273 research outputs found
The effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease
No full textThe effects of exercise training on lipid metabolism and coronary heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 319: H76-H88, 2020. First published May 22, 2020; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00708. 2019.-Blood lipoproteins are formed by various amounts of cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TGs), phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (Apos). ApoA1 is the major structural protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), accounting for ~70% of HDL protein, and mediates many of the antiatherogenic functions of HDL. Conversely, ApoB is the predominant low-density lipoprotein (LDL) Apo and is an indicator of circulating LDL, associated with higher coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Thus, the ratio of ApoB to ApoA1 (ApoB/ApoA1) is used as a surrogate marker of the risk of CHD related to lipoproteins. Elevated or abnormal levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins in the blood are a significant CHD risk factor, and several studies support the idea that aerobic exercise decreases CHD risk by partially lowering serum TG and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and increasing HDL-C levels. Exercise also exerts an effect on HDL-C maturation and composition and on reverse C transport from peripheral cells to the liver to favor its catabolism and excretion. This process prevents atherosclerosis, and several studies showed that exercise training increases heart lipid metabolism and protects against cardiovascular disease. In these and other ways, it more and more appears that regular exercise, nutrition, and strategies to modulate lipid profile should be viewed as an integrated whole. The purpose of this review is to assess the effects of endurance training on the nontraditional lipid biomarkers, including ApoB, ApoA1, and ApoB/ApoA1, in CHD risk
The effects of training on hormonal concentrations and physical performance of football referees
No full textAs no study has explored the impact of physical stress on hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis hormones over a long period, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of the football season period on plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations and referee's physical performances. Physical tests and plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were assayed before the beginning of the training period, just after the training period, at the middle of the season, and at the end of the season, in 29 male football referees and 30 healthy control subjects. Results showed significant differences in hormone concentrations at the four-time points evaluated. Plasma cortisol increased during the first training period from 15.8 ± 3.8 to 21.7 ± 5.1 μg/dl (p < 0.001), then decreased during the season and at the end of it was 18.7 ± 2.4 μg/dl. Before the beginning of the training period, plasma testosterone concentration was 386.1 ± 58.8 ng/dl; after the training period, it increased to 572.2 ± 88.1 ng/dl (p < 0.001) and then returned to baseline levels at the end of the season. Between the start of the training period and the end of the season, significant differences were observed in physical performances of referees. Plasma cortisol and testosterone levels significantly (p < 0.0001 for both) correlated with Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1) and maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) at the end of the training period. In the middle season, plasma testosterone concentration only significantly (p < 0.0001) correlated with YYIRT1 and VO2max. These data underline the importance of set up training protocols that present the prospective to favor positive physiological adaptations
Referees' physical performance over a soccer season
No full textBackground: An important role of soccer referees is to apply the rules of the game by observing the match closely. Thus, referees have to undertake training to keep up with play and attain an optimal position when making critical decisions. We analyzed the variation of the soccer referee physical performance during official championship. Methods: The referees were classified into three groups according to ages (16–20 years; 21–29 years; 30–45 years) and physical fitness variations were studied at the start (T0), at the middle (T1) and at the end of the competitive season (T2). In each period, Yo–Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (YYIRT1) and 40 m sprint test were performed and VO2max assessed. Finally, the referees’s rating (i.e. the mean of numerically quantification of the performances received during the season) was also evaluated. Results: The mean distance covered by the referees during the YYIRT1 test increased significantly from T0 to T1 and T2, and from T1 to T2, in all age groups, with a higher effect observed for group 16–20 years in all testing periods. This group significantly improved YYIR1 performance and VO2max at T1and T2. Referee ages correlated with differences (Δ) in running speed test (40 m sprint test), of YYIRT1 and VO2max. Finally, the referees’ rating, based upon training, experience, performance and fitness assigned by qualified officials, ranged from 8.20 to 8.65. A positive correlation was found between the excellent rating and younger age (p = 0.015 by Chi-square test χ = 8.6). Conclusions: The young referees performed better physical performances than adult referees and obtained better assessments by qualified officials
A reappraisal of the Bose-Einstein model of the CSVI task: New experimental data, replications, and implications
No full textIn a seminal, often-cited and often-misunderstood article, Pascual-Leone (1970) proposed his view of a domain-general, capacity-limited attentional resource (M capacity) as a main factor of cognitive development and intelligence, and presented the Compound Stimuli Visual Information (CSVI) task, along with its Bose-Einstein (B-E) performance model, as a method to assess M capacity. Some aspects of the CSVI and its B-E model were questioned: long stimulus exposure could produce capacity over-estimates (Cowan, 2001); the assumptions on how many times a participant attends to a stimulus could be unwarranted; it would be desirable to assess the fit of B-E distributions with current methods, more refined than those used in the Seventies. This study re-examines the validity of the B-E model of the CSVI task, and its assumptions
A novel monoclonal antibody to a plasmamembrane-located breast cancer antigen Interferes with the proliferation rate of cancerous cells in vitro
No full textThe Compound Stimuli Visual Information (CSVI) task revisited: presentation time, probability distributions, and attentional capacity limits
No full textThis study examined the validity of the Bose-Einstein (B-E) model of the Compound Stimuli Visual Information (CSVI) task, and its assumptions. Two experiments compared adults’ performance on the CSVI task in standard (5 sec) presentation condition and with shorter presentation times. Individual participants’ performance was analyzed with the B-E model, with different assumptions on the number of attending acts in each condition. Both experiments found that the capacity limit estimates found in both conditions were highly correlated with each other, and their means did not differ. The goodness of fit of B-E distributions to the data was also tested. It is concluded that the B-E model provides a valid estimate of attentional capacity limits in the CSVI
sj-sps-2-hpq-10.1177_13591053231160922 – Supplemental material for A validation of the body compassion scale in females
No full textsj-sps-2-hpq-10.1177_13591053231160922 for A validation of the body compassion scale in females by Leesa M Van Niekerk, Gemma Muscella and Michael Quinn in Journal of Health Psychology</p
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