317 research outputs found
Data on the effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination in fluorescence and absorbance wastewater measurements
No full textData presented in this data article show artifacts (bias and error) that influence fluorescence measurement of dissolved organic matter (DOM) due to samples handling and storage. Data show interferences in fluorescence measurements related to filtration of water by different filter materials, including 0.7 μm glass microfiber filter, 0.45 μm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane, 0.45 μm cellulose nitrate membrane, and 0.45 μm polyethersulfone (PES) syringe filter. Data show also changes of several fluorescence indexes and UV absorbance measurements of wastewater organic matter respect to time under different storage conditions. Particularly, spectroscopic data were acquired using 0.7 μm filtered and unfiltered wastewater samples stored at different temperatures (i.e, room temperature, 4 °C, −20 °C) over a testing period of 21 days. Finally, data show the effect of chlorine disinfection (doses of 0.5–8 mg/L) in fluorescence measurements accomplished in samples from two secondary wastewater effluents. Data of this article are related to the publication “M. Sgroi, E. Gagliano, F.G.A. Vagliasindi, P. Roccaro, Absorbance and EEM fluorescence of wastewater: effects of filters, storage conditions, and chlorination, Chemosphere, 243, 2020, 125292 [1]”. Raw data are available in a public repository (https://doi.org/10.17632/pf86xs7ybk.1)
Strabismo Bilaterale Convergente con Esoftalmo nel bovino - Cosa sappiamo?
No full textThe aim of this paper is to describe the most important aspects of the so called "Bilateral Convergent Strabismus with Exophthalmos (BCSE)", the most common aspect of strabismus in cattle. The disease has been known since the end of the XIX century, but no definitive conclusion has been found in respect to the pathogenesis and the etiology. BCSE may affect all major breeds and is known worldwide. It is characterised by a progressive bilateral symmetric anterior- medial rotation of the bulbi associated with a slight to severe protrusion of the eyeball (exophthalmos). The onset of the defect is around the first year of age. It usually ends up with severe visual deficit that might modify the behavior of the affected animal. Although there is few literature, defects in the lateral rectus muscle and the retractor bulbi muscle of the eye and in their appendant nerves (CN III and CN VI, respectively) were suspected to be the cause of BCSE. The presence of "red ragged fibers" in the lateral and median rectus muscles were also found in affected animals. It is common to note changes of character, probably related to insecurity resulting from visual difficulties: the affected animals become scary, move with difficulty, struggling to enter the milking stations, over-react to the routine operations that are carried out in the barn. As to the authors' knowledge, there are no useful therapies to cure or even improve the disease. The majority of the authors consider the BCSE as an inherited defect. However, the exact mode of inheritance has not been found yet. Recent studies carried out on German Brown cattle affected by BCSE showed a significant SNPs association with the disease within two candidate genes located on BTA5 (PLXNC1) and BTA18 (RDH13). Although the role of these genes could not be definitively confirmed, it is most likely that these candidate genes or nearby located structural mutations may be responsible for BCSE in German Brown cows
Comparison of AOPs at pilot scale: Energy costs for micro-pollutants oxidation, disinfection by-products formation and pathogens inactivation
No full textThis work evaluated different advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) operated at pilot-scale as tertiary treatment of municipal wastewater in terms of energy efficiency, disinfection by-products formation and pathogens inactivation. Investigated AOPs included UV/H2O2, UV/Cl2, O3, O3/UV, H2O2/O3/UV, Cl2/O3/UV. AOPs were operated using various ozone doses (1.5–9 mg L−1), and UV fluences (191–981 mJ cm−2). Electrical energy costs necessary for the oxidation of contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) (i.e., carbamazepine, fluoxetine, gemfibrozil, primidone, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim) were calculated using the electrical energy per order (EEO) parameter. Ozonation resulted by far the most energy efficient process, whereas UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2 showed the highest energy costs. Energy costs for AOPs based on the combination of UV and ozone were in the order O3/UV ≈ Cl2/O3/UV > H2O2/O3/UV, and they were significantly lower than energy costs of UV/H2O2 and UV/Cl2 processes. Cl2/O3/UV increased bromate formation, O3/UV and O3 had same levels of bromate formation, whereas H2O2/O3/UV did not form bromate. In addition, UV photolysis resulted an effective treatment for NDMA mitigation even in combination with ozone and chlorine in AOP technologies. Ozonation (doses of 1.5–6 mg L−1) was the least effective process to inactivate somatic coliphages, total coliform, escherichia coli, and enterococci. UV irradiation was able to completely inactivate somatic coliphages, total coliform, escherichia coli at low fluence (191 mJ cm−2), whereas enterococci were UV resistant. AOPs that utilized UV irradiation were the most effective processes for wastewater disinfection resulting in a complete inactivation of selected indicator organisms by low ozone dose (1.5 mg L−1) and UV fluence (191–465 mJ cm−2)
Mesothelioma in cattle: two case reports
No full textIntroduction: Mesotheliomas are tumours of the mesothelial covering cells of the serous membranes and their supporting connective tissue of mesodermal origin. In domestic animals, little is known about the pathogenesis or the causative factors of malignant mesothelioma. In people, malignant pleural mesothelioma is associated with asbestos exposure. At present, the available data on the prevalence of mesothelioma in cattle are inconsistent. Aim: This manuscript describes two cases of malignant mesothelioma, one in a cow and one in a young calf. Materials and methods: A 4-year-old Friesian cow with diarrheal syndrome, marked abdominal distension and partial anorexia and a 37-day-old male mixed breed calf with a history of progressive swelling of the scrotum and abdominal distension were examined. Result and discussion: Physical examination enabled to include mesothelioma in the differential diagnosis. Ultrasonography and even more histopathology were decisive for the final diagnosis. The animals were euthanized due to poor prognosis. In both animals, necropsy showed abdominal sero-haemorragic effusion and the presence of firm nodules on the peritoneal surfaces, which extended to the thoracic cavity in the cow and to tunica vaginalis in the calf. Based on gross pathology and histopathologic findings, the adult cow was diagnosed with acquired malignant mesothelioma, while the calf was diagnosed with predominantly epithelioid congenital malignant mesothelioma. Conclusion: Interest in mesothelioma has increased since the association between exposure to asbestos fibres and mesotheliomas has been demonstrated in humans. The four-year-old cow object of this report was stabled in a farm with asbestos roofs. The same situation was not observed in the calf. In respect to the latter, the mesothelioma was considered to be congenital in origin. To the best of our knowledge, the calf presented in this report is the first case of bovine congenital mesothelioma involving tunica vaginalis
Sulle tracce di una filosofia “dell’islam”: per una lettura contemporanea
No full textLa distanza originaria tra falsafa e islam e la difficoltà del loro rapporto pongono in questione la filosofia, significata mediante il calco arabo di un nome greco per prestito lessicale assimilato, nell'atto stesso della sua congiunzione per differenza con l’islam, che in lingua araba è un nomen actionis. Tradurre, custodendo le consonanti della lingua originaria come mezzo per trasmettere un’idea, manifesta l’intento di provare quasi a custodirne il significato nel modo più innocente possibile nell’ambizione di essere fedeli e contemporaneamente innovando, poiché fedeltà e innovazione sono concetti correlativi per contemporaneità storica e concettuale.
In questa occorrenza il pensare compie e attualizza l’originaria capacità del logos di raccogliere il già pensato, ma per dirlo di nuovo, ordinatamente, secondo un ordine dettato dal propositum di “filosofare per le religioni”, comune a noi contemporanei secondo un tempo, difficile per ogni commisurazione, che è l’oggi interculturale e interreligioso secondo un’accentuazione sempre più intensa, ma non per questo più profonda, e talvolta drammaticamente confusa fino ad essere disperante e tragica.
Adeguare la ricerca alla responsabilità del limite, indicato originariamente dalla congiunzione della filosofia all'islam, la libera forse dalla tentazione di eccedere l'orizzonte in qualsiasi altra direzione, ma non dall'aporia perché a mancare necessariamente è un qualsiasi solco che la guidi mediante la determinazione del suo oggetto come questione, obiettivo e compimento: forse incombe il pericolo di essere risucchiati nei solchi e nei gorghi del nostro magnifico oggi.
Il nome 'falsafa' è una doppia traccia: traccia di ellenicità nel grecismo delle sue radicali e traccia di islamicità nell’arabismo che detta la sua formazione sulle radicali date. Così sono assunte in congiunzione ideologica l’ellenicità nel e mediante il grecismo e l’islamicità nel e mediante l’arabismo.
Tesa alla libertà di espressione per il pensare, un'iniziale e aperta professione dell'aporia come il luogo proprio del filosofare, manifesta la necessità, implicita nelle tracce, di assumere un atteggiamento di rispetto ‒per distanza e per relazione‒ verso e per una filosofia qual è quella che in questa occorrenza è detta ‒per indecisione o forse per indecidibiltà‒ araba o islamica.
Ma tale filosofia araba o islamica appare data se non talvolta svanita allo sguardo di chi l’insegue o di chi ne ricerca, forse tragicamente, le ragioni dell’essere svanita, nella nostra contemporaneità. Nel nostro oggi, infatti, la filosofia in assoluto secondo le sue molteplici determinazioni storiche appare evanescente, svanita o latitante o quanto meno in crisi nel suo statuto e nel suo soggetto stessi.
Sospeso tra svanire e dileguarsi, il luogo appare impervio e reso intricato da una spola inarrestabile e quasi impazzita, cioè senza ragioni, nello scorrere del tempo che intesse indifferentemente l’ordito secondo la trama, conforme all’identità storicamente data, in una contemporaneità che ha figura ‒ anche in senso minore‒ nell’esercizio di un principio occulto e occultato nella sua stessa origine: qual è l’ordito della tela, quale la sua trama, quale il suo tempo?
Oggetto ricercato ovvero soggetto determinante è posto l’islam, secondo la sua occorrenza nel complemento di specificazione quale differenza specifica aggiunta alla filosofia (una filosofia dell’islam). Ma l'islam al modo di ogni altra religione trascende i limiti della religiosità, intesa come atteggiamento, sentimento religioso, devozione e scrupolosa cura, e pretende, per pretesa di assolutezza e unicità, alla propria immanenza in ogni filosofia possibile che tuttavia, e indifferentemente al modo, la riguarda e le compete
LCA to Estimate the Environmental Impact of Dairy Farms: A Case Study
No full textIntensive farming is responsible for extreme environmental impacts under different aspects, among which global warming represents a major reason of concern. This is a quantitative problem linked to the farm size and a qualitative one, depending on farming methods and land management. The dairy sector is particularly relevant in terms of environmental impact, and new approaches to meeting sustainability goals at a global scale while meeting society’s needs are necessary. The present study was carried out to assess the environmental impact of dairy cattle farms based on a life cycle assessment (LCA) model applied to a case study. These preliminary results show the possibility of identifying the most relevant impacts in terms of supplied products, such as animal feed and plastic packaging, accounting for 19% and 15% of impacts, respectively, and processes, in terms of energy and fuel consumption, accounting for 53% of impacts overall. In particular, the local consumption of fossil fuels for operations within the farm represents the most relevant item of impact, with a small margin for improvement. On the other hand, remarkable opportunities to reduce the impact can be outlined from the perspective of stronger partnerships with suppliers to promote the circularity of packaging and the sourcing of animal feed. Future studies may include the impact of drug administration and the analysis of social aspects of LCA
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