1,722,620 research outputs found
Associazione tra sintetasi degli acidi grassi, resistenza insulinica, diabete di tipo 2 e tumori
No full textAn emerging paradigm supports the notion that deregulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN)-catalyzed de novo FA biogenesis could play a central role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases sharing the hallmark of insulin-resistance. We reviewed pharmacological and genetic alterations of FASN activity that have been shown to significantly influence energy expenditure rates, fat mass, insulin sensitivity, and cancer risk. This new paradigm proposes that insulin-resistant conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer arise from a common FASN-driven "lipogenic state". An important question then is whether the development or the progression of insulin-related metabolic disorders can be prevented or reversed by the modulation of FASN status. If we accept the paradigm of FASN dysfunction as a previously unrecognized link between insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, the use of insulin sensitizers in parallel with forthcoming FASN inhibitors should be a valuable therapeutic approach that, in association with lifestyle interventions, would concurrently improve energy-flux status, ameliorate insulin sensitivity, and alleviate the risk of lipogenic carcinomas. Although the picture is currently incomplete and researchers in the field have plenty of work ahead, the latest clinical and experimental evidence that we discuss illuminates a functional and drug-modifiable link that connects FASN-driven endogenous FA biosynthesis, insulin action, and glucose homeostasis in the natural history of insulin-resistant pathologies. Copyright original
L’albumina glicata nella gestione clinica del diabete mellito = Glycated albumin in the management of diabetes mellitus
No full textL’albumina glicata si forma per reazione non enzimatica post-traduzionale tra l’albumina e il glucosio, e la sua misura riflette la glicemia media delle ultime 2-3 settimane antecedenti il prelievo. L’albumina glicata, a differenza dell’emoglobina glicata, può essere misurata sul siero o plasma anche in pazienti con anemie o emoglobinopatie, o con insufficienza renale, in alternativa all’emoglobina glicata, che non è utilizzabile in queste particolari situazioni. A parte il suo utilizzo in alternativa a quello dell’emoglobina A1c, l’albumina glicata è di per sé una proteina con un potere aterogenico importante per lo sviluppo delle complicanze macrovascolari e quindi la sua misura può avere un ruolo predittivo per queste condizioni. In questa rassegna rivediamo gli aspetti fisiopatologici di base, il suo possibile utilizzo in ambito diabetologico e i principali fattori pre-analitici e analitici.Glycated albumin (GA) is a ketoamine formed through a non-enzymatic glycation reaction of serum albumin with glucose and it reflects the mean glycemia over the previous two or three weeks. GA can be measured on serum or plasma and can be used for patients with anemia or hemoglobinopathies, or chronic kidney diseases, for whom the hemoglobin A1c level may be inaccurate. GA is potentially an atherogenic protein in the development of diabetic atherosclerosis and its measurement may have a predictive role for these conditions. We review the changes induced by glycation on the properties of albumin, the possible use of GA measurements in diabetes monitoring and diagnosis, and its principal pre-analytical and analytical aspects
Le raccomandazioni per lo screening e la diagnosi del diabete gestazionale: semplificazione o confusione
No full textStandardizzazione dell’emoglobina glicata nell’ambito dello studio DAI
No full textThe results obtained from 85 antidiabetic centers enrolled in the DAI study are presented with regard to the external quality assessment scheme for glycohemoglobin. The materials have been prepared by a laboratory of the network of reference laboratories of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry (IFCC). To each control a Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) traceable target value was assigned. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) methods for glycohemoglobin are used in 75% of the centers, the immunochemical techniques in 21% and less than 5% is using affinity chromatography based methods. The data collected from the laboratories who completed the set of measurements show that 64% of the centers are well aligned to the DCCT system. The reproducibility of the methods varied between 3.7 and 5.8% (as CV, %) and has to be improved
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