442 research outputs found
Cross-border co-operation as policy entrepreneurship: explaining the variable success of European cross-border regions
No full textThe article addresses the recent proliferation of Cross-Border Regions, or Euroregions, across the EU. It aims to explain why they have been more successfully institutionalised in some areas while they have had less success in others. It conceptualises Euroregions as the outcome of policy entrepreneurship strategies through which support is mobilised on the local level and the Euroregions are institutionalised into durable organisations. Based on a systematic comparison of three cases, the EUREGIO, Viadrina and Tyrol, it is shown how different administrative and institutional environments throughout the EU affect the ability of Euroregions to engage in policy entrepreneurship. At the same time, it is shown that is it premature to perceive Euroregions as new types of regional territorial entities; rather, they constitute an institutional form through which existing authorities engage in collective action across nation-state borders within the context of EU multi-level governance
The construction of new scales: a framework and case study of the EUREGIO cross-border region
No full textThe article proposes a framework for analysing re-scaling processes and applies it to a case study of the Dutch-German EUREGIO cross-border region. While much of the scale debate focuses on the causes and consequences of re-scaling, the article addresses the conditions and circumstances in which new territorial scales emerge and suggests a framework of necessary components of re-scaling processes. Informed by neo-Gramscian thinking, the scales debate as well recent analyses of regionalisation, these are formulated as: political mobilisation, governance building and strategic unification. The case study locates the EUREGIO case with respect to these dimensions. The article concludes that this framework can be used for studying and comparing other re -scaling cases and presents an initial typology for classifying cross-border regions
Investigating academics’ industry engagement through survey data
No full textOver the past thirty years, the attention toward the commercialization of knowledge developed within universities has increased dramatically. Universities are a prototype for knowledge-intensive organizations and as such they provide lines of discovery and analysis that help scholars understand broader research commercialization dynamics, including open innovation, organizational change and individual entrepreneurial behavior. Yet researchers also face challenges that are specific to this type of organization. This workshop aims to continue the rich discussion from the 2007 and 2008 AOM Annual Meetings. Our aim in this year’s session is to provide the opportunity for participants to learn about approaches, data sources and methods available for the study of universities. Approaches, data and methods used by researchers in this field vary widely. We therefore see this PDW as providing a one-stop-shop for both early career and more experienced faculty researchers to gain an overview on recent developments and future challenges in this area
Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Research Centre at Imperial College
No full textThe Qatar Carbonates and Carbon Storage Centre (QCCSRC) was established to investigate key challenges in gas and oil production in Qatar and build local capacity in this area of expertise. The Centre operates at Imperial College London, and is funded by Qatar Petroleum, Royal Dutch Shell plc, and the Qatar Science and Technology Park (QSTP).
Imperial College London is a research-based university specializing in natural sciences, engineering, medicine and business. Founded in 1907, Imperial has about 14,000 full-time students and 3000 academic staff of which 1000 are permanent faculty who teach 242 courses. The College has a turnover of approx. £800, and was ranked 8th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2013.
Qatar Petroleum was created in 1974 with the overall objective to maximize the national wealth of the State of Qatar through the exploitation of Qatar's hydrocarbon reserves. Specifically, Qatar Petroleum seeks to provide the nation with a reliable cash flow of maximum value from diversified business interests connected to hydrocarbons; to build an organization with internationally competitive business and technical expertise; to maximize the employment of capable Qatari nationals, and develop their skills to a level comparable to the leading international oil companies; and to meet national oil and gas demand in a cost-effective way.
Royal Dutch Shell is a major international energy corporation. Having invested over $20 billion in Qatar since 2005, it is the country’s largest foreign investor, and works closely with Qatar Petroleum in extracting Qatar’s hydrocarbon reserves. Shell has sought to strengthen its commitment to this location by promoting employment for Qatari nationals and engaging with local universities.
Qatar Science & Technology Park (QSTP) is Qatar’s national agency charged with executing applied research and delivering commercialized technologies in four areas:
2014 88
energy, environment, health sciences, and information and communication technologies, and has a remit to promote economic and human capital development in Qatar. Royal Dutch Shell is an anchor tenant in the Park. QSTP comprises 45,000 square meters of multi-user buildings, fitted with offices, laboratories and business facilities, on 120 hectares of designated land.
The 10-year QCCSRC research centre was established in 2008. The QCCSRC’s major objectives are to conduct novel geoscience applied to Qatar’s geological specificities, to support new methods of carbon capture, and develop local talent in Qatar in the wider field of geosciences and engineering. The centre involves over 40 academic staff, postdoctoral researchers and PhD students, drawn mostly from two Imperial departments, the department of Earth Science and Engineering, and the department of Chemical Engineering. Its work programme is structured into five streams. The first stream addresses fundamental research into the geology of oil reservoirs, while the second stream focuses more on the chemistry and physics of the interaction between the rock reservoirs and the fluids they contained. The third stream seeks to integrate the preceding two streams into a mathematical simulation of the behaviour of fluids in various reservoir conditions. The fourth stream takes the data from the simulator and validates it in field experiments, leading to the fifth and final work stream, which involves the creation of a demonstration project in an oil field incorporating the findings from the previous streams of work.
The centre is led by a Director and overseen by a Management Committee which is chaired by a QP representative and including representatives from Imperial and Shell. The Management Committee is responsible for the overall governance of the centre including finance and budgetary approval, as well as the approval of outline work plans. In addition, the centre has a Technical Committee, which is again chaired by a QP representative, with other members drawn from the university and Shell. The technical committee is charged with the creation of the work plans, the definition of project plans and staffing, and with the technical oversight of on-going research. Alongside the director, a programme manager is employed to co-ordinate activities including the compilation of a quarterly management report detailing the work of the Centre, progress against targets and detailed financial metrics.
We conducted seven interviews with key informants involved in the QCCSRC, representing both the industrial and academic context, and including PhD students. Each interview lasted between 20 to 60 minutes. Along with face-to-face interviews we analyzed a series of secondary materials (such as web sites) with the aim to triangulate different sources of data. We also used a body of transcripts of 20 interviews that one of the case study authors had conducted in 2011 with the objective to learn about the nature of the collaboration, its success factors and outcomes, and the benefits and challenges experienced by the various stakeholders
Research on universities and commercialization: Contributions to management research. Professional Development Workshop at Academy of Management Meeting, San Antonio, USA
No full textUniversities have long been an interesting setting to study some relevant management issues. A large body of research has shed light on processes including technology commercialization, academic entrepreneurship and university-industry collaboration. While much of the existing work has focused on documenting empirical relationships and phenomena, this workshop centers on different theoretical lenses that may be useful in examining such phenomena and addresses how research on universities may yield more general theoretical contributions to the management literature. We provide an opportunity for participants to learn about recent work that draws on and extends theories in areas such as entrepreneurship, teamwork, creativity, decision making, institutional change and strategy. The workshop also aims to continue the discussions from previous AOM Annual Meetings, centering on universities as settings that are in themselves of high interest to management scholars, but also as settings to generate and test more general management theories publishable in top journals. This PDW will be useful to both early career and more experienced faculty to learn about recent theoretical developments and future challenges in this area
Predicting a prolonged air leak after video assisted thoracic surgery, is it really possible?
No full textValidation of predictive risk models for prolonged air leak (PAL) is essential to
understand if they can help to reduce its incidence and complications. This
study aimed to evaluate both the clinical and statistical performances of 4
existing models. We selected 4 predictive PAL risk models based on their
scientific relevance. We referred to these models as Chicago, Bordeaux,
Leeds and Pittsburgh model, respectively, according to the affiliation place
of the first author. These predicting risk models were retrospectively applied
to patients recorded on the second edition of the Italian Video-Assisted
Thoracoscopic Surgery Group registry. Predictions for each patient were
calculated based on the logistic regression coefficient values provided in the
original manuscripts. All models were tested for their overall performance,
discrimination, and calibration. We recalibrated the original models with the
re-estimation of the model intercept and slope. We used curve decision
analysis to describe and compare the clinical effects of the studied risk mod
els.
Better statistical metrics characterize the models developed on larger
populations (Chicago and Bordeaux models). However, no model has a valid
benefit for threshold probability greater than 0.30. The Net benefit of the
most performing model (Bordeaux model) at the threshold probability of
0.11 is 23 of 1000 patients, burdened by 333 false positive cases. One of
1000 is the Net benefit at the threshold probability of 0.3. The use of PAL
scores based on preoperative predictive factors cannot be currently used in
a clinical setting because of a high false positive rate and low positive pre
dictive valu
Professional Development Workshop - AOM 2012 - Research on universities and science: Geography, institutions, and disciplinary fields, Academy of Management Conference, Boston
No full textOver the past three decades, scholars, practioners, and policy makers alike have dedicated increasing attention to the role of university research in innovation processes, entrepreneurship, and economic growth. Studies of university research now span multiple disciplinary fields and encompass nearly every geographic region. Unfortunately, comparative studies across different fields and geographic areas are limited, hampering our ability to develop effective theoretical, managerial and policy insights that are appropriately sensitive to context. This workshop aims to continue the annual rich discussions of university research dating from the 2008 AoM Annual Meeting, focusing especially on the role of geographic and disciplinary contexts. This PDW will be useful to both early career and more experienced scholars to learn about recent developments and future challenges in this area
A new take on the categorical imperative: Gatekeeping, boundary maintenance, and evaluation penalties in science
No full textExtant theory suggests that candidates with an unfocused identity – those spanning different categories - suffer from a valuation penalty because evaluators are confused by their profile, and concerned they lack the required skills. We argue that unfocused candidates may be penalized for another reason: they threaten established social boundaries. This happens in contexts where evaluators act as gatekeepers for social entities such as professions. We test how the penalty applied to unfocused candidates varies in an academic accreditation process, a setting where evaluators decide on admitting candidates to an academic discipline and where candidates’ prior performance is observable. We find, using data on the 2012 national scientific qualification in Italian academia, that the valuation penalty applied to unfocused (multi-disciplinary) candidates was most pronounced for the most high-performing candidates. High-performing yet ill-fitting candidates threaten the distinctiveness and knowledge domain of the discipline and are hence penalized by evaluators. High-performing multidisciplinary candidates suffered the greatest penalty in small and distinctive academic disciplines and when accreditors were highly typical members of their discipline. Our theory and findings suggest that the categorical imperative may not only be driven by cognitive or capability considerations, as typically argued in the literature, but also by attempts to maintain social boundaries
Attention to Exploration: The Effect of Academic Entrepreneurship on the Production of Scientific Knowledge
No full textWe study how becoming an entrepreneur affects academic scientists' research. We propose that entrepreneurship will shift scientists' attention away from intradisciplinary research questions and toward new bodies of knowledge relevant for downstream technology development. This will propel scientists to engage in exploration, meaning they work on topics new to them. In turn, this shift toward exploration will enhance the impact of the entrepreneurial scientist's subsequent research, as concepts and models from other bodies of knowledge are combined in novel ways. Entrepreneurship leads to more impactful research, mediated by exploration. Using panel data on the full population of scientists at a large research university, we find support for this argument. Our study is novel in that it identifies a shift of attention as the mechanism underpinning the beneficial spillover effects from founding a venture on the production of public science. A key implication of our study is that commercial work by academics can drive fundamental advances in science
Research on university research commercialization: approaches, methodologies, and data sources, Professional Development Workshop at Academy of Management Meeting, Montreal, Canada
No full textOver the past thirty years, the attention toward the commercialization of knowledge developed within universities has increased dramatically. Universities are a prototype for knowledge-intensive organizations and as such they provide lines of discovery and analysis that help scholars understand broader research commercialization dynamics, including open innovation, organizational change and individual entrepreneurial behavior. Yet researchers also face challenges that are specific to this type of organization. This workshop aims to continue the rich discussion from the 2007 and 2008 AOM Annual Meetings. Our aim in this year’s session is to provide the opportunity for participants to learn about approaches, data sources and methods available for the study of universities. Approaches, data and methods used by researchers in this field vary widely. We therefore see this PDW as providing a one-stop-shop for both early career and more experienced faculty researchers to gain an overview on recent developments and future challenges in this area
- …
