421 research outputs found
Hylaeus ulaula Magnacca, 2011, n. sp.
No full textHylaeus ulaula n. sp. Fig. 2 Diagnosis. This species is structurally almost identical to H. crabronoides, but the coloration is strikingly different. Due to the large facial markings, it would key to H. mimicus in Daly & Magnacca (2003). It is readily separated from that species and H. makaha by both the extensive red coloration of the head and mesosoma; and the structure of the head, which is strongly convex in lateral view with a prominent upper frons and clypeus as in H. crabronoides. Description. Ƥ. Head. Front of head strongly convex in lateral view, apical portion of clypeus curving caudad and frons strongly convex between median ocellus and antennal sockets. Clypeus bulging well beyond the margin of the eye in lateral view. Mandible with two teeth. Malar space short, length 0.4 times the diameter of the median ocellus. Upper paraocular area and frons with small round pits less than one pit width apart, smaller and denser medially, contiguous above the supraclypeal area. Apex of clypeus weakly emarginate. Dorsal end of facial fovea not reaching to level of lateral ocellus. Vertex hair very short 2–4, simple. Mesosoma. Fore tarsus with most hairs erect, apically curved. Scutum with inconspicuous punctation consisting of very small, shallow pits 2–3 pit widths apart, ground dull; hair extremely short (about 2, rarely to 6), simple. Scutellum with slightly larger pits, slightly lustrous. Metanotum dull. Mesepisternum with shallow pits 1–2 pit widths apart, ground smoothly coriaceous, lustrous; with long, yellow, plumose hair. Hypoepimeron weakly punctate, slightly swollen. Basal area of propodeum, including brow, smoothly coriaceous and lustrous. Metasoma. Disk of T 2 impunctate, smoothly coriaceous, lustrous, with fine, pale, appressed hairs spaced about one hair length apart or more. T 6 hair long, dark brown, erect. Color. Face with three separate yellow marks: paraocular area with a broad stripe filling in area between clypeus and eye, extending broadly along eye above antennal socket; clypeus with an irregular apical mark, probably highly variable. Clypeus, supraclypeal area, mandibles, entire gena behind eye, and scape orange; frons from antennal sockets and above supraclypeal area to vertex black. Pronotum black, with yellow marks on lobes and interrupted transverse collar stripe; tegula transparent orange-brown, apparently with an indistinct yellow spot. Mesonotum largely orange-red, lateral and posterior margins black. Scutellum predominantly dark brown, irregularly rufous on the disc; axillae, metanotum, and propodeal triangle dark brown. Mesepisternum dark brown anterior of episternal groove, orange-red posterior; metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum also orange-red. Front coxae black, mid and hind coxae and all trochanters orange. All tibiofemoral joints narrowly marked with yellow. Front legs otherwise orange, tinged with brown; mid and hind tibiae and femora brown dorsally, grading to orange ventrally, tarsi brown. Wings slightly smoky. Metasoma prominently banded, T 2–5 yellow-orange anterior and posterior with a broad dark brown medial band; T 1 mostly brown dorsally with a large irregular pale spot on each side, T 6 almost entirely brown. 3. Unknown. Probably with face marks resembling H. crabronoides and body coloration resembling the female. Holotype. O‘ahu: Ƥ (BPBM 17299), Makaha Valley, 2200 ft., 21.502 °N 158.168 °W, at Chamaesyce herbstii, 10.viii. 2010, K. Magnacca, GenBank accession no. JN 679600. Etymology. From the Hawaiian ‘ula‘ula, very red, referring to the coloration. It is a non-latinized genderless adjective. Discussion. A pale female specimen from Maui, identified as H. specularis in Daly & Magnacca (2003: 192), was presumed to have been heavily bleached by storage in alcohol or other materials, but may instead be a relative of H. ulaula.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N., 2011, Two new species of Hylaeus (Nesoprosopis) (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) from O'ahu, Hawai'i, pp. 60-65 in Zootaxa 3065 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27896
Drosophila kikiko Magnacca, new species
No full textDrosophila kikiko Magnacca new species Fig. 1 Diagnosis. This species is virtually identical to D. aglaia from O‘ahu, differing only in lacking a stripe on the upper anepisternum and having slightly more cilia on the front basitarsus of the male (~ 40–45, compared to 30–35 for D. aglaia). The irregular wing pattern somewhat resembles some members of the adiastola species group at first glance, but is quite different when examined closely, with the typical markings of the grimshawi group augmented by an extra spot on M and connecting lines between the spots. Description. Male. Head. Front pale, tinged with brown; ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate very small, about half as long as the proclinate and one-third as long as the posterior reclinate. Face and gena pale yellow except for a small black spot below the eye. Antenna with the second segment brown, third segment white; arista with about 11 dorsal and 4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and numerous rather long median branches. One strong oral vibrissa, other oral setulae small and hairlike. Palp black, fading to pale yellow on the basal 1 / 4, paddle-shaped, broad and flattened, broadest near middle, rounded apically, lacking strong setae. Labellum and mentum dark brown to black. Thorax. Mesonotum largely yellow with three strongly contrasting black stripes, all tapering posteriorly; median stripe reaching the scutellum, lateral stripes ending near the posterior dorsocentral setae. Scutellum black medially for about 1 / 3 of its length, otherwise smoky. Pleura largely yellow, with three prominent dark marks—a small spot at the base of the wing; a square mark on the anterior margin of the anepimeron; and posterodorsally on the katepisternum, in the area bounded by the katepisternal setae. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 2 / 3 as long as the posterior. Legs. All yellow except the mid and hind coxae marked with black and hind femur and tibia tinged with brown apically. Front tibia with regular anterodorsal and posterodorsal rows of 13–14 very long cilia along its entire length, longest at the base; about 18 shorter cilia between them dorsally in 1–2 irregular rows. Front tarsus densely covered with numerous irregularly placed dorsal cilia, about as long as those on the lower tibia but distinctly stronger, becoming shorter apically (largely absent from fifth segment); basitarsus with about 40–45 cilia. Wings. Extensively marked, rather irregular (see Fig. 1). Apical segment of M over twice as long as the penultimate segment (dm-cu crossvein nearly vertical), r-m crossvein located beyond the middle of cell dm (measured from the subbasal break), well beyond the end of R 1. Costal fringe extending about 3 / 4 the distance between apex of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Abdomen. All segments with broad yellow areas dorsolaterally, dark brown medially, broadly laterally, and narrowly along the posterior margin. Cerci about as long as high or slightly longer, smoky yellow-brown. Genitalia not dissected. Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions. Head. Front noticeably brown. Third antennal segment tinged with brown. Palp with a moderately strong apical seta. Legs. Front legs without elongate cilia or setae. Abdomen. Ovipositor long, straight, yellow, pointed posteriorly at rest. Types. Kaua‘i: Holotype 3, Kōke‘e State Park, Nu‘alolo Trail, 3800 ft., 22.132 °N 159.660 °W, on bait sponge, 23.i. 2010, K. Magnacca (UHIM). Allotype Ƥ, Ku‘ia Natural Area Reserve, Mahanaloa–Ku‘ia Valley junction, 1900 ft., 22.137 °N 159.701 °W, on bait sponge, 23.vi. 2009, K. Magnacca (UHIM); paratypes: 1 Ƥ, same locality as holotype, 25.vii. 2010, D. Kapan (BPBM). 1 Ƥ, Kōke‘e, 3600 ft., 22.vi. 1964, H.L. Carson, C 99.25 (UHIM). Distribution and ecology. Kaua‘i, in diverse mesic forest. Breeding hosts unknown (see Discussion below). Etymology. From the Hawaiian kikiko, spotted or mottled, referring to the wing pattern. Discussion. Like its O‘ahu relative, this species is extremely rare. Two captive females were offered vials with extracts from bark of Charpentiera, Cheirodendron, Clermontia, Pisonia, Tetraplasandra, Touchardia, Urera, and Wikstroemia over the course of three weeks, but did not lay any eggs. The most likely host is Pleomele aurea, because it is the only known potential host plant observed at both of the collection sites; unfortunately, none of this was available as an oviposition stimulus. Notably, Kaua‘i is the only island not yet known to have an oligophagous picture wing species on either Pleomele or Tetraplasandra (Magnacca, et al., 2008; the generalist species D. crucigera and D. villosipedis utilize both), despite both being much more abundant there than on other islands. The closely-related D. aglaia is a federally listed endangered species (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 2006).The host recorded in the literature is Urera glabra (Magnacca, et al., 2008; Montgomery, 1975), but this was based on misidentification of D. kinoole (described below). Since D. aglaia has not been seen since 1997 and its host plant is now unknown, a thorough search for the host of D. kikiko may be informative for management of D. aglaia.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21522
Drosophila pilipa Magnacca, new species
No full textDrosophila pilipa Magnacca, new species Fig. 9 Diagnosis. This unique species cannot be mistaken for any other. Although the wing pattern and body markings superficially resemble D. hemipeza and D. substenoptera of O‘ahu, the elongate, pointed wings of the male (lacking an extra crossvein) and frontal setae (modified in both sexes, but elongate and conspicuous in the male) distinguish it immediately. Description. Male. Head. Front yellow, with a narrow brown stripe extending through the ocellar triangle to the frontal suture. Orbits lacking the usual proclinate and reclinate setae, instead with about 18–20 long, erect setae on each side in 3 irregular rows; these are about as long as the ocellar setae (slightly shorter posteriorly) and straight for most of their length, the apical 1 / 5 abruptly bent back. Orbits nearly reaching the frontal suture but only slightly broadened; median frontal area almost bare, with only a few small proclinate setulae near the frontal suture. Face yellow, gena broadly brown immediately below the eye. Antenna with the second segment brown, third segment yellow; arista with about 8 dorsal and 4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and 6 rather long median branches. One moderately strong oral vibrissa present, other oral setulae weaker, about half as long. Clypeus expanded, about as long dorsoventrally as the width of the palps; brown laterally, pale anteriorly. Palp brown, broad, and short, not extending beyond the clypeus, broadest just before middle; one subapical seta slightly longer than the others. Labellum tinged with brown. Thorax. Predominantly yellow. Mesonotum on each side with a narrow stripe just inside of the dorsocentral setae, and a broader stripe just outside of the setae, extending the full length. Anepisternum with a dark brown stripe along the dorsal margin; anepimeron with a large brown spot posteroventrally; katepisternum tinged with brown above the posterior seta. Metanotum with two broad brown stripes, in line with the mesonotal stripes. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 2 / 3 as long as the posterior. Legs. All yellow except the apex of the hind tibia and fifth tarsal segments tinged with brown. Front legs lacking elongate cilia or other modifications. Wings. Long and narrow, about 3.5 times as long as wide. Brown markings present at the apex of R 1, extending posterior to M; around the r-m and dm-cu crossveins; in an elongate mark on the mid anterior margin, occupying about 1 / 3 the wing length; and broadly at the apices of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Otherwise more or less evenly fumose, the background color distinctly yellow in cell C and in cell R 3 between the basal spot and the r-m crossvein. The r-m crossvein is well beyond the end of vein R 1; penultimate and antepenultimate segments of M equal, about half as long as the last segment. Posterior wing margin between M and CuA 1 straight or slightly concave. Dm-cu crossvein nearly perpendicular to long axis of wing. Costal fringe extending about half the distance between apex of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Abdomen. Predominantly yellow, with a brown stripe extending along the lateral margins of all tergites and a medial brown stripe. Cerci semicircular, higher than long. Genitalia not dissected. Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions. Head. Erect setae of orbits short and straight, only slightly longer than the prostrate setulae of the median frons. Proclinate and posterior reclinate setae present but both directed laterally; normally sized, the latter about twice as long as the former. Wings. Not as long and narrow, about three times as long as wide. Posterior wing margin between M and CuA 1 convex. Segments of M in approximately the same proportions as in the male, but dm-cu crossvein distinctly angled basad anteriorly, and the mark over it obliquely angled relative to the vein. Abdomen. Ovipositor long and narrow, held vertically at rest. Eggs with four very short filaments, less than 1 / 3 as long as the egg. Types. Kaua‘i: Holotype 3, F 1 offspring of allotype Ƥ coll. 24.vii. 2010, 22.111 °N 159.596 °W, emerged 8.ix. 2010 (UHIM). Allotype Ƥ, Alaka‘i Wilderness Preserve, Mōhihi Trail, 3800 ft., 22.111 °N 159.596 °W, on bait sponge, 24.vii. 2010, K. Magnacca (UHIM); paratypes: 13 2 Ƥ, same data as holotype, emerged 18–23.ix. 2010 (UHIM). 2 Ƥ (BPBM), 1 Ƥ (UHIM), same data as allotype. Other material. Kaua‘i: 13, Ku‘ia Natural Area Reserve, Mahanaloa Valley exclosure, 2200 ft., 22.135 °N 159.700 °W, on bait sponge, 23.vi. 2009, K. Magnacca. Distribution and ecology. Kaua‘i, mesic forest. Probably breeds in Charpentiera elliptica (pāpala, Amaranthaceae). There are no records of rearing from field-collected material, but two wild-caught females presented with a variety of host extracts (Charpentiera, Cheirodendron, Clermontia, Pisonia, Pleomele, and Wikstroemia) laid eggs only on Charpentiera. This was also the only potential host shared between the two collection sites, though it was extremely rare at both. Etymology. From the Hawaiian pilip ā, hedge or fence, referring to the dense frontal setae. Discussion. This striking species appears to be a morphological link between the basal planitibia group species, D. hemipeza and D. substenoptera, and other species that lack an extra crossvein in the wing. It closely resembles both of those species in the coloration pattern of the wing, thorax, and abdomen. However, phylogenetically it groups with D. picticornis and D. setosifrons as sister to the nudidrosophila group based on nuclear gene sequences (Magnacca and Price, in prep.). The frontal setae of D. pilipa are somewhat reminiscent of D. setosifrons, albeit much longer. That these three species form a monophyletic group but are genetically and morphologically distant, and have very different hosts (sap fluxes, araliad bark, and Charpentiera bark), suggests they may represent relictual members of a formerly larger lineage that has been displaced by the grimshawi group. Eggs laid in laboratory vials were deposited on the surface of paper tissues soaked with extract, rather than inserted into the tissue as with most other species. Few eggs were laid, about 2–7 per week for the two females, suggesting a low reproductive rate. The filaments are much shorter than any of the species examined by Kambysellis and Heed (1971), which included D. picticornis. Only a few eggs were observed; oviposition vials were changed every week and usually well-developed larvae were already present, indicating a very short period as an egg. The larvae developed on standard Wheeler-Clayton medium with no apparent mortality, but adult survivorship was low, apparently due to refusal to feed on the medium. Consequently the lab-reared adults did not survive to sexual maturity. Development was faster than in other species—total time from egg to adult was 33–35 days, with approximately 15 of those spent as a pupa.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on pages 25-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21522
Drosophila pihulu Magnacca, new species
No full textDrosophila pihulu Magnacca, new species Fig. 8 Diagnosis. This species is nearly identical to D. assita of Hawai‘i and D. montgomeryi of O‘ahu. It is readily separated from the sympatric D. vesciseta by the leg ciliation and yellow palpi, and from both it and the remaining members of the vesciseta subgroup except D. montgomeryi of O‘ahu by possessing a distinct dark brown stripe along the upper edge of the anepisternum. In D. pihulu the posterodorsal cilia of the male front tibia extend the full length of the segment, while in D. montgomeryi they cover only the basal 2 / 3. Description. Male. Head. Front yellow; ocellar triangle and orbits brown. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate nearly as long as the proclinate and about 2 / 5 as long as the posterior reclinate. Face and gena white to pale yellow except for a small brown spot below the eye. Antenna entirely pale yellow; arista with about 6–8 dorsal and 2–3 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and numerous long median branches. Two strong oral vibrissae, the upper one stronger; other oral setulae small and hairlike. Palp yellow, broad and flattened, broadest near middle, rounded apically, with a prominent black apical seta, about half as long as the palp. Labellum and mentum yellow. Thorax. Mesonotum and scutellum entirely yellow to rufous, without dark markings. Pleura largely yellow to rufous, with three prominent dark marks—a narrow stripe along the dorsal margin of the anepisternum; a square mark on the anterior margin of the anepimeron; and posterodorsally on the katepisternum, within the area bounded by the katepisternal seta. Anepisternum and lateral metanotum (above spiracle and haltere) usually tinged with brown to a greater or lesser degree, sometimes almost entirely brown. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 3 / 4 as long as the posterior. Legs. Entirely yellow. Front tibia with a basal cluster of about 6–7 very long and 7–8 shorter curved cilia, and rows of about 10–12 anterodorsal and 12–15 posterodorsal cilia along its entire length, about equal in length; dorsal surface with about 20 shorter cilia in an irregular row. Front basitarsus about 3 / 5 as long as tibia, with about 6 long anterodorsal and 8 shorter posterodorsal cilia. Distitarsus usually lacking elongate cilia, sometimes with one pair on the second segment. Wings. Marks present at base, over ends of major veins, dm-cu crossvein, and medially on R 2 + 3; the last elongate, twice as long as high. Basal mark moderately sized, but not reaching r-m crossvein. Costal fringe extending about 3 / 5 the distance between apex of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Abdomen. Each segment with yellow spots anterolaterally, remainder dark brown. Cerci slightly longer than high. Genitalia not dissected. Female. Unknown. Types. Maui: Holotype 3, Hana‘ula, Pohakea, 3400 ft., 13.iv. 1971, S.L. Montgomery (UHIM); paratypes: Moloka‘i: 73, East ‘Ōhi‘a Gulch, 2000 ft., 24.i. 1973, R 84, S.L. Montgomery (UHIM). Distribution and ecology. Maui and Moloka‘i. Reared from rotting bark of Urera glabra (‘ ōpuhe, Urticaceae). Etymology. From the Hawaiian pihulu, hairy or fuzzy, referring to the abundant ciliation of the legs. Discussion. The type locality cannot be found precisely, and it is uncertain if the species still occurs there. Much of the mesic habitat around Hana‘ula appears to have been lost since collections were made in the 1970 ’s, but Urera may persist in wetter parts of gulches where native vegetation is still intact. All other members of the vesciseta subgroup (with the exception of D. ambochila) are now extremely rare.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on pages 24-25, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21522
Drosophila opuhe Magnacca, new species
No full textDrosophila opuhe Magnacca, new species Fig. 6 Diagnosis. This species is nearly identical to D. pisonia of Hawai‘i, differing only in the brown coloration of the anepisternum in both sexes (yellow in D. pisonia) and the unusual elongate dark cerci of the male. The latter is somewhat developed in D. montgomeryi, but to a lesser degree (compare Fig. 6 C–E); D. montgomeryi also has only a dorsal stripe on the anepisternum and two faint stripes on the mesonotum, and the posterodorsal cilia of the male front tibia only cover the basal 2 / 3. In D. opuhe the mesonotum lacks stripes and the posterodorsal cilia extend nearly to the apex of the tibia. Description. Male. Head. Upper front, ocellar triangle, and orbits brown; lower front paler, yellowish. Frontoorbital setae normal, anterior reclinate about 2 / 3 as long as the proclinate and 1 / 3 as long as the posterior reclinate. Face white, gena yellow except for a small brown spot below the eye. Second antennal segment brown, third segment rufous; arista with about 9 dorsal and 4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and numerous long median branches. One strong oral vibrissae; following oral setulae progressively smaller. Palp yellow, broad and flattened, broadest near middle, rounded apically, with a prominent black apical seta, about half as long as the palp. Labellum and mentum yellow. Thorax. Mesonotum and scutellum entirely yellow to rufous, without dark markings. Pleura broadly brown across the upper half, anepisternum almost entirely brown. Katepisternum and lower third of anepimeron yellow. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 3 / 4 as long as the posterior. Legs. Entirely yellow except all coxae tinged with brown. Front tibia with 2 very long curved basal cilia, and rows of about 7–9 anterodorsal and 8–10 posterodorsal cilia along its entire length, about equal in length (the two apical posterodorsals short, similar to the dorsal cilia); dorsal surface with a row of about 10 shorter cilia. Front basitarsus about 3 / 5 as long as tibia, with about 4–5 long anterodorsal and 6 shorter posterodorsal cilia. Distitarsus without elongate cilia. Wings. Marks present at base, over ends of major veins, dm-cu crossvein, and medially on R 2 + 3; the last elongate, twice as long as high. Basal mark moderately large, reaching r-m crossvein. Costal fringe extending about 2 / 3 the distance between apex of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Abdomen. Each segment with yellow spots anterolaterally, remainder dark brown. Cerci dark brown, about 1.5 times as long as high. Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions. Head. Palp lacking a distinct apical seta. Legs. Front legs without elongate cilia or setae. Abdomen. Ovipositor long, nearly straight, brown, pointed vertically at rest. Types. Kaua‘i: Holotype 3 and allotype Ƥ, ‘Awa‘awapuhi nr. road, 3600 ft., 2004, Urera stem reared, Z 89, 22.144 °N 159.648 °W, S.L. Montgomery (UHIM). Distribution and ecology. Kaua‘i. Reared from rotting bark of Urera glabra (‘ ōpuhe, Urticaceae). Etymology. From the Hawaiian name of its host plant. Discussion. The elevation given on the label is incorrect; it was actually obtained from near ‘Awa‘awapuhi stream at almost 4000 ft. (P. O’Grady, pers. comm.; this is consistent with “nr. road,” as 3600 ft. is about a mile downslope). Urera is uncommon in the Kōke‘e area, and it is remarkable that this species persists there. Some lowland gulches of the Wailua River drainage have significant stands of Urera, but have not been extensively surveyed for Drosophila.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21522
Drosophila nukea Magnacca, new species
No full textDrosophila nukea Magnacca, new species Fig. 5 Diagnosis. Among the hawaiiensis subgroup, this species is most similar to D. gradata of O‘ahu and D. hawaiiensis of Hawai‘i due to lacking cilia on the tibia. It is readily distinguished from both of those by the completely dark mesonotum and scutellum; at least the scutellum, and usually the posterior mesonotum, is pale brown in the other two species. Description. Male. Head. Front brown, yellowish near the frontal suture; ocellar triangle and orbits dark brown pollinose. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate about half as long as the proclinate and posterior reclinate. Face bright white, gena pale yellow except for a small dark brown spot below the eye. Antenna dark brown; arista with about 5–6 dorsal rays in addition to the apical fork (ventral rays mostly broken in holotype), and a few long median branches. Two strong oral vibrissae, other oral setulae smaller and hairlike. Palp brown, narrow and elongate, broadest near middle, rounded apically, with a single thin apical seta, slightly shorter than palp. Labellum and mentum brown. Thorax. Mesonotum and scutellum entirely brown, with conspicuous gray pollinose medially and along the dorsocentral row. Humeri yellow medially in a stripe between the humeral setae, brown above and below. Pleura entirely brown. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 4 / 5 as long as the posterior. Legs. Predominantly yellow, tinged with brown on all coxae and apices of all femora. Front tibia lacking cilia, front basitarsus densely covered with about 20 long dorsal cilia in irregular rows, longest at the base, becoming slightly shorter apically; second segment with about five cilia, remaining segments bare. Wings. Subbasal spot relatively large, extending into cell R 5, but not reaching r-m crossvein. A continuous band present across middle of wing, nearly parallel-sided, slightly broadened at anterior margin. Marks at apices of R 2 + 3, R 4 + 5, and M confluent. Costal fringe extending about 2 / 3 the distance between apex of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Abdomen. Each segment with a pair of large yellow spots anterodorsally, remainder dark brown. Cerci slightly higher than long, yellow-brown. The genitalia have been dissected and appear to resemble D. gradata in having a depression beyond the preapical protuberance of the aedeagus and a distinct bend in the paramere near the apex, but they have dried in the vial and may be distorted. Female. Unknown. Types. Moloka‘i: Holotype 3, So. Hanalilolilo, 3.iii. 1966, J. P. Murphy (genitalia in a glass vial mounted on same pin) (UHIM) Distribution and ecology. Moloka‘i, in wet forests (but see Discussion). Host unknown; appears to be most closely related to species breeding in sap fluxes of Acacia koa (koa, Fabaceae), but this tree does not appear to live in the area where it was collected. Etymology. From the Hawaiian n ū kea, white-beaked or white-mouthed, a reference to the white face which contrasts against the dark coloration of the rest of the body. Discussion. Given the relative abundance of D. gradata and D. hawaiiensis on O‘ahu and Hawai‘i respectively, and the number of other species in this subgroup found on Maui, it is surprising that more specimens do not exist. However, koa is absent from the forest in the area where it was collected. The specimen may therefore be a vagrant from the drier, lower-elevation areas where koa occurs. Another species in this complex, D. musaphilia of Kaua‘i, is also rare despite an abundance of koa.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21522
Drosophila moli Magnacca, new species
No full textDrosophila moli Magnacca, new species Fig. 4 Diagnosis. The wing and body coloration patterns resemble others in this species complex, including D. lanaiensis, with which it was formerly grouped, and females of D. conspicua. Males can be immediately distinguished by the elongate, narrow wings, and both sexes have the mark over the dm-cu crossvein distinctly L-shaped. Description. Male. Head. Front pale, faintly tinged with brown; ocellar triangle black. Fronto-orbital setae normal, anterior reclinate very small, about half as long as the proclinate and one-third as long as the posterior reclinate. Face and gena pale yellow except for a small black spot below the eye. Antenna with the second segment brown laterally, otherwise yellow; arista with about 9–10 dorsal and 4 ventral rays in addition to the apical fork, and several rather long median branches. One strong oral vibrissa, followed posteriorly by three progressively smaller setae, with numerous small setulae in between them. Palp largely yellow, slightly darker at the tip, nearly cylindrical; with a long, thin, yellow apical seta. Thorax. Mesonotum largely yellow with three strongly contrasting dark brown to black stripes; lateral stripes dark, extending from the anterior margin of the humeri nearly to the scutellum; median stripe fainter, broadening between the dorsocentral setae to fill the space between them, and extending onto the scutellum. Pleura almost entirely yellow except for a large dark mark on the posterior half of the anepisternum. Two pairs of strong dorsocentral setae, the anterior about 2 / 3 as long as the posterior. Legs. Entirely yellow. Front tibia with regular anterodorsal and posterodorsal rows of 10–12 long cilia along its entire length, slightly longer at the base, with a few scattered dorsal cilia in between. Front tarsus with about 20 dorsal cilia arranged in three irregular rows, similar to those of the tibia. Second and third tarsal segments also with sparse cilia. Wings. Extremely long and narrow, about four times as long as wide; apically pointed and slightly bent posteriorly, posterior margin between M and CuA 1 weakly concave. Subbasal wing spot small, scarcely reaching into cell R 2. Anterior mark elongate, extending along about 1 / 3 the length of the wing; connected to the large L-shaped mark on the dm-cu crossvein via a small circular mark over R 2 + 3 (the latter rarely reduced or absent). Apical marks confluent or nearly so. Costal fringe extending about 1 / 2 the distance between apex of R 2 + 3 and R 4 + 5. Abdomen. Coloration variable, from each segment predominantly yellow with only a narrow posterior band dark brown, to predominantly brown with yellow anterolateral areas. Cerci yellow-brown. Genitalia not dissected. Female. Identical to the male with the following exceptions. Head. Third antennal segment tinged with brown. Apical seta of palp shorter, stronger, black. Thorax. Median stripe of mesonotum broader on the anterior half and dark, similar to the lateral stripes. Legs. Front legs without elongate cilia or setae. Wings. Not as long and narrow, about three times as long as wide; shape normal, posterior margin convex, apex only very weakly pointed. Abdomen. Ovipositor long, straight, yellow, pointed vertically at rest. Types. O‘ahu: Holotype 3 and allotype Ƥ, above Nu‘uanu Pali lookout, 1400 ft., 21.365 °N 157.761 °W, on bait sponge, 2.viii. 2009, K. Magnacca (UHIM); paratype, 3, same data (BPBM). Distribution and ecology. O‘ahu. Probably breeds in Charpentiera; females observed ovipositing in rotting trunk (not reared). Etymology. From the Hawaiian m ō l ī, albatross, referring to the similarly long, narrow, pointed wings. Discussion. Hardy (1965) considered this population from O‘ahu to be conspecific with D. lanaiensis, described from only females. However, it is now clear that the D. lanaiensis types are identical to recent specimens from Lāna‘i and those from Maui (previously known as D. virgulata), and different from the O‘ahu specimens (see Discussion under D. lanaiensis above). The drawing of the male wing in Hardy (1965) appears to be of an unusual specimen; all those I have seen possess a small but distinct spot in the middle of vein R 4 + 5, as in D. lanaiensis and D. digressa, although it is missing on one wing of the D. moli allotype. This variation is occasionally seen in individuals of the other two species as well. None of the specimens examined by Hardy, or any other earlier ones, could be located in the BPBM or UHIM collections. Although it has not been reared from Charpentiera, it was observed ovipositing in a rotting tree, and D. digressa and D. lanaiensis have both been reared from it. This species is probably highly vulnerable due to habitat loss; although Charpentiera is still relatively common on O‘ahu, the restricted range suggests that D. moli requires large trees to breed in, and these are increasingly scarce. In recent years it has only been taken at the type locality. It has been reported from Hālawa Valley (S.L. Montgomery, pers. comm.), but the specimens could not be located. Other potential sites may exist in the middle and northern Ko‘olau range, but are difficult to access.Published as part of Magnacca, Karl N. & Price, Donald K., 2012, New species of Hawaiian picture wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with a key to species, pp. 1-30 in Zootaxa 3188 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21522
Drosophila moli Magnacca 2012
No full text<i>Drosophila moli</i> Magnacca, in Magnacca and Price, 2012 <p>Distribution: Endemic: Oahu</p>Published as part of <i>Rampasso, Augusto Santos & O'Grady, Patrick Michael, 2022, Distribution and Taxonomy of Endemic and Introduced Drosophilidae in Hawaii, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 5106 (1)</i> on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5106.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6336841">http://zenodo.org/record/6336841</a>
Drosophila kikalaeleele Lapoint, Magnacca & O'Grady, new species
No full textDrosophila kikalaeleele, Lapoint, Magnacca & O’Grady new species Diagnosis: This species is very similar to D. sordidapex in overall morphology, notably the discrete marking at the apical portion of the wing, and is inferred to be the sister species. Drosophila kikalaeleele is differentiated by the last two tergites being completely yellow on an otherwise completely brown to black abdomen, and by having the anal plate black. Male Description. Body length: 2.5 to 3 mm. Wing length: 3 mm. Head. Lower portion of frons yellow. Ocellar triangle black. Vertex ranges from brown to black. Face ranges from light to dark brown. Gena yellow. Ocellar and vertical setae ~ as long as antennal arista. Anterior reclinate slightly shorter than proclinate. Clypeus, labella and palpi yellow. Several weak black setae on apical portion of palpi. Labellum fringed with weak yellow setae. Mouthparts not ornate. First and second antennal segments yellow. Third antennal segment completely dark brown to black. 6 dorsal rays, 2 ventral rays and apical fork on arista. Thorax. Thorax dorsally light brown with four rufous stripes running anterior to posterior. Scutellum entirely yellow. The anepisternum dark brown, otherwise lateral portion of thorax yellow tinged with light brown. Posterior dorsocentral setae 1 / 3 longer than anterior dorsocentral setae. Apical scutellar setae ~ 2 / 3 as long as the basal scutellar setae. Haltere completely yellow. Legs. Basitarsi lack setae apically; second tarsal segment concave and 1 / 3 longer than third tarsal segment. Fore and mid legs entirely yellow except for slight darkening of fifth tarsal segment and middle tibia. Mid leg yellow except for brown tibia. Short setae ½ as long as preapical bristle on tibia. Wings. Discretely edged wing spot darkens apical half of cell R 2 + 3, lower apical margin of cell R 1 and upper apical margin of cell R 4 + 5. Remainder of wing hyaline. Costal fringe extends halfway between apical margin of cell R 2 + 3 (see Fig. 3 b). Abdomen. Dorsal tergites dark brown to black with yellow on posterior margins of each tergite, except for yellow to light brown fifth and sixth tergites. Sternites yellow. Anal plate dark black. Genitalia identical to D. sordidapex. Type Material. Holotype ɗ (BPBM 16909), South Kona Forest Reserve, x. 2006, RTL, KNM, GMB. Material Examined. HAWAI‘I: 2 ɗ have been deposited into the BPBM: ɗ, Ōla‘a Trail 18, vi. 2006, KNM; ɗ South Kona Forest Reserve, x. 2006, RTL, KNM, GMB. 30 ɗ have been deposited in the UHIM from the following localities: 19 ɗ, Hualālai, vii. 1970, WBH, MD, TL; 3 ɗ, Hualālai, 3400 ’, xii. 1969, KYK; ɗ, Kīpuka No 9, Saddle Rd, vi. 1969, WBH; 4 ɗ, Kīpuka No 14, 5100 ’, Saddle Road, vii. 1969, WBH; ɗ, Pu‘u Huluhulu, vii. 1969, RHR; ɗ, Greenwell Ranch, Pauahi, vi. 1974; ɗ, Upper Ōla‘a Forest Reserve, x. 1988, KYK. Distribution and Ecology. Reared from Ilex leaves by W. B. Heed. Collected at Hualālai, Pu‘u Huluhulu, the Saddle Road Kīpukas and the Ōla‘a Forest. Etymology: A combination of the Hawaiian words ‘ele‘ele = black and kikala = buttock, posterior. Relationships. Based on overall morphology, especially wing patterning, this species is close to D. sordidapex.Published as part of Lapoint, Richard T., Magnacca, Karl N. & O'Grady, Patrick M., 2009, Review of the spoon tarsus subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae: Diptera), with a description of one new species, pp. 53-68 in Zootaxa 2003 on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18561
Management accounting practices and value creation in the PARSIFAL project. A pragmatic constructivist approach to new product development in the air transportation industry
No full textIt is from the virtuous and dynamic combination of value creation and competitive advantage that business organisations can aspire to thrive in the long-term. As a particular manifestation of the wider innovation event, new product development is a pivotal source of competitive advantage and value creation. The process through which an idea is transformed into a product ready to be delivered on to the market is therefore one possible course to sustained profitability. Such a process can find its humus in several contexts. The European Union is the fertile ground on which the new product development phenomenon explored in this thesis originated from. Interventionist in nature, this PhD investigation presents a case of management accounting practice and management accounting research in the fuzzy front-end phase of new product development. It was born in the frame of the PARSIFAL project, an engineer-led research project funded by the European Union under the programme Horizon 2020 whose aim was to pave the way for the improvement of the civil air transportation of the future by designing an innovative box-wing aircraft called "PrandtlPlane" and evaluating the possibility and the impacts of its introduction into service. The study develops on two complementary levels and, accordingly, the output of this thesis is twofold. On the one hand, this study presents a work of applied research in the air transportation industry. It analyses the value creation potential of the PrandtlPlane concept displaying the construction, development and application of management accounting practices in an extremely uncertain environment of very early phases of new product development. By means of a value creation assessment methodology developed in this thesis and effective in such an environment, the PrandtlPlane is examined and assessed from the standpoint of manufacturers, airports and airlines. Findings show the higher value creation potential of the PrandtlPlane concept relative to its competitor aircraft, recognising therefore the PrandtlPlane as a new potential source of value creation for the key industrial players operating in the air transportation industry. On the other hand, using the three-year intervention in the PARSIFAL project as case study, this manuscript presents a post-intervention analysis and theorisation of the management accounting phenomenon in the setting of an "academic-based new product development research project". Using the theoretical lens of pragmatic constructivism and drawing on the philosophy of language games, this post-intervention effort examines the interventionist process the researcher went through in the field of the PARSIFAL project with the aim of exploring, understanding and theorising about management accounting in the organisational framework of an academic-based new product development research project. Findings offer insights into the two symbiotic aspects constituting the management accounting phenomenon and, in general, all business organisations. On the technical side, findings offer insights into management accounting practice design and construction. On the social side, findings offer insights into the social processes underlying and enabling that construction in the multidisciplinary context of practice of an academic-based NPD research project
- …
