova 2011; Kluge 2012 b) with usage of the dual nomenclature system (Kluge 2010), established the subgenus Monophyllus based on the larvae collected from Hainan Island, Republic of China. Larvae of Choroterpes (Monophyllus) monophyllus (Kluge 2012 a), is characterized by the following autapomorphy viz. gills 2–7 unilamellate, each lamella with 3 apical processes subequal, long and slender as in Euthraulus. The occurrence of C. (Monophyllus) nandini n. sp. extends the distribution of this subgenus from China to South India.Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Janarthanan, S. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., 2015, A new species of the Choroterpes Eaton, 1881 subgenus Monophyllus Kluge, 2012 and a new record of the subgenus Choroterpes, s. s. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 284-288 in Zootaxa 3941 (2) on page 285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3941.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/23831
Indoganodes Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus
No full textIndoganodes Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. gen. Figs. 21–39. Type species: Indoganodes jobini Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n.sp. Description. Larva (Fig. 21). Head: Fringe or row of setae absent. Labrum subquadrate, approximately twice as broad as long, with short, scattered setae over entire dorsal surface(Fig. 22). Hypopharynx with lingua convex with minute setae at apical margin; superlingua oval with a row of long, simple setae at apex (Fig. 23). Mandibles robust; inner and outer incisors divergent; long mediolateral setae absent; medioapical outer incisor with at least one sharp denticle and apicomedial patch of setae absent on left mandible (Figs. 24, 25). Maxillae slender, with a well-developed canine and two dentisetae; two clusters of long setae apically; inner margin at middle with row of simple long setae; outer margin at base with minute hairs laterally; maxillary palp reduced to articulated palp (Fig. 26). Submentum welldeveloped laterally; glossae and paraglossae deeply divided; paraglossae somewhat pointed; labial palp 3 - segmented, with segments 1 and 2 subequal in length; segment 3 small and conical (Figs. 27, 28). Thorax: Prosternumwithout bilobular, spinous process medially (Fig. 29) (see Fig. 65 of McCafferty & Wang (1997) for prosternum with medial, bilobular, spiny process). Pro- and mesothorax without tubercles on dorsal surface. Forefemur relatively narrow, length 2.17 times width; outer margin covered by stout setae; scattered stout setae on apical region; inner margin with short thin setae (Fig. 30). Middle and hind femora similar, slightly more slender, length 2.3 times width (Figs. 31, 32); dorsal and inner margins with row of long, stout setae and irregular small thin setae. Fore tibia without setae on outer margin and irregular short thin setae on inner margin; middle and hind tibia with row of long stout setae and irregular short thin setae on inner and outer margins. Hind leg somewhat larger than fore and mid legs. Tarsal claw hooked, bearing 4 small denticles medially (Fig. 33). Abdomen: Gills absent on abdominal segment I; gills present on abdominal segments II–VI with margins entire (Figs. 34–38); gill II with dorsal lamella semi-operculate; gills II–V with ventral lobes flabelliform (Figs. 34–37); gill VI simple (Fig. 38). Poorly developed median tergal tubercles on segments I–IX; posterior margins of terga VI–IX each with 2–3 small spines flanking each side of median tubercle (total of 4–6 such posteromarginal spines on each tergum VI, VII, VIII or IX); posterolateral processes poorly developed on segments I–V and well developed on segments VI–IX (Fig. 39). Lateral margins of terga with thin stout setae. Caudal filaments banded; median caudal filament subequal in length to cerci. Winged stages. Unknown. Etymology. The new genus name is an arbitrary combination of letters, referring to the country of holotype origin, India, followed by the suffix – ganodes with reference to its inclusion in the family Teloganodidae. Diagnosis. The larvae of Indoganodes, n. gen.,can be distinguished from other genera of Teloganodidae, and from the apparently similar genus Ephemerellina (see McCafferty & Wang, 1997), by the following combination of characters: (i) prosternum without bi-lobular, spinous process medially (Fig. 29); (ii) abdominal posterolateral processes poorly developed on segments I–V and well developed on segments VI–IX (Fig. 39); (iii) tarsal claw hooked, bearing 4 small denticles medially (Fig. 33); (iv) labrum subquadrate, approximately twice as broad as long, with short, scattered setae over entire dorsal surface (Fig. 22); (v) superlinguae of hypopharynx moderately developed (Fig. 23) and (vi) left mandible without medioapical setal patch (Fig. 24). Species composition. Indoganodes jobini Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp. (India) Distribution. India (restricted to the Western Ghats).Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Jacobus, Luke M., Janarthanan, S. & Arumugam, M., 2014, Two new genera and five new species of Teloganodidae (Ephemeroptera) from South India, pp. 87-104 in Zootaxa 3846 (1) on pages 91-93, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24988
Dudgeodes palnius Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp.
No full textDudgeodes palnius Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp. Figs. 59–77. Materials examined. Holotype: Male larva, India, Tamil Nadu, Palni hills, Perumal Malai stream, 10 o 16 ’ 15.39 N, 77 o 33 ’ 15.83 E, 1484 m; 28.IX. 2013, Colls. C. Selvakumar& K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [ZSI-I/E 13]. Paratypes: Four larvae, India, Tamil Nadu, Upper Kodaiyar, 08º 31 ' 50.2 " N, 77 º 21 ' 33.0" E, 1299 m; 06.IX. 2010, Colls. C. Selvakumar & K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [ZSI-I/E 14]. Two larvae, same data as holotype [UM]; One larva, India, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, Gadana river, Kallar, 0 8 o 48 '04.5" N, 77 o 18 '05.3" E, 144 m; 20.VII. 2013, Colls. C. Selvakumar & K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [UM]. Three larvae, India, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, Puliyarai, Kannupulimedu, 0 8 o 56 ' 20.35 " N, 77 o 12 ' 25.74 " E, 164 m; 17.VII. 2013, Colls. C. Selvakumar & K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [UM]. One larva, India, Tamil Nadu, Tirunelveli, Ramanathi river, 0 8 o 50 ' 53.4 "N, 77 o 18 ' 51.2 " E, 237 m; 21.VII. 2013, Colls. C. Selvakumar & K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [UM]. Description. Larva. Body length up to 3.5 mm and 3.0 mm, without cerci, in female and male larvae respectively; cerci length subequal to body length. General colouration highly variable, ranging from light to dark brown; young specimens generally paler; legs light to medium brown, with femora bearing 4 characteristic maculae (Fig. 59). Head: Outer margin of head fringed with row of short, basally forked setae from in front of eyes to labrum insertion. Antennae length 1.2 times head width, flagellum with 15 segments. Dorsal part of male eyes blackish. Labrum compact, ca. 2 times wider than long, with smooth anterior emargination; dorsal face covered medially by scattered simple and long setae; anterior margin with row of small, thin setae (Fig. 60). Hypopharynx with superlinguae oval with row of long, simple setae at apex (Fig. 61). Mandibles slender with one thin seta in middle of outer margin; left mandible (Fig. 64) with outer incisor consisting of one slightly concave teeth; inner incisor with two teeth inserted transversely, one smaller and pointed, one large and rounded, prostheca small; no setae below mola; right mandible (Fig. 65) with outer incisor composed of one large tooth, slightly indented medially; inner incisor with two teeth; prostheca reduced, with appearance of cluster of thin setae; row of 7 long and thin setae below mola and several short setae above mola. Maxilla slender, with well-developed canina, two indented dentisetae and three long setae on inner apical region and cluster of long, simple setae at crown; inner margin at base of lacinia, with two feathered and long setae, one dorsally and one ventrally; maxillary palp highly reduced (Fig. 62). Submentum well-developed laterally; glossae and paraglossae partially fused; paraglossae larger than glossae; labial palp three-segmented, segments 1 and 2 clearly visible, without constriction; segment 3 ca. 2.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 63). Thorax: Prothorax and mesothorax with 4 rounded tubercles on dorsal surface; outer margin fringed with row of short, basally-forked setae. Forefemur dilated, ca. 1.5 times longer than wide; outer margin covered by stout and long setae, meeting transverse row of both long and stout pointed setae across dorsal face; without thin setae at apex; inner margin with short row of long and thin setae proximally, reaching distally to transverse row (Figs. 66, 67). Middle and hind femora similar, more slender, ca. 2 times longer than wide; dorsal and inner margins each with row of long and stout setae (Figs. 69, 70). Tibia with row of long and stout setae on inner margin, and row of long and thin setae on outer margin (Fig. 68). Tarsal claw hooked, bearing three or four blunt teeth medially, and two pointed teeth subapically; outer tooth well developed, inner one smaller; apex of claw with two rows of three or four thin setae laterally (Fig. 71). Abdomen: Terga each with moderately developed median tubercle on segments I and X, more highly developed on segments II–IX (Fig. 72). No posterolateral projections on segments II–IV, but distinct on segments V–IX (Fig. 73). Lateral margins of terga with long thin setae. Gills on segments II–V (Figs. 74–77); gill II with dorsal lamella operculate, oval and with margin entire; gills III–V with dorsal lamella incised medially; ventral lobe flabelliform, well-developed and purple on gills II–IV. Cerci with stout setae every two or three segments; setae longer than length of corresponding segment. Winged stages. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the Palni hills of the Western Ghats from which type specimens were collected. Diagnosis. Dudgeodes palnius, n. sp., can be distinguished from other species of Dudgeodes and from the apparently similar species of D. hutanis by the following combination of characters: (i) apex of forefemur without seta (Fig. 67); (ii) a single ventral long seta on inner margin of galea-lacinia (Fig. 62); (iii) labial palp segments 1 and 2 clearly visible, without constriction (Fig. 63); (iv) left mandible with outer incisor consisting of one slightly concave teeth (Fig. 64) and (v) right mandible with outer incisor composed of one large tooth, slightly indented medially, with a row of seven long and thin setae below mola (Fig. 65).Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Jacobus, Luke M., Janarthanan, S. & Arumugam, M., 2014, Two new genera and five new species of Teloganodidae (Ephemeroptera) from South India, pp. 87-104 in Zootaxa 3846 (1) on pages 95-99, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24988
Choroterpes (Choroterpes) kaegies Selvakumar & Subramanian & Chandra & Jehamalar 2017, sp. n.
No full text<i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>Choroterpes</i>) <i>kaegies</i> Selvakumar, Subramanian & Chandra sp. n. (Figs 1–16) <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: 1 larva, INDIA, Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills, Khrang village, Wankwar River, 25.32481 N, 91.77519 E, 1658 m, 02.iii.2016, coll. E. Eyarin Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5144). Paratypes: 5 larvae, same data as holotype; 2 larvae, Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills, Thangasalai village, Umkhen River, 25.59186 N, 92.05494 E, 937 m, 05.iii.2016, coll. E. Eyarin Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5147/H13); 1 larva, Meghalaya, East Garo Hills, Upper Rongbu village, 25.91615 N, 90.83157 E, 101 m, 26.vi.2016, coll. E. Eyarin Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5149/H13); 1 larva, Himachal Pradesh, Bilaspur district, Mandodari, River stream, 31.783 N, 76.332 E, 18.xi.2012, coll. K.A. Subramanian.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body length 4.6–5.0 mm (Fig. 1). Antennae approximately 3.0 mm. Head prognathous, light yellowbrown with diffuse black markings. Labrum with 3 transverse, near parallel, rows of setae on dorsal surface, both distal and proximal transverse setal rows regular; anteromedian emargination broad (Fig. 2). Lingua of hypopharynx with well developed lateral process, anterior margin cleft (Fig. 3). Lateral margins of mandibles with scattered setae, inner mandibular incisor slightly longer than outer one (Figs 4–5). Maxillary palp 3 segmented; segment 2 subequal in length to segment 1, segment 3 approximately ¾ length of segment 2 (Fig. 6). Labium: glossa with thick plate-like setae on ventral surface, fewer setae on dorsal surface; paraglossa with denser but fewer setae on dorsal surface; first segment of palp with thick setae on margins, second segment with setae on outer margin, apical segment with thick and fine setae on margin and surface, those near apex of apical segment gathered into small tufts; segment 1 length subequal to segment 2 length, segment 3 length 0.7 times segment 2 length (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Pronotum light yellow-brown with diffuse black markings medially. Meso- and metanota yellow-brown tinged with dark brown or black laterally. Legs pale; each femur with a dark brown spot at middle and near apex; femora with thick and thin setae on outer margin; tibiae with fine and thick setae on inner margin, and very sparse and thin setae on inner margin, and very sparse and thin setae on outer margin, but hind tibiae mixed with more denser thick and few feathered setae on surface; tarsi of all legs with several thin setae on inner margin and sparse setae on outer margins (Figs 8–10). Claw apically hooked with a row of 4–5 denticles, progressively larger apically (Fig. 11).</p> <p>Abdominal terga 1–10 light yellow-brown with diffuse black markings; terga 1–10 with posterior marginal spines; posterolateral margins of abdominal terga with pointed denticles, size of denticles increases from tergum 6 to tergum 9. Gills on segments 1–7; gill 1 single, slender, lanceolate (Fig. 12); gills 2–7 alike, well-tracheated, upper and lower lamellae of gills 2–7 with 3 apical processes, median process relatively long and other relatively short (Figs 13–16). Sternum 9 of male with deep apical cleft, sternum 9 of female with apex entire and without emargination. Caudal filaments pale yellow-brown; with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae shorter than length of corresponding segment.</p> <p> <b>Adult.</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name “ <i>kaegies</i> ” (pronounced as KGS) is abbreviated patronym of Prof. K.G. Sivaramakrishnan who has significantly contributed to Ephemeroptera taxonomy in India. He is popularly known among his peers, friends and students as “KGS” and hence the species name.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> India (Meghalaya and Himachal Pradesh).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C.</i>) <i>kaegies</i> Selvakumar, Subramanian & Chandra <b>sp. n.</b> can be distinguished from all known species of <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C.</i>) by the following characters: (i) anteromedian emargination of labrum broad (Fig. 2); (ii) each femur with a dark brown spot at middle and near apex (Figs 8–10); (iii) gill 1 single and slender (Fig. 12) and (iv) upper and lower lamellae of gills 2–7 with 3 apical processes, median process relatively slender and longer than laterals (Figs 13–16).</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> In India, only two species are recorded from the subgenus <i>Choroterpes</i> s. str. <i>viz</i>., <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C.</i>) <i>petersi</i> Tong and Dudgeon, 2003 from southern Western Ghats by Selvakumar <i>et al.</i> (2015) which was originally described from Hong Kong and the present new species, <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C.</i>) <i>kaegies</i> Selvakumar, Subramanian & Chandra <b>sp. n.</b> from Himachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. The distribution of <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C.</i>) <i>petersi</i> Tong and Dudgeon, 2003 appears to be disjunct in its geographical range. However, <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C.</i>) <i>kaegies</i> Selvakumar, Subramanian & Chandra <b>sp. n.</b> is probably widely distributed in Himalaya as the collection localities from two states are geographically widely separated. However, detailed surveys are required. In future detailed morphosystematics and molecular phylogenetic studies are required to fine-tune the subgeneric relationships within the genus <i>Choroterpes</i> Eaton, 1881.</p>Published as part of <i>Selvakumar, C., Subramanian, K. A., Chandra, Kailash & Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, 2017, A new species of Choroterpes Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from India, pp. 189-194 in Zootaxa 4338 (1)</i> on pages 190-193, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4338.1.12, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1035542">http://zenodo.org/record/1035542</a>
Janohyphella Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus
No full textJanohyphella Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. gen. Figs. 2–20. Type species: Janohyphella indica Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp. Description. Larva (Fig. 2). Head: Outer margin of head fringed with row of simple setae from behind eyes to labrum insertion (Fig. 3). Labrum short and broad; width less than 3 times length; distal margin broadly emarginate, with dense, fine, moderately long feathered setae; dorsal surface with scattered simple setae forming irregular row (Fig. 4). Hypopharynx with lingua and superlinguae subequal in length; lingua distally somewhat truncate to slightly coneshaped, not notched at apex; superlinguae broadly rounded distally (Fig. 5). Mandibles narrow, outer incisors separate and divergent; inner incisor of left mandible pointed, that of right mandible absent; with sparse mediolateral setae; otherwise with many slender long hair-like setae evenly distributed (Figs. 6, 7). Maxillae slender, with well-developed canine and two dentisetae; two clusters of long setae apically; inner margin smooth; outer margin at base with minute hairs laterally; maxillary palp reduced to articulated palp (Fig. 8). Labial palp segment 3 reduced in size; with relatively well-developed glossae and paraglossae; paraglossae somewhat bluntly pointed medioapically (Fig. 9). Submentum evenly rounded and lateral margin with sparse row of fine, short, hair-like setae. Thorax: Prosternum without medial, bilobular, spiny process (Fig. 3) (see Fig. 65 of McCafferty & Wang (1997) for prosternum with medial, bilobular, spiny process). Forefemur very broad and without transverse row of setae (Fig. 10); midfemur broad with transverse row of spatulate setae (Figs. 11, 12); hindfemur slender and without transverse row of setae (Fig. 13). Tarsal claws sharply curved, without denticles. Forewing pads with slight basal fusion (Fig. 14). Abdomen: Gills I small, single, two segmented and fibrilliform (Fig. 14); lamellate gills on abdominal segments II–V (Figs. 15–18); gills II operculate, appearing broadly rounded with median horizontal cleft on dorsal lamella (Fig. 15). Terga with two small tubercles separated by concave margin on segmentsII–VIII (Figs. 2, 19, 20), and with posterolateral processes well-developed on segments II–IX but not segment III (Fig. 20). Caudal filaments banded, fringed with lateral hairs. Median caudal filament length subequal to cerci. Winged stages. Unknown. Etymology. Janohyphella, n. gen., is an arbitrary combination of letters, with reference to Dr. Janice Peters, in honour of her significant contribution to the study of Oriental Ephemeroptera. Diagnosis. Janohyphella, n. gen., can be distinguished from all other genera of the Teloganodidae by the following combination of characters. In the larvae: (1) no reduction of median caudal filament (Fig. 2); (2) single, fibrilliform gills on abdominal segment I coupled with presence of lamellate gills on abdominal segment II–V (Figs. 14–18); (3) terga with two small tubercles separated by concave margin on segments III–VIII and with posterolateral processes well developed on segments II–IX, remarkably absent on segment III (Figs. 19, 20); (4) only midfemur has a transverse row of setae (Fig. 12); (5) tarsal claws sharply curved, without denticles (Fig. 13) and (6) mandible with sparse medio-lateral cluster of setae (Figs. 6, 7). Janohyphella, n. gen., is similar to the genus Manohyphella, but the new genus can be distinguished from it (see McCafferty & Benstead, 2002) by the following combination of characters in the larva: (1) terga with two small tubercles separated by concave margin on segments III–VIII and with posterolateral processes well developed on segments II–IX except segment III (Figs. 19, 20); (2) transverse row of setae only in midfemora (Fig. 12); (3) tarsal claws sharply curved, without denticles (Fig. 13) and (4) mandible with relatively sparse mediolateral setae (Figs. 6, 7). Species Composition. Janohyphella indica Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp. (India) Distribution. India (restricted to the Western Ghats).Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Jacobus, Luke M., Janarthanan, S. & Arumugam, M., 2014, Two new genera and five new species of Teloganodidae (Ephemeroptera) from South India, pp. 87-104 in Zootaxa 3846 (1) on pages 88-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24988
#x03BC;m CMOS technology
No full textOne of the main goals for the next generation of radios for wireless sensor and body-area networks (WSN and WBAN) is a sub-mW receiver (RX) compliant with energy-harvested supplies. In this direction, the Bluetooth standard has introduced a low-energy operative mode (BLE) with wider channel spacing (2MHz) and relaxed blocker tolerance. The minimum sensitivity required is -70dBm but even with a sensitivity 10dB lower the BLE receiver can have a noise figure close to 19dB [1]. Although linearity and noise specs have been significantly relaxed, the design of a sub-mW solution remains challenging since the power dissipation cannot be simply scaled with the spurious-free-dynamic-range (SFDR). In fact, the ultimate bound is set by the power burned in the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which is used for the generation of the local oscillator (LO) necessary for the signal downconversion. Since, for a targeted phase noise, the current required by the VCO is inversely proportional to the quality factor of the resonator adopted, a straightforward approach is to use a high-Q tank like the FBAR used by Wang et al. [2]. However in low-cost CMOS processes, when high-Q resonators are not present, an alternative strategy is to share the VCO bias current with the other blocks of the RF front-end as in the LMV cell proposed by Tedeschi et al. [3]
Choroterpes (Choroterpes) andamanensis Vasanth, Subramanian & Selvakumar 2021, n. sp.
No full text<i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>Choroterpes</i>) <i>andamanensis</i> Vasanth, Subramanian & Selvakumar n. sp. <p>(Figs 1–16)</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> Holotype: male larva, INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Botanical Garden, Nayachaar; N 11.5738°, E 92.6741°; Alt. 54m.; 16.xi.2018, coll. K. A. Subramanian (Reg. No. I /E/438). Paratypes: 3 larvae (Reg. No. I /E/439), same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Mature larva.</b> Length: body, 4.3–5.0 mm; antennae, 2.8–3.0 mm; cerci, 5.2–5.5 mm; paracercus, 5.8–6.0 mm. General coloration yellowish brown (Figs 1–2).</p> <p> <b>Head.</b> Dark brown, washed with yellow. Upper portion of male compound eye reddish black. Antennae whitish yellow (Fig. 1). Labrum (Fig. 3): dark brown; anteromedian emargination shallow, broad with five blunt denticles. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4): lingua with well developed lateral process, with cleft anterior margin. Mandibles (Figs 5–6): translucent, dark brown and pale brown medially; lateral margins with scattered setae, inner incisor slightly longer than outer one. Second segment of maxillary palp subequal in length of segment I, segment III approximately ¾ length of segment II (Fig. 7). Labium (Fig. 8): glossae with plate-like thick setae on ventral surface and dense row of fewer setae on dorsal surface; paraglossae with denser but thinner setae on dorsal surface; first segment of labial palp with thick setae on lateral margins, second segment with hair-like setae on lateral margin, apical segment with thick and fine setae and small tufts; length of segment I subequal to segment II, segment III approximately ¾ length of segment II.</p> <p> <b>Thorax.</b> Yellowish brown, irregularly washed with dark brown; pronotum dark yellowish brown with diffuse black markings medially. Meso- and metathorax yellowish brown tinged with dark brown or black laterally. Legs (Figs 9–11): yellowish brown; each femur with a brown macula on middle and distal region; forefemur with thick setae on the dorsal surface, mid and hind femora with several well developed thick setae on dorsal surface; each femur with thick and thin setae on outer margin; fore and mid tibiae with fine and thick setae on inner margin, and very sparse and thin setae on inner and outer margin; hind tibiae with thick and few feathered setae on surface; tarsi of all legs with several thin setae on inner margin and sparse setae on outer margins. Claws apically hooked with a row of 8–9 denticles (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Abdomen.</b> Terga I–X pale yellowish brown with diffuse black markings and spines on posterior margins; posterolateral margins of abdominal terga I– III with blunt denticles and IV–IX with pointed denticles, size of denticles progressively larger posteriorly. Sterna I–VII white and VIII–IX yellowish (Figs 1–2). Gills I–VII, well-tracheated, slender, gills II –VII with dorsal lamella larger than ventral (Figs 13–16). Sternum IX of male with deep apical cleft, sternum IX of female with apex entire and without emargination (Fig. 2). Caudal filaments pale yellow-brown; with a whorl of setae on alternate segments; setae shorter than length of corresponding segment.</p> <p> <b>Adult.</b> Unknown</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species named after the type locality, Andaman Islands.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Andaman Island (India).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>Choroterpes</i>) <i>andamanensis</i> <b>n. sp.</b> can be distinguished from all known species of subgenus <i>Choroterpes</i> by the following characters: (i) anteromedian emargination of labrum broad with five blunt denticles (Fig. 3); (ii) gills II–VII with dorsal lamella larger than ventral (Figs 14–16). (iii) femur with brown macula on middle and distal region (Figs 9–11); and (iv) claw with a row of 8–9 denticles (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Habitat:</b> Larvae of <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>Choroterpes</i>) <i>andamanensis</i> <b>n. sp.</b> inhabit small (from 1.5–2 m wide) stream (Nayachaar) (Fig. 57) (up to 54 m a.s.l.) of the Port Blair district, Andaman Island. This stream is characterized by medium water temperature (25°С at the time of sampling), average current velocity and bottom substrate predominantly with pebbles, sand, leaf litter and silt particles. The new species was found with <i>Baetis</i> sp.</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> Presently, three species are recorded from the subgenus <i>Choroterpes</i> s. str. in India viz., <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>petersi</i> Tong and Dudgeon, 2003 from southern Western Ghats by Selvakumar et al., (2015) which was originally described from Hong Kong, <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>kaegies</i> Selvakumar, Subramanian & Chandra, 2017 described from Himachal Pradesh and Meghalaya and the present new species, <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>Choroterpes</i>) <i>andamanensis</i> Vasanth, Subramanian & Selvakumar <b>n. sp.</b> from the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The distribution of <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>petersi</i> Tong and Dudgeon, 2003 appears to be disjunct in its geographical range. <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>kaegies</i> Selvakumar, Subramanian & Chandra, 2017 is widely distributed in North and North-East India. <i>Choroterpes</i> (<i>C</i>.) <i>andamanensis</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is only known from Andaman Islands. However, extensive field surveys are required to explore the distribution of this subgenus in the Indian subcontinent.</p>Published as part of <i>Vasanth, M., Subramanian, K. A., Selvakumar, C., Kubendran, T. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., 2021, Three new species of Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) of India with a new record of the genus Megaglena Peters and Edmunds, 1970, pp. 56-70 in Zootaxa 5076 (1)</i> on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5076.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5763329">http://zenodo.org/record/5763329</a>
Teloganodes sartorii Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp.
No full textTeloganodes sartorii Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, n. sp. Figs. 40–58. Materials examined. Holotype: Male larva, India, Tamil Nadu, Salem, Yercaud, Killiyur falls, 11 o 47 ’ 40.05 ” N, 78 o 11 ’ 59.62 ” E, 1226 m; 20.VIII. 2010, Colls. C. Selvakumar & K. G. Sivaramakrishnan [ZSI-I/E 11]. Paratypes: Five larvae, same data as holotype [ZSI-I/E 12]; 15 larvae, same data as holotype [UM]. Description. Larva. Body length 4–6 mm without cerci. Cerci slightly longer than body length. General dorsal colouration of head, thorax and abdomen darkbrown; sterna and legs uniformly yellowish. Eyes of male larva yellow and black (Fig. 40). Head: Outer margin of head fringed with regular row of setae from behind eyes to labrum insertion. Antennae long, 1.2 times head width, flagellum with 19–20 segments. Mouthparts similar to those of T. kodai (Figs. 41–46). Thorax: Pro and meso thorax with 6 rounded tubercles on dorsal face. Legs not similar in shape and without ornamentation; femoral submarginal row of short and blunt setae present. Forefemur moderately broad, ca. 1.5 times longer than wide; outer margin covered by thick, long setae and pointed setae (Fig. 47); two clusters of thin setae on apex (Fig. 50); 6–8 short and blunt setae on middle of dorsal surface; inner margin with row of long and thin setae, row continuing to dorsal face, close to articulation with trochanter. Mid and hind femora similar, slender, ca. 2 times longer than wide; dorsal margins each with row of long and stout setae and inner margins each with row of short, stout setae (Figs. 48, 49). Tibia and tarsal claw as in T. kodai (Fig. 51). Abdomen: No posterolateral projections on segments I–II, poorly developed on segments on segments II–VI, moderately developed on segments on segments VII–IX (Fig. 52). Tergal tubercles as in T. kodai (Fig. 53). Lateral margins of terga with short and thin setae. Gills on abdominal segments II–VI as in T. kodai (Figs. 54–58). Cerci with whorl of spineson every segment; spines shorter than length of corresponding segment. Winged stages. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after Dr. Michel Sartori in recognition of his major contribution to our knowledge of Oriental Teloganodidae. Diagnosis. The larva of T. sartorii, n. sp., can be distinguished from the apparently similar species T. kodai by the following combination of characters: (i) legs not similar in shape and without ornamentation (Figs 47–49); (ii) outer margin of the forefemora having a row of thick setae and two clusters of thin setae on apex; (Fig. 50); (iii) antennae long, 1.2 times head width, flagellum with 19–20 segments; and (iv) cerci with whorl of spines on every segment; spines shorter than length of corresponding segment.Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., Jacobus, Luke M., Janarthanan, S. & Arumugam, M., 2014, Two new genera and five new species of Teloganodidae (Ephemeroptera) from South India, pp. 87-104 in Zootaxa 3846 (1) on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3846.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24988
Klugephlebia Selvakumar, Subramanian & Sivaramakrishnan, n. gen.
No full textKlugephlebia Selvakumar, Subramanian & Sivaramakrishnan n. gen. Figs. 1–26 Type species: Klugephlebia kodai Selvakumar, Subramanian & Sivaramakrishnan n. sp. Description. Imago (Fig. 1). Eyes of male separated on meson of head by narrow space (Fig. 2). Eyes of female separated on meson of head by length 3× as great as maximum width of eye. Wings (Fig. 3): forewings with vein Rs forked less than 1/4 of distance from base to margin; vein MA forked slightly less than 1/3 of distance from base to margin, fork symmetrical; vein MP forked slightly less than 1/2 of distance from base to margin, MP2 attached at base to vein MP1 by crossvein; cubital area with 2 intercalaries, as in Fig. 3; few cross veins. Costal projection of hindwings well developed, bluntly convex; apex of projection located less than ½ of distance from base (Fig. 4); few cross veins. Legs: ratios of segments in male forelegs, 0.52: 1.00 (2.9 mm): 0.04: 0.35: 0.3: 0.185: 0.07 (Fig. 5). Claws dissimilar; one apically hooked, one obtuse, pad-like (Fig. 8). Male genitalia (Fig. 9–10): segments 2 and 3 of forceps short, apex of segment 3 rounded, base of forceps broad, inner margin forming smooth bend near middle of forceps; length of styliger plate along median line slightly more than 1/3 maximum width, apex of styliger plate entire; penis divided, tubular, broader at base and tapering towards apex as in Fig. 9. Seventh sternum of female with small broad ovipositor (Fig. 11). Ninth sternum of female moderately cleft apically. Terminal filament longer than cerci. Larva (Figs. 12–13). Head prognathous. Mouthparts: Anteriormedian emargination of labrum deeply cleft, apparently with two denticles; both distal and proximal transverse setal rows regular; proximal transverse setal row laterally curved distally; scattered long setae on ventral side (Figs. 14–15). Lingua of hypopharynx with well-developed lateral processes (Fig. 16), anterior margin shallowly cleft; superlingua of hypopharynx as in Fig. 16, with row of hair-like setae along anterior margin. Left mandible: incisor with three denticles and kinetodontium with three denticles; right mandible: incisor with three denticles and kinetodontium with two denticles; prostheca more developed on left mandible than right mandible; row of 6–7 long and thin setae below mola of right mandibles; outer edge of mandibles with tuft of long and thin setae (Figs. 17–18). Maxilla (Fig. 19) stout and robust; palp three-segmented and short, with long setae on second and third segment; inner apical angle of galea with one comb-shaped dentiseta. Labium (Fig. 20): segment 2 of palp slightly shorter than segment 1; segment 3 shorter than segment 2; 5–6 thick, triangular, spine-like setae on dorsal surface, inner and outer margins with short thin setae; glossa small and rounded apically; paraglossa large, rounded laterally and inner margin slightly pointed. Setae on anterolateral margins of prothorax. Metathoracic wing pads present. Legs (Figs. 21–24): Fore and mid femora each with regular row of long thin setae on outer margin; outer margin of hind femur with row of short setae; inner margin of all femora with scattered short setae; patellar-tibial sutures absent in all legs; inner margin of fore tibia with two rows of stout and feathered setae, outer margin with row of thin setae; inner margin of mid tibia with row of stout and pointed setae, outer margin with row of thin setae; inner margin of hind tibia with row of stout and pointed setae and irregular row of thin setae and outer margin with row of stout and pointed setae. Each tarsus with row of pointed setae on inner side. Apex of claws not hooked, denticles on claws progressively larger apically. Gills present on abdominal segment 1–7; dorsal and ventral portions of lamellae of gill 1 slender and lanceolate with branched tracheae (Fig. 25), dorsal and ventral portions of lamellae of gills 2–7 wider and lanceolate, long and suddenly tapering at apex (Fig. 26). Posterolateral spines on abdominal segments 6–9, progressively larger posteriorly. Etymology. The new genus name is in honour of Dr. N. J. Kluge, recognizing his substantial contribution to mayfly systematics and phylogeny. The gender is masculine. Diagnosis. Klugephlebia gen. n. shares all features of the subfamily Atalophlebiinae of Leptophlebiidae; in the imago by the possession of square facets in the dorsal portion of the eyes of adult males (Peters & Gillies 1995) and in the larvae: (i) dorsal surface of labrum with a well-defined row of setae (Fig. 15); (ii) hypopharynx with superlinguae laterally developed (Fig. 16); (iii) galea with the proximal dentiseta comb-shaped (Fig. 19) (Kluge 1994). Klugephlebia gen. n. can be differentiated from all other genera of Atalophlebiinae by the following combination of characters: In the imago: (i) vein MP forked slightly less than half of distance from base to margin, MP2 attached at base to vein MP1 by a crossvein (Fig. 3); (ii) costal margin of hindwings with bluntly convex projection; apex of costal projection located less than half distance from base (Fig. 4); (iii) claws of a pair dissimilar, one apically hooked, the other obtuse, pad-like (Fig. 8) and (iv) segments 2 and 3 of forceps short, apex of segment 3 rounded, base of forceps broad, inner margin forming a smooth bend near middle of forceps; penis divided, tubular, broader at base and tapering towards apex as Fig. 9. In the larvae: (i) gills present on abdominal segments 1–7; dorsal and ventral portions of lamellae of gill 1 slender and lanceolate with branched tracheae (Fig. 25), dorsal and ventral portions of lamellae of gills 2–7 wider and lanceolate, long and suddenly tapering at apex (Fig. 26); (ii) Fore and mid femora with a regular row of long, thin setae on outer margin; denticles on claws progressively larger apically (Figs. 21–24); (iii) length of the labrum more than half of the width, lateral lobes rounded, anteriomedian emargination deeply cleft, apparently with 2 denticles; proximal transverse setal row laterally curved distally (Figs. 14–15); (iv) maxillary palp short, with long setae on third segment (Fig. 19) and third segment of labial palp with 5–6 thick, spine-like setae on dorsal surface, inner and outer margins with short, thin setae (Fig. 20). Distribution. India (known only from hill streams of type locality).Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Sivaruban, T., Subramanian, K. A. & Sivaramakrishnan, K. G., 2016, A new genus and species of Atalophlebiinae (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) from Palni hills of the southern Western Ghats, India, pp. 381-391 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on pages 382-383, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20836
Thalerosphyrus meghalayensis Selvakumar & Chandra & Sivaramakrishnan & Jehamalar 2017, n. sp.
No full textThalerosphyrus meghalayensis Selvakumar & Chandra n. sp. (Figs 1–21) Material examined. Holotype: 1 larva, INDIA, Meghalaya, East Khasi Hills district, Lawsohtun, Umjasai Nala, 25°30'56.16" N, 91°51'20.16" E, 1707 m, 27.ii.2016, coll. E.E. Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5485/H13). Paratypes: 4 larvae, same data as holotype (Reg. No. 5486/H13); 3 larvae, East Khasi Hills district, Sangmain, Umpaimmaw Nala, 25°32'31.49" N, 91°51'3.6" E, 1767 m, 08.iii.2016, coll. E.E. Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5487/H13); 4 larvae, East Khasi Hills district, Lumparing, Umrisa Nala, 25°33'11.48" N, 91°53'3.59" E, 1707 m, 27.ii.2016, coll. E. E. Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5488/H13); 1 larva, East Jaintia Hills district, Narpuh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jamchera village stream, 25°05'31.99" N, 92°21'39.1" E, 234 m, 11.iii.2016, coll. E.E. Jehamalar (Reg. No. 5489/H13). Description. Larva. Body length 7 mm and cerci length 10 mm (full grown female larva). Dorsal and ventral side colour pattern as in Figs 1–3. Head. Labrum greatly expended laterally, 3x as broad as long, with narrow and somewhat acute apexes (Fig. 4); dorsal surface and anterior margin covered with long and thin setae; ventral surface with a long median arch of 20 strong and pointed setae ending close to anterior margin. Hypopharynx with robust lingua bearing a tuft of small setae, superlinguae densely covered with long and thin setae replaced before apex by very small setae up to lower part of superlinguae (Fig. 5). Left mandible (Fig. 6) with 11–12 fimbriate setae below inner incisor and 6 long simple and thin setae below mola. Right mandible (Fig. 7) with 10–11 fimbriate setae below inner incisor and 9 long simple and thin setae below mola. Crown of galea-lacinia of maxillae composed of 19–20 comb-shape setae, median ones bearing 10–12 teeth (Fig. 8). Labium with glossae rhomboid, clearly concave on their inner and outer margins near apex, dorsal surface with numerous stout setae and numerous thin and simple setae (Figs 9–10). Thorax. Pronotum moderately expanded laterally and posteriorly (Fig. 1). Femora with a row of setae on outer margin; outer margin of fore tibia with few thin setae on proximal fourth, mid tibia with a row of thin setae on outer margin almost to tarsi (Figs 11–13). Bristles on upper face of hind femora with subparallel or slightly convergent margins, apex truncate or rounded (Fig. 14). Outer margin of hind tibia with a row of 12–13 pointed bristles in marginal or submarginal position and one row of thin setae in marginal or submarginal position (Fig. 15). Tarsal claw with 3–4 teeth (Fig. 16). Abdomen. Posterolateral expansions not developed on segment I, weakly developed on segment II, strongly developed on segment III and increasing in size up to VII where they may be as long as segment VIII, shorter on segment VIII and smaller proportionally to those of segments III (Fig. 3). Gill I elongated with concave outer margin, more than 2 times longer than wide (Fig. 17); gill III–VI strongly asymmetrical, wider than long (Figs 18– 19), gill VII oval and asymmetrical with rounded apex (Fig. 20). Posterior margin of tergites with regular pointed teeth, and numerous microdenticles (Fig. 21). Terminal filament well developed, cerci yellowish with 4–5 white bands increasing in size towards apex; segments with whorls of stout and pointed setae. Adult. Unknown. Etymology. This species is named after the place of collection, Meghalaya state, India. Diagnosis. Thalerosphyrus meghalayensis Selvakumar & Chandra n. sp. can be distinguished from Th. vietnamensis (Dang 1967) by posterolateral expansions of the abdomen more or less developed, those of segment VIII always shorter than those of segment VII (Fig. 3) and from Th. bishopi Braasch & Soldan 1986 by gill VII oval and asymmetrical with rounded apex (Fig. 20) and superlinguae of hypopharynx densely covered with long and thin setae replaced before apex by very small setae up to lower part of superlinguae (Fig. 5). Moreover, Thalerosphyrus meghalayensis n. sp. can be distinguished from other species by the following combination of characters: (i) pronotum moderately enlarged laterally (Fig. 1); (ii) bristles on the dorsal face of hind femora truncate or rounded at apex (Fig. 14); (iii) hind tibia with a row of thin setae (Fig. 15) and (v) posterior margin of tergites with regularly pointed teeth, and numerous microdenticles (Fig. 21).Published as part of Selvakumar, C., Chandra, Kailash, Sivaramakrishnan, K. G. & Jehamalar, E. Eyarin, 2017, A new species of Thalerosphyrus Eaton 1881 (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurinae) from India, pp. 84-90 in Zootaxa 4350 (1) on pages 85-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/105093
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