536 research outputs found
Jan Scheinost. Catholic and Fascist, Journalist and Politician
No full textThe aim of the doctoral thesis is an analysis of the ideas and political activities of Jan Scheinost (1896-1964), a journalist and skilful backstage policymaker who was also known as an ideologist of Czech fascism. The thesis presents and analyses primarily those texts and activities of this controversial personality which were somehow unique, typical or atypical for the Czechoslovak political and intellectual scene of the First and Second Republic, i.e. from the 1920s to the period of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The influential Catholic journalist Scheinost is often connected not only with conservative traditional Catholicism but also with Fascism in academic literature. However, the thesis tries to prove that throughout his career, Jan Scheinost was always mainly looking for the most suitable movement or political party for putting into practice his aggressive Catholic ideas. At the same time the thesis also follows the historical, cultural and media context in which has Scheinost, as the editor in chief of the daily Lidové listy, acted. Scheinost, as a convinced nationalist and Catholic, joined the Czechoslovak People's Party at the beginning of the 1920s, but this party was not conservative enough for him, and he also felt that it made too many compromises. That is why he..
Exploring the cyber-organised crime narrative: The hunt for a new bogeyman?
No full textThis paper looks at the significance and the scale of the use of the OC representation when it comes to cybercrime and other Internet-facilitated crimes at the European and international level by conducting a document analysis on official outputs of the major security and intelligence agencies, centres, and other relevant organisations addressing the possible intersections between OC, cybercrimes, and internet-facilitated crimes. This contribution problematises the current use of the cyber-OC narrative and shows how this appears insufficient to guarantee a common level of understanding in public and scientific debates. Before moving to the core of this contribution, the following sections provide a concise overview of the existing academic literature dealing with cyber-OC and related problems, showing how evidence-based research is still indecisive as to the degree of organisation of offenders operating in cyberspace
Criminological aspects of organised crime
No full text1 Criminological aspects of organised crime Abstract Organised crime is a serious issue affecting global society. Its influence globally destabilizes order and safety. In this thesis I provide a basic overview of the subject of organised crime and attempt to give a general insight into the main aspects of this phenomenon. Criminological aspects are introduced in the context of conceptualization, typologization and history of organised crime. Legal aspects are also given attention, with attempts to summarize most important legal tools in fighting organised crime. I have also attempted to provide a critique of current legislative measures with predictions about new challenges in controlling organised crime. First chapter focuses on introducing the phenomenon of organised crime. Various definitions of organised crime are explored and compared against one another. Further analysis of individual traits associated with the phenomenon follows. Last part of the chapter is devoted to exploring various criminal activities of organised crime. Second chapter focuses on typologies of criminal organisations. Four typologies are explored in total. First comes the summarization of a terminology by two Czech authors, Scheinost and Musil. Exploration of the typology provided by a United Nations survey follows. Third and..
Changing face of organised crime or old and new usual suspects
No full textScheinost, M. Changing face of organised crime or old and new usual suspects / Miroslav Scheinost // Constructing and organising crime in Europe / Petrus C. van Duyne, Alexey Serdyuk, Georgios A. Antonopoulos, Jackie H. Harvey, Klaus von Lampe (Eds.); Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Northumbria University, Teesside University, Utrecht University. – Chicago-Kharkiv : Eleven International Publishing, Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, 2019. - P. 235-257. - DOI: https://doi.org/10.32631/ccc19.10.Концепція організованої злочинності в Чеській Республіці зазнала значних змін. Організована злочинність за «старим стилем» з «звичайними підозрюваними» більше не є головною проблемою і основним джерелом занепокоєння в порівнянні з громадською думкою в 1990-х роках. Замість цього загроза організованої злочинності полягає в її економічному і політичному впливі. У зв'язку з цим ми можемо нагадати читачеві про концепцію «хрещеного батька», який завдяки своїм економічним становищем і владі здатний уникати правозастосування та маніпулювати демократичними механізмами, що впливає на формування політики державними органами.The concept of organised crime in the Czech Republic has undergone significant developments. Organised crime ‘old style’ with the ‘usual suspects’ is no longer the top problem and major source of concern, at least in comparison with the public opinion during the 1990s. The threat of organised crime, instead, is found in its economic and political influence. In this regard we may remind the reader of the concept of the ‘godfather’ who due to his economic position and power is able to avoid law enforcement and manipulate democratic mechanisms, thereby affecting policy making by public authorities.
The official reports on the security situation do not use the term ‘godfather’ but the threat of the influence of organised crime operating in economic sectors is distinctly articulated.Концепция организованной преступности в Чешской Республике претерпела значительные изменения. Организованная преступность по «старому стилю» с «обычными подозреваемыми» больше не является главной проблемой и основным источником беспокойства, по крайней мере, по сравнению с общественным мнением в 1990-х годах. Вместо этого угроза организованной преступности заключается в ее экономическом и политическом влиянии. В связи с этим мы можем напомнить читателю о концепции «крестного отца», который благодаря своему экономическому положению и власти способен избегать правоприменения и манипулировать демократическими механизмами, что влияет на формирование политики государственными органами
Assessment of solid/liquid equilibria in the (U, Zr)O2+y system
No full textSolid/liquid equilibria in the system UO2eZrO2 are revisited in this work by laser heating coupled with
fast optical thermometry. Phase transition points newly measured under inert gas are in fair agreement
with the early measurements performed by Wisnyi et al., in 1957, the only study available in the literature
on the whole pseudo-binary system. In addition, a minimum melting point is identified here for
compositions near (U0.6Zr0.4)O2þy, around 2800 K. The solidus line is rather flat on a broad range of
compositions around the minimum. It increases for compositions closer to the pure end members, up to
the melting point of pure UO2 (3130 K) on one side and pure ZrO2 (2970 K) on the other. Solid state phase
transitions (cubic-tetragonal-monoclinic) have also been observed in the ZrO2-rich compositions X-ray
diffraction. Investigations under 0.3 MPa air (0.063 MPa O2) revealed a significant decrease in the melting
points down to 2500 Ke2600 K for increasing uranium content (x(UO2)> 0.2). This was found to be
related to further oxidation of uranium dioxide, confirmed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. For
example, a typical oxidised corium composition U0.6Zr0.4O2.13 was observed to solidify at a temperature
as low as 2493 K.
The current results are important for assessing the thermal stability of the system fuel e cladding in an
oxide based nuclear reactor, and for simulating the system behaviour during a hypothetical severe
accident
Criminological aspects of organised crime
No full textKriminologické aspekty organizované kriminality Abstrakt Organizovaná kriminalita je vážným problémem ovlivňujícím globální společnost. Její vliv v různých státech destabilizuje pořádek a bezpečnost. V této diplomové práci poskytuji základní přehled k tématu organizované kriminality ve snaze podat ucelený vhled do hlavních aspektů tohoto jevu. Kriminologické aspekty jsou představeny v souvislosti s konceptualizací, typologizaci a historii organizovaného zločinu. Právním aspektům je také věnovaná pozornost, spolu se snahou shrnout hlavní právní nástroje v boji proti organizovanému zločinu. Snažila jsem se rozvinout kritickou úvahu o současné legislativě a představit možné výzvy do budoucna. První kapitola je zaměřená na představení fenoménu organizované kriminality. Různé definice jsou rozebrány a porovnány mezi sebou. Následuje analýza konkrétních znaků spojovaných s jevem. Poslední část kapitoly je věnovaná rozboru forem trestné činnosti organizovaných skupin. Druhá kapitola se zaměřuje na typologie kriminálních organizací. Celkově jsou rozebrány čtyři typologie. Jako první v pořadí je shrnutí typologie původem české, od Scheinosta a Musila. Následuje představení typologie ze studie Organizace spojených národů. Třetí a čtvrtá typologie pochází z práce německého kriminologa von Lampeho. První z nich je...1 Criminological aspects of organised crime Abstract Organised crime is a serious issue affecting global society. Its influence globally destabilizes order and safety. In this thesis I provide a basic overview of the subject of organised crime and attempt to give a general insight into the main aspects of this phenomenon. Criminological aspects are introduced in the context of conceptualization, typologization and history of organised crime. Legal aspects are also given attention, with attempts to summarize most important legal tools in fighting organised crime. I have also attempted to provide a critique of current legislative measures with predictions about new challenges in controlling organised crime. First chapter focuses on introducing the phenomenon of organised crime. Various definitions of organised crime are explored and compared against one another. Further analysis of individual traits associated with the phenomenon follows. Last part of the chapter is devoted to exploring various criminal activities of organised crime. Second chapter focuses on typologies of criminal organisations. Four typologies are explored in total. First comes the summarization of a terminology by two Czech authors, Scheinost and Musil. Exploration of the typology provided by a United Nations survey follows. Third and...Department of Criminal LawKatedra trestního právaFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult
Invited Keynote Presentation 'Interaction of selenite with iron sulphides: a new perspective'
No full textThe geochemistry of selenium, exhibiting valence states from
+VI to –II, is of key importance due to its role as a highly toxic essential micronutrient and as a significant component of high level radioactive waste (HLRW). XAS studies conducted at circum-neutral pH have shown that pyrite (FeS2
), the most relevant redox-active
mineral in Boom clay, reduces selenite to a solid-state Se(0) phase. This observation raises several questions. First, why does an Fe-free Se(0) phase form in presence of pyrite, while selenite is reduced to FeSex
by troilite and mackinawite (FeS)?[1-4]. What is the exact
identity of this Se(0) phase, which has been observed by several authors? Why is a dissolved, low oxidation-state selenium species encountered in association with the Se(0) phase; and what is its identity? Correlating selenium redox chemistry with sulphide mineral oxidation pathways allowed to link these observations to the different oxidation behaviour of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble metal sulphides [5].
Acid insoluble metal sulphides such as pyrite, molybdenite or
tungstenite exhibit oxidative dissolution only. Upon six consequent one-electron oxidation steps, a thiosulphate anion is liberated (thiosulphate pathway). In contrast, acid soluble metal sulphides (troilite, mackinawite, sphalerite, etc.) exhibit also non-oxidative dissolution thereby liberating sulphide species (H2 oxidative dissolution in presence of FeIII cations (e.g. H2S+
S, HS- disulphide species, which may further to ,S2- ). Under
). The latter can spontaneously dimerize react
(polysulphide pathway) and finally elemental sulphur. The end products of Se(IV) reduction by acid-soluble
2-
, they release sulphide into
polysulphide iron
sulphur minerals are fairly well known, but the solid and liquid phase species present during interaction of SeO3
characterized. The solid phase reaction product could not yet be assigned as a specific phase, but clearly identified as a Se0
compound.
Trigonal (grey) selenium could be excluded as a canditate.[4] The presence of an unexpected high concentration of reduced, dissolved species in presence of pyrite, led to a new pyrite-centered reduction mechanism. Based on this mechanism, a hypothesis about the identity of the unknown dissolved species was put forward. In addition, the new mechanism explains all current experimental observations, especially the presence of the currently non-identified dissolved species and the unexpected relation between Se(IV) reduction and pH.[6] [1] Breynaert, et al. (2008) ES&T. 42(10): 3595-3601. [2] Scheinost and Charlet, L. (2008) ES&T. 42(6): 1984-1989. [3] Scheinost, et al. (2008) J. Contam. Hydrol. 102(3-4): 228-245. [4] Breynaert, et al. (2010) ES&T. 44(17): 6649-6655. [5] Rohwerder and Sand (2007) in Microbial Processing of Metal Sulfides.p 35-58. [6] Kang, et al. (2011) ES&T. 45: 2704-2710sponsorship: NIRASstatus: Publishe
Framework modifications and dehydration path of a Ag+-modified zeolite with STI framework type.
No full textStructural Modifications and thermal stability of Cd2+-exchanged stellerite, a zeolite with STI framework-type
No full textThe cigarette smuggling business in Greece
No full textThe author investigates the cigarette smuggling business in Greece
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