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Parahyadina latistylis Mathis & Zatwarnicki 2019, sp. nov.
No full textParahyadina latistylis, sp. nov. (Figs. 53–58, Map 11) Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Adults. Small shore flies, body length 1.23–1.77 mm. Head (Figs. 53–54): Lateroclinate fronto-orbital seta well developed, basal diameter comparable or only slightly reduced compared to basal diameters of vertical setae. Thorax (Figs. 53–54): Postsutural scutum with distinct, longitudinal vittae in rows between acrostichal setae and dorsocentral setae; 2 pairs of posterior dorsocentral setae, anterior seta shorter than posterior seta. Wing hyaline; costal section II shorter in length than costal section III; costal vein ratio 1.12–1.27; M vein ratio 0.30–0.32. Abdomen: Tergites 3–5 with ventrolateral margin shallowly rounded; male tergite 5 extended posteriorly in same plane as tergite 4. Male terminalia. (Figs. 55–58) Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 55) an oval to almost diamond-shaped, lateral margins somewhat angulate, each surstylus subrectangular, ventral margin emarginated medially, bearing 4 longer setulae on ventral portion and with an apical, prominent setula, in lateral view (Fig. 56) with epandrium very narrow and straight, surstylus expanded, irregularly and broadly lanceolate, apical setulae prominent; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 55) irregularly oblanceolate, pointed tapered to narrowly rounded point dorsally, ventral margin broadly rounded, in lateral view (Fig. 56) irregularly semihemispherical, height almost twice width, dorsal margin rounded, posterior margin tapered to rounded point, generally covered with small setulae; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 58) comparatively small, length about half that of phallapodeme, L-shaped, with extended, basal arm much narrower, digitiform, than length of aedeagal body, main structure, thumb-like apex broadly rounded, in ventral view (Fig. 57) only slightly longer than basal width, truncate basally and apically, lateral margin tapered toward apex; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 58) elongate, moderately narrow, base with short, anteriorly directed projection, just beyond midlength with a robust, large projection, thereafter tapered slightly to narrowly truncate apex, in ventral view (Fig. 57) elongate, narrow with 2 cross bars, one at base, the other sub-basally, thereafter parallel sided, narrow; gonite and hypandrium broadly fused, in lateral view (Fig. 58) robustly L-shaped, gonal portion shorter than hypandrial portion, margins sinuous and tapered to narrowly rounded apex, hypandrial portion, narrow, somewhat elongate, in ventral view (Fig. 57) wider than long, robust with large, tapered posterolateral extension, apex bearing 2 minute, dentate setulae, anterolateral angle also extended as a process that is parallel sided at base then tapered to pointed apex. Type Specimen. The holotype male is labeled “ NEW ZEALAND. N. Isl. TO: Tokaanu (37°58.2’S, 175°46.2’E), 3–5 January 2004 [,] W. N. Mathis / USNM ENT 00026320 [plastic bar code label]/ HOLOTYPE ♂ Parahyadina latistylis Mathis & Zatwarnicki NZAC [red].” The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a plastic block), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the NZAC. Forty paratypes (15♂, 25♀; NZAC, USNM) bear the same label data as the holotype. Type locality. New Zealand. North Island. TO: Tokaanu (37°58.2’S, 175°46.2’E). Other specimens examined. NORTH ISLAND. NORTH ISLAND. BP: Paradise Valley (38°07.9’S, 176°09.9’E), 7 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM). ND: Hailes Road (quarry; 35°31.1’S, 174°25.8’E), 19 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). TO: Ikawhenua Range (E of Te Whaiti; 38°28.3’S, 176°59.4’E; 350 m), 4 Nov 1977, E. I. Schlinger (1♂; NZAC). WI: Mangawhero River (39°34.5’S, 175°15.7’E; 275 m), 9 Nov 1977, E. I. Schlinger (1♂; NZAC). SOUTH ISLAND. CO: Danseys Pass (2.2 km NE; 44°56.9’S, 170°24.2’E; 586 m), 11 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (3♂; USNM). KA: Hapuku Stream (42°13’S, 173°45.3’E; 420 m), 8 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Seddon (Awatere River; 41°39.6’S, 174°04.6’E), 14 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (5♂; USNM). FD: Monowai River (45°46.7’S, 167°35.7’E; 171 m); 17–18 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). MC: Acheron River (43°19.7’S, 171°40.5’E; 772 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Lake Lyndon (43°17.6’S, 171°42.5’E), 15 Feb 1998, V. Hollmann, W. N. Mathis (10♂, 5♀; NZAC, USNM); Lake Pearson (43°05.6’S, 171°46.8’E; 612 m); 3 Feb 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Simois Stream (43°17.8’S, 171°32.9’E; 130 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂; USNM). OL: Kingston (45°19.8’S, 168°42.7’E; 319 m); 26 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Moke Lake (3.5 km S; 45°02.2’S, 168°34.7’E; 616 m); 28 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). SL: Cascade River (46°15.6’S, 167°54.6’E; 73 m); 15 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Orepuki (46°17’S, 167°44.3’E), 8 Feb 1976, L. L. Deitz (1♂; NZAC); Te Waewae Lagoon (46°12.3’S, 167°38.1’E); 19 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM). Distribution (Map 11). Australasian/Oceanian: New Zealand. North Island (BP, TO, WI), South Island (CO, KA, FD, MC, OL, SL). Etymology. The species epithet, latistylis, is of Latin derivation and means broad or wide style, referring to the shape of the surstylar apex. Remarks. External structures of the male terminalia of this species are similar to those of P. debilis, especially the robustly developed, apical extension of the surstylus. The shape of the gonites, however, differ considerably and distinguish this species, especially the anterior extensions that are tapered and flared laterally (Figs. 57–58), not bifurcated and oriented anteriorly, as in P. debilis.Published as part of Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, 2019, Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae), pp. 401-440 in Zootaxa 4623 (3) on pages 434-437, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/325853
Neoephydra inca Mathis & Marinoni, 2016, sp. nov.
No full text17. Neoephydra inca sp. nov. Figs. 79–81, Map 17 Diagnosis. Specimens of N. inca are distinguished from similar congeners of the araucaria group by the following characters: appearance generally dark, particularly the legs; face moderately setose; gena high; and structures of male terminalia with distinctive conformation. Medium-sized to moderately large shore flies, body length 3.30– 4.60 mm; generally dull, grayish brown to gray with some subshiny areas dorsally. Head: Head ratio 0.72–0.74; frontal ratio 0.49–0.53; mesofrons with dark bluish green to greenish metallic luster, generally pilose laterally; ocellar triangle and parafrons nearly concolorous, microtomentose, brownish gray to charcoal gray; parafrons becoming more charcoal colored anteriorly; fronto-orbits with narrow strip through insertions of fronto-orbital setae subshiny, with some faint metallic luster, number of fronto-orbital setae usually 2. Antenna mostly concolorous, blackish brown. Facial ratio 0.97–1.03; mostly moderately setulose particularly along oral margin and toward posteroventral portions of face; dorsum of interfoveal hump with subshiny area more or less concolorous with mesofrons, otherwise face densely microtomentose, grayish brown to gray, paler along oral margin. Eye ratio 0.97–0.98; gena-to-eye ratio 0.51–0.53; gena high, coloration gray to whitish gray but with faint tinges of olivaceous green to brown posteriorly. Thorax: Mostly microtomentose; scutum mostly brown, darker and subshinier posteriorly; anterior margin microtomentose, especially postpronotum, gray to brownish gray; pleural areas paler, more gray colored especially ventrally; anepisternum with central area, dorsal and sometimes posterior margins brownish, otherwise mostly gray; other pleural areas including coxae whitish gray, although lighter, whitish ventrally. Wing length averaging 3.83–3.96 mm; mostly palely infuscate, faintly brown; costal vein ratio 0.26–0.29; M vein ratio 0.76–0.80. Legs dark generally; femora gray, microtomentose, only slightly darker than ventral pleural areas; tibiae and tarsi mostly concolorous, reddish yellow. Abdomen: Generally microtomentose and unicolorous, grayish olivaceous green to gray, becoming paler toward lateral margins, some specimens with faint bluish tinges of metallic luster; ventral surface of tergites frequently whitish gray. Tergite 5 of male somewhat trapezoidal, truncate apically. Male terminalia (Figs. 79–81): margins of epandrium in posterior view parallel, rounded dorsally; surstyli in posterior view roughly forming isosceles triangle with an apical process; surstylus in lateral view basically rectangular with an apical, digitiform, short process and a longer lateral prong, length of lateral prong about equal to width of surstylus at base, lateral prong with sub-basal tuft of setulae, anterior margin between apical process and lateral prong shallowly produced, shallowly triangular. Type material. The holotype male is labeled “ PERU. Cuzco: Quispicamchis [sic, Quispicanchi], Huarcapay, 2900m, 1 Sep 1988, WNMathis/ HOLOTYPE Ƌ Neoephydra inca Mathis USNM [red].” The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a plastic elastomer block), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM. The allotype female and 36 paratypes (36 Ƌ, 3 ♀) bear the same locality label as the holotype. Other paratypes are as follows: ARGENTINA. Jujuy: Abra Laite (85 km S Abra Pampa; 23 ° 12 'S, 65 ° 47 'W), 29 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (13 ♂, 5 ♀; CNC); Barrios (S La Quiaca; 22 ° 15 'S, 65 ° 32 'W; 3500 m), 31 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♀; CNC); Cajas (35 Km E La Quiaca; 22 ° 15 'S, 65 ° 18 'W; 3800 m), 24 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (10 ♂, 19 ♀; CNC, USNM); Cangrejillos (S La Quiaca; 22 ° 25 'S, 65 ° 34 'W; 3500 m), 28–29 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (44 ♂, 77 ♀; CNC, USNM); Cerrillos (22 ° 19 'S, 65 ° 49 'W; 3600 m), 31 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (34 ♂, 40 ♀; CNC, USNM); Cienagas (2 km SW; road to Pirquitas; 22 ° 41 'S, 66 ° 31 'W), 3 Nov 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♀; CNC); Cienaguillas (22 °05'S, 65 ° 53 'W; 3650 m), 28 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (16 ♂, 13 ♀; CNC); La Quiaca (22 °06'S, 65 ° 37 'W; 3500 m), 23 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♂, 2 ♀; CNC); Lecho (32 km E La Quiaca; 22 ° 13 'S, 65 ° 27 'W), 4 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (11 ♂, 19 ♀; CNC, USNM); Río Cincel, S. L. Pozuelos (22 ° 22 'S, 66 °01'W; 3800 m), 3 Nov 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♀; CNC); Río Seco (5 km S Santa Catalina; 22 °06'S, 66 ° 18 'W; 3500 m), 25 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (6 ♂, 5 ♀; CNC); Santa Catalina (22 °05'S, 66 ° 18 'W; 3700 m), 25 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♂, 1 ♀; CNC); Suripugio (22 ° 10 'S, 65 ° 22 'W), Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (4 ♂; CNC); Tilcara (12 km S; 22 ° 35 'S, 65 ° 22 'W; 2000 m), 23 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (8 ♂, 5 ♀; CNC); Yavi (2 km W; 22 °08'S, 65 ° 28 'W; 3400 m), 31 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♂, 2 ♀; CNC); Yavi Chico (22 km E La Quiaca; 22 °06'S, 65 ° 28 'W; 3500 m), 24 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (9 ♂, 19 ♀; CNC). Tucumán: San Miguel de Tucumán (30 km N; 26 ° 50 'S, 65 ° 13 'W; 700 m), 15 Oct 1968, L. E. Peña (1 ♀; CNC). BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Colomi (5 km E; 17 ° 17.9 'S, 65 ° 52.2 'W; 3370 m), 24 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (2 ♂; USNM); Japo (18 km W; 17 ° 35 'S, 66 ° 56.2 'W; 4060 m), 23 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (6 ♂, 1 ♀; USNM); Lequepalca (1 km E; 17 ° 37.7 'S, 66 ° 57 'W; 3970 m), 26 Mar 2001, A. Freidberg, W. N. Mathis (14 ♂, 3 ♀; USNM); Lequepalca (2 km W; 17 ° 37.7 'S, 66 ° 57 'W; 3970 m), 23 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (17 ♂, 5 ♀; USNM); Sacaba (20 km E; 17 ° 25.1 'S, 65 ° 53.9 'W; 3450 m), 24 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (1 ♂, 1 ♀; USNM). La Paz: El Alto (14 km S; 16 ° 40.1 'S, 68 ° 11 'W; 3900 m), 20 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (1 ♂; USNM); El Alto (23 km S; 16 ° 42.7 'S, 68 ° 11.2 'W; 3860 m), 21 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (1 ♀; USNM); Guaqui (Lake Titicaca; 16 ° 35.6 'S, 68 ° 51.2 'W; 3840 m), 28 Mar 2001, A. Freidberg, S. D. Gaimari, W. N. Mathis (17 ♂, 4 ♀; USNM); Guaqui (Lake Titicaca; 16 ° 35.6 'S, 68 ° 53.5 'W), 19 Apr 2001, A. L. Norrbom (2 ♀; USNM); Patacamaya (17 km NE; 17 °09.5'S, 67 ° 56.7 'W; 3800 m), 21 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (3 ♀; USNM); Tiahuanaco Ruins (16 ° 33.7 'S, 68 ° 40.7 'W; 3870 m), 28 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (4 ♂, 5 ♀; USNM). Oruro: Pazña (S of town; 18 ° 36.2 'S, 66 ° 54.7 'W; 3750 m), 22 Mar 2001, W. N. Mathis (17 ♂, 8 ♀; USNM). PERU. Puno: Pusi (15 ° 26 'S, 69 ° 56 'W), 18 Oct 1965, J. C. Hitchcock (2 ♂, 1 ♀; USNM). Type locality. Peru. Cuzco: Quispicanchi, Huarcapay (13 ° 38 'S, 71 ° 40 'W; 2900 m). Distribution (Map 17). Neotropical: Argentina (Jujuy), Bolivia (Cochabama, La Paz, Oruro), and Peru (Cuzco, Puno), between 13 °– 26 °S and 65 °– 71 °W. MAP 17. Distribution map for Neoephydra inca sp. nov. Etymology. The specific epithet, inca, is taken from the general name of the Native Americans who frequent the area where this species is found and is a noun in apposition to the generic name.Published as part of Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane, 2016, Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 4116 (1) on pages 58-60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25732
Notiocoenia acutella Mathis
No full text2. Notiocoenia acutella Mathis Figs. 9–11, Map 2 Notiocoenia acutella Mathis 1980: 14.— Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 249 –250 [world catalog]. Diagnosis. Although very similar to specimens of P. paniculata, specimens of this species may be distinguished by the following character states of the male preabdomen and terminalia: 4 th abdominal sternite subrectangular, posterior margin truncate, setae at posterior margin slightly larger but not clumped; ventral margin of epandrium with conspicuous U-shaped medial emargination in posterior view; aedeagus more slender and with more distinct taper toward apex; gonite with acutely pointed process posteriorly. As in description of N. paniculata except as follows: Moderately small to medium-sized shore flies, body length 2.78–3.93 mm. Head: Gena-to-eye ratio 0.16–0.18; eye height-to-width ratio 0.86–0.89. Thorax: Legs tending to consistently be more yellowish orange, with little or no blackish coloration. Abdomen: Male sternite 4 subrectangular, posterior margin truncate, setae at posterior margin slightly larger but not clumped or clustered. Male terminalia (Figs. 9–11): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 9) as an inverted U, more thinly developed dorsally, in lateral view (Fig. 10) conspicuously thinner dorsally, thereafter ventrally gradually becoming wider, widest at ventral 1 / 3, ventral 1 / 3 tapered to a rather bluntly rounded point; ventral margin, which is probably the fused surstylus, truncate with a conspicuous U-shaped medial emargination (best seen in posterior view); cerci free in cercal cavity, not fused with epandrium, semihemispherical; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 11) elongate, slender, narrowly tubular, very gradually tapered to apical point; gonite well developed, with acutely pointed process posteriorly. Type material. The holotype male is labeled “ CHILE: Osorno Prov. [Termas de] Aguas Calientes (1 km SE) 530 m. elev. 7–8 Feb. 1978 WNMathis/ HOLOTYPE Notiocoenia acutella Mathis [handwritten, red].” The holotype is double mounted (minute nadel), is in good condition, and is deposited in the USNM (76067). The allotype female and 10 paratypes (6 ♂, 4 ♀; DEI) are labeled “Sud. Chile [Aisen] 14. 4. 40. (14 Apr 1940) Puerto Puyuguapi [44 ° 18 'S, 72 ° 32 'W] leg. G. H. Schwabe 201.” Other paratypes are as follows: CHILE: Coquimbo: El Pangue (30 ° 26 'S, 71 °01'W), 1 Nov 1954, P. G. Kuschel (1 ♂; USNM). Malleco: Perquenco (16.1 km N; 38 ° 25 'S, 72 ° 23 'W), 1 Jun 1951, A. E. Michelbacher, E. S. Ross (1 ♂; CAS). Osorno: Anticura (1 km W; 40 ° 39 'S, 72 ° 10 'W; 430 m), 1–3 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (1 ♂; USNM). Type locality. Chile. Osorno: Termas de Aguas Calientes (1 km SE; 40 ° 41 'S, 72 ° 21 'W; 530 m). Distribution (Map 2). Neotropical: Chile (Coquimbo, Malleco, Osorno), between 38 °– 44 °S. MAP 2. Distribution map for Notiocoenia acutella Mathis.Published as part of Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane, 2016, Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 4116 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25732
Neoephydra araucaria Mathis, 2008, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Neoephydra araucaria,</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 11–16)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Specimens of <i>N. araucaria</i> are distinguished from similar congeners by the following characters: generally appearing moderately dark; face moderately setose; gena moderately short; and structures of male terminalia with distinctive conformation.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Medium-sized to moderately large shore flies (Fig. 11), body length 3.04–4.38 mm; generally dull, grayish with some subshiny areas dorsally.</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Fig. 11): Head ratio 0.69–0.72; frontal ratio 0.54–0.55; mesofrons with dark, greenish blue to brassy luster, inconspicuously pilose; ocellar triangle differing little from mesofrons in color or vestiture; fronto-orbital setae 2. Antenna mostly concolorous, dark, blackish brown. Facial ratio 0.90–0.93; mostly densely setulose, particularly along oral margin and toward posteroventral portions of face; dorsum of interfoveal hump with subshiny area more or less concolorous with mesofrons, otherwise face densely microtomentose, grayish brown to golden brown, gradually paler ventrally. Eye ratio 1.07–1.10; gena-to-eye ratio 0.32–0.35; gena moderately short, coloration immediately below eye whitish gray, slightly more tannish posteriorly.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Fig. 11): Scutum thinly microtomentose, subshiny, mostly dark brown, darker and shinier posteriorly; anterior margin slightly more microtomentose, grayer, especially postpronotum and 2 partial, microtomentose stripes laterad of acrostichal track; lateral margins of scutum slightly more microtomentose, more grayish brown; scutellum concolorous with posterior portion of scutum; pleural areas paler, grayer ventrally; anepisternum with dorsal and posterior margins more brownish, otherwise mostly gray; anepimeron mostly concolorous with posterior margin of anepisternum; other pleural areas including coxae whitish gray, concolorous. Wing length averaging 3.55–3.80 mm; faintly infuscate; costal vein ratio 0.20–0.22; M vein ratio 0.69– 0.71. Legs generally dark; femora microtomentose, grayish blue to green, only slightly darker than ventral pleural areas; tibiae and tarsi orangish yellow, with blackish tinges apically.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen:</i> Generally thinly microtomentose to microtomentose; tergites fasciate, anterior margin brownish to brassy, more thinly microtomentose, posterior margin grayish olivaceous green to gray, paler toward lateral margins, some specimens with faint bluish tinges of metallic luster; ventral surface of tergites frequently whitish gray. Fifth tergite of male triangular, nearly equilateral. Male terminalia (Figs. 12–16): margins of epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 12) parallel below cerci, rounded dorsally; surstyli in posterior view roughly forming isosceles triangle, apices of posterior processes forming ventral angle with narrow gap between; surstylus in lateral view (Figs. 14–16) with posterior process wide on basal 2/3, thereafter tapered to anteriorly curved, rounded apex, anterior margin irregularly shaped, posterior margin more regular; lateral process short, bluntly rounded, with patch of long, medioapical setulae.</p> <p> <b>Type Material.</b> The holotype male is labeled “ CHILE: Osorno Pr. Anticura (1 km. W) 430 m 1–3 Feb. 1978 W N Mathis/ɗ/ HOLOTYPE ɗ Neoephydra araucaria Mathis USNM [red].” The holotype is double mounted (minuten in a plastic elastomer block), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in the USNM. The allotype female and 123 paratypes (71ɗ, 52Ψ; USNM) bear the same locality label data as the holotype. Other paratypes are as follows (all in USNM): <i>CHILE. Bio Bio:</i> Santa Barbara (25 km E; 37°40'S, 72°01'W; 350 m), 24 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (21ɗ, 11Ψ; USNM). <i>Curico:</i> Estero Potrero Grande (3 km E Potrero Grande; 35°11'S, 71°07'W; 400 m), 8 Feb 1987, C. M. and O. S. Flint (5ɗ, 5Ψ; USNM). <i>Malleco:</i> Victoria (11 km N; 38°13'S, 72°20'W; 300 m), 25 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (15ɗ, 8Ψ; USNM). <i>Maule:</i> Constitución (35°20'S, 72°30'W), 16 Dec 1976, A. Gurney, Barria (1ɗ; USNM). <i>Nuble:</i> Río Perquilauquen, Parral (12 km S; 36°10'S, 71°50'W; 160 m), 24 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (5ɗ, 3Ψ; USNM). <i>O'Higgins:</i> Río Claro (5 km N Rengo; 34°24'S, 70°52'W; 300 m), 23 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (9ɗ; USNM). <i>Osorno:</i> Termas de Aguas Calientes (1 km SE; 40°41'S, 72°21'W; 530 m), 7–8 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (12ɗ, 3Ψ; USNM); Anticura (4 km W; 37°40'S, 72°01'W; 400 m), 3 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (2ɗ, 3Ψ; USNM); Anticura (1 km W; 40°39'S, 72°10'W; 430 m), 5–6, 11–12 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (6ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM); Lago Puyehue (SE shore; 40°45'S, 72°25.2'W), 6–10 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (23ɗ, 20Ψ; USNM); Lago Puyehue, Entre Lagos (40°45.2'S, 72°34.8'W), 14 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (40ɗ, 24Ψ; USNM); Lago Rupanco, El Encanto (40°49'S, 72°28'W), 6 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (2ɗ, 3Ψ; USNM); Laguna El Pato (41°10'S, 73°40'W; 1100 m), 13 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (5ɗ, 12Ψ; USNM); Laguna El Toro (41°09'S, 73°28'W; 780 m), 8 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (1ɗ, 2Ψ; USNM); Salto del Río Pilmaiquen (40°08'S, 71°59'W), 14 Feb 1978, W. N. Mathis (15ɗ, 14Ψ; USNM). <i>Palena:</i> Termas El Amarillo, (30 km SE Chaitén; 42°52.9'S, 72°21.4'W; 250 m), 22 Jan 1987, C. M. and O. S. Flint (3ɗ, 7Ψ; USNM). <i>Santiago:</i> El Alfalfal (33°30'S, 70°11'W; 1320 m), 22 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (20ɗ, 5Ψ; USNM); Lampa (22 km NW Santiago; 33°17'S, 70°54'W), 21 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (5ɗ, 9Ψ; USNM). <i>Talca:</i> Río Lircay (11 km N Talca; 35°23'S, 71°39'W; 85 m), 23 Jan 1978, W. N. Mathis (3ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM).</p> <p> <b>Type Locality.</b> Chile. Osorno. Anticura (1 km W; 40°39'S, 72°10'W).</p> <p> <b>Additional Specimens Examined.</b> <i>ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires:</i> Médanos (38°49'S, 62°41'W), 11 Nov 1946, K. Hayward (1ɗ; USNM). <i>Mendoza:</i> Uspallata (9 mi W; 32°40'S, 69°25'W), 6 Feb 1951, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (1ɗ; CAS). <i>Rio Negro:</i> Bariloche (49°09'S, 71°18'W), Nov 1926, R. and E. Shannon (5ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM).</p> <p> <i>CHILE. Aconcagua:</i> Guardia Vieja (E; 32°54'S, 70°17'W), 3 Dec 1976, A. Gurney, G. Barria (1ɗ; USNM). <i>Antofagasta:</i> Pocos (23°15'S, 68°04'W; 2800 m), Des Atacama, Apr 1954, L. E. Peña (lɗ; USNM). <i>Bio Bio:</i> El Abanico (37°20'S, 71°31'W), 31 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (lɗ; USNM). <i>Cautin:</i> Temuco (20 km E; 38°44'S, 72°35'W), 7 Jan 1951, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (39ɗ, 46Ψ; USNM). <i>Concepción:</i> Cosmito (36°46'S, 73°01'W), 31 Dec 1966, O. S. Flint, Jr., T. Cekalovic (lɗ, 1Ψ; USNM); San Rosendo (37°16'S, 72°43'W), Dec 1926, R. and E. Shannon (lɗ; USNM). <i>Coquimbo:</i> Bosque de Nague-Los Vilos (31°54.7'S, 71°30.8'W), Nov 1969, L. E. Peña (2ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM); Tilama, El Naranjo (32°05'S, 71°10'W), Oct 1967, L. E. Peña (2ɗ, 2Ψ; USNM); Freirina (28°30.3'S, 71°04.6'W), Oct 1969, L. E. Peña (4ɗ, 13Ψ; USNM); Hda Illapel (31°37.8'S, 71°09.9'W; 600–1200 m), 24–30 Oct-19 Dec 1954–1966, M. E. Irwin, L. E. Peña, E. Schlinger (4ɗ, 2Ψ; USNM); La Serena (50 km S; 29°55'S, 71°15.2'W), 1 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (2ɗ; CAS); Ovalle (20 mi SE; 30°36'S, 71°11'W), 12 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (4ɗ, 11Ψ; USNM); Río Colorado-Pichidarqui (32°52'S, 72°25'W), 7–11 Aug 1960, L. E. Peña (2ɗ, 1Ψ; CNC); Port Tres Cruces (Portuzuelo; 29°22.3'S, 70°56'W), 30 Oct 1957, L. E. Peña (2ɗ, 2Ψ; CNC). <i>Curico:</i> Cajon de Río Claro-SE Los Queñes (35°0.1'S, 70°49.1'W; 1100 m), 8 Dec 1966, E. I. Schlinger (1ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM). <i>Llanquihue:</i> Frutillar (41°07'S, 73°03'W), 22 Jan 1953, P. G. Kuschel (4ɗ; USNM). <i>Malleco:</i> Angol (37°48'S, 72°43'W), 28 Nov-1 Jan 1926–1932, D. S. Bullock (3ɗ; USNM). <i>Maule:</i> Curanipe (35°50'S, 72°38'W), 4 Dec 1953, L. E. Peña (1ɗ; USNM). <i>Nuble:</i> San Carlos (18 km E; 36°20'S, 71°44'W), 24 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (1Ψ; CAS); San Carlos (40 km E; 36°20'S, 71°43'W), 23 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (lɗ, 1Ψ; USNM). <i>O'Higgins:</i> Rancagua (23 km N; 34°09'S, 70°45'W), 21 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (30ɗ, 26Ψ; USNM). <i>Osorno:</i> Río Bueno-N Osorno (40°19'S, 72°58'W), 14 Jan 1951, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (30ɗ, 38Ψ; USNM); Termas de Puyehue (40°42'S, 72°18'W), 7 Jun 1940, G. H. Schwabe (2ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM). <i>Santiago:</i> Baños de Morales (33°50'S, 70°03'W), 12 Jul 1940, G. H. Schwabe (1ɗ; USNM); Chacabuco, Tiltil (33°04.3'S, 70°58.3'W; 950 m), 18–19 Jan 1999, P. and M. Kerr (1ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM); Refugio Lo Valdés (33°48'S, 70°03'W), Jun 1954, L. E. Peña (2ɗ, 4Ψ; USNM); Los Maitenes (33°32'S, 70°16'W; 1200–1300 m), 19 Oct 1954, L. E. Peña (1ɗ; USNM); Cantillana (33°58'S, 70°58'W; 2000 m), Dec 1969, L. E. Peña (2ɗ, 1Ψ; USNM). <i>Talca:</i> Talca (29.5 km N; 35°25'S, 71°25'W), 22 Dec 1950, E. S. Ross, A. E. Michelbacher (1Ψ; CAS); Vegas del Flaco (34°56'S, 70°02'W; 1350 m), Nov 1969, L. E. Peña (1ɗ; USNM). <i>Valparaiso:</i> Islas Juan Fernandez: Mas-a-Tierra (33°38'S, 78°52'W), 15 Jan– 24 Mar 1951–1973, G. Barria, L. Cartagena, P. G. Kuschel, L. E. Peña (47ɗ, 53Ψ; CNC, USNM); Isla Más Afuera (33°45'S, 80°46'W), 31 Jan 1973, L. E. Peña (51ɗ, 68Ψ; CNC); Isla Santa Clara (33°42'S, 79°W), 1 Jun–30 Dec 1952–1954, P. J. Kusch, P. G. Kuschel (7ɗ, 3Ψ; USNM).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Neotropical:</i> Argentina (Buenos Aires, Mendoza, Rio Negro) and Chile (Antofagasta, Bio Bio, Cautin, Concepción, Coquimbo, Curico, Llanquihue, Malleco, Maule, Nuble, O'Higgins, Osorno, Santiago, Talca, Valparaiso), between 28°–42°S and 62°–79°W.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet, <i>araucaria,</i> is taken from the name of a native American tribe that lived in southern Chile. The epithet is a noun in apposition to the generic name.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This is a common and widespread species in southern South America. Specimens are abundant, and large numbers are frequently collected in marshy habitats.</p> <p>Some variation is evident in the shape of the surstylus. This variation (Figs. 14–16), which I interpret to be intraspecific, is best viewed laterally and is expressed within and among populations of this species.</p>Published as part of <i>Mathis, Wayne N., 2008, Two new neotropical genera of the shore-fly tribe Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae), pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 1874</i> on pages 10-14, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/184062">10.5281/zenodo.184062</a>
Haloscatella Mathis
No full textGenus HALOSCATELLA Mathis Haloscatella Mathis, 1979: 6 (as a subgenus of Lamproscatella). Type species: Lamproscatella arichaeta Mathis, 1979, by original designation.Published as part of El-Hawagry, Magdi S., Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz & Ebrahim, Ayman M., 2018, Catalogue of the Egyptian Ephydroidea (Diptera: Schizophora: Acalyptratae), pp. 201-246 in Zootaxa 4444 (3) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4444.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/130962
Limnellia huachuca Mathis 1978
No full text<p> <b>huachuca</b> Mathis, 1978: 270. Type localty: United States, Arizona, Cochise, Huachuca Mountains, Ramsey Canyon, Sierra Vista (24 km S; 6,000 ft). HT M (CNC). Distr.: Nearctic: United States (Arizona). Neotropical: Colombia, Mexico (Michoacan), West Indies (Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Puerto Rico).</p>Published as part of <i>Mathis, Wayne Neilsen, Júnior, Francisco De Assis Rodrigues & Couri, Márcia Souto, 2016, FAMILY EPHYDRIDAE, pp. 752-770 in Zootaxa 4122 (1)</i> on page 763, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4122.1.64, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/267319">http://zenodo.org/record/267319</a>
Parahyadina irwini Mathis & Zatwarnicki 2019, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Parahyadina irwini</i>, sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 43, 45–48, Map 9)</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> This species is distinguished from congeners by the following combination of characters: Adults. Small shore flies, body length 1.35–1.85 mm.</p> <p> <i>Head</i> (Fig. 43): Lateroclinate fronto-orbital seta well developed, basal diameter comparable or only slightly reduced in comparison to basal diameters of vertical setae.</p> <p> <i>Thorax</i> (Fig. 43): Postsutural scutum without distinct, longitudinal vittae between acrostichal setae and dorsocentral setae. Wing hyaline; costal vein ratio 1.10–1.19; M vein ratio 0.23–0.38.</p> <p> <i>Abdomen.</i> Tergites 3–5 with ventrolateral margin shallowly rounded; male sternite 4 weakly sclerotized, as 2 relatively approximate, lateral, longitudinal bars; male tergite 5 extended posteriorly in same plane as tergite 4; male sternite 5 Y-shaped, arms flared anterolaterally, moderately well developed. <i>Male terminalia</i> (Figs. 45–48): Epandrium in posterior view (Fig. 45) broadly oval with ventromedial projections tapered to narrowly rounded apex, bearing 4 setulae near midlength and a prominent apical setulae, in lateral view (Fig. 46) with dorsal 2/3 narrow, linear, more or less parallel sided; surstylar length (from rounded, medial bump) about ½ height of cercus, angled slightly posteromedially, in lateral view (Fig. 46) with a medial, short, hook-like protrusion, tapered from wider base to narrowly rounded apex, apex bearing a single, short seta, also bearing 4 setulae in a vertical line along anterior margin at midlength; cercus in posterior view (Fig. 45) irregularly obovate, tapered to point dorsally, ventral margin broadly rounded, generally covered with small setulae, in lateral view (Fig. 46) height almost twice width with anterior margin somewhat straight, posterior margin irregularly arched; aedeagus heavily sclerotized, in lateral view (Fig. 48) tubular, elongate, with 2 basal prongs, dorsal protrusion about 3 times length of basal one, apically as an abruptly narrowed, acutely pointed projection, length slightly less than aedeagal width at midlength, in ventral view (Fig. 47) about as wide as long, base broadly rounded, apical third narrowed, short, parallel sided with a short, medial projection; phallapodeme in lateral view (Fig. 48) irregularly triangular with 2 moderately narrowed angles and truncate, wide, keel as third angle, in ventral view (Fig. 47) narrowly hour-glass shaped, base narrowly Y-shaped with short arms, apex tapered to point, widest subapically; gonite and hypandrium broadly fused, in lateral view (Fig. 48) robustly L-shaped, gonal portion bearing a digitiform, shallowly curved projection, hypandrial portion longer than wide, narrowly rectangular, in ventral view (Fig. 47) generally irregularly rectangular, convexly truncate basally, becoming slightly wider posteriorly, posterior margin abruptly narrowed as digitiform, medially curved projections.</p> <p> <b>Type Specimen.</b> The holotype male is labeled “ <b>NEW ZEALAND.</b> S. ISL. NN: Flora Saddle (41°11.4’S, 172°44.2’E), 12Feb 1998 [,] Wayne N. Mathis/ USNM ENT 00085386 [plastic bar code label]/ HOLOTYPE ♂ <i>Parahyadina irwini</i> Mathis & Zatwarnicki NZAC [red].” The holotype is double mounted (minuten in block of plastic elastomer), is in excellent condition, and is deposited in NZAC. Seven paratypes (4♂, 3♀; NZAC, USNM) bears the same label data as the holotype except for one male for which V. Hollmann was the collector.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> New Zealand. South Island. NN: Flora Saddle (41°11.4’S, 172°44.2’E).</p> <p> <b>Other specimens examined.</b> <b>NORTH ISLAND. ND:</b> Whananaki (7 km SW; freshwater creek; 35°32.9’S, 174°24.6’E), 6 Oct 2002, D. and W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM).</p> <p> <b>SOUTH ISLAND. CO:</b> Danseys Pass (1.2 km SW; 44°57.2’S, 170°22.0’E; 856 m), 11 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 2♀; USNM); Danseys Pass (2.2 km NE; 44°56.9’S, 170°24.2’E; 586 m), 11 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 2♀; USNM). <b>FD:</b> Borland Saddle (22 km W Monowai; 45°44.8’S, 167°23.2’E; 945–988 m); 18 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (2♂, 2♀; USNM); Lake Monowai (45°48.7’S, 167°31.3’E; 225 m); 17–20 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (1♂; USNM); Monowai River (45°46.7’S, 167°35.7’E; 171 m); 17–18 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 3♀; USNM). <b>MC:</b> Acheron River (43°19.7’S, 171°40.5’E; 772 m), 10 Jan 2004, W. N. Mathis (3♂, 3♀; USNM); Lake Pearson (43°05.6’S, 171°46.8’E; 612 m); 3 Feb 2004, W. N. Mathis (4♂, 3♀; USNM). <b>NN:</b> Graham Valley (41°12.1’S, 172°50.8’E), 12 Feb 1998, W. N. Mathis (1♂, 1♀; USNM). <b>SL:</b> Orepuki (46°16.9’S, 167°44.3’E), 8 Feb 1976, L. L. Deitz (1♀; NZAC).</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b> (Map 9). Australasian/Oceanian: New Zealand. North Island (ND), South Island (CO, FD, MC, NN, SL).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species epithet, <i>irwini,</i> is a Latinized genitive patronym to honor the contributions of Anthony G. Irwin to our study of shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae), especially his editing skills and knowledge of the literature.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Externally, this species is very similar to <i>P. edmistoni, P. latistylis,</i> and <i>P. debilis</i> but is distinguished from these by the following combination of characters: Male tergites three through five with ventrolateral margins shallowly and bluntly rounded, not acutely developed, as in <i>P. edmistoni</i>; and male tergite five extends posteriorly in the same plane as tergite four. Structures of the male terminalia distinguish this species, especially the moderately short and thin surstylus and the robust and L-shaped gonite (Fig. 48). The length of the gonite in lateral view (Fig. 48) is about twice its basal width, the apex is irregularly and bluntly rounded, and there is a lateral, digitiform prominence.</p>Published as part of <i>Mathis, Wayne N. & Zatwarnicki, Tadeusz, 2019, Revision of the Shore-fly Genera Parahyadina Tonnoir and Malloch and New Zealand Hyadina Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae), pp. 401-440 in Zootaxa 4623 (3)</i> on pages 429-432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4623.3.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3258532">http://zenodo.org/record/3258532</a>
Notiocoenia pollinosa Mathis
No full text4. Notiocoenia pollinosa Mathis Figs. 21–26, Map 4 Notiocoenia pollinosa Mathis 1980: 18.—Lizarralde de Grosso 1989: 59 –60 [list, Argentina].— Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995: 250 [world catalog]. Diagnosis. Because this is the only known species of the pollinosa group, the diagnosis of the latter, as cited previously, will adequately serve to distinguish specimens of this species. Should additional species of this speciesgroup be discovered, character states of the male terminalia will undoubtedly distinguish them from the present species. Small to moderately small shore flies, body length 1.98–2.56 mm; generally shiny, dark brown dorsally. Head (Figs. 21–22): Frons width-to-length ratio 0.36–0.38; coloration of frons mostly pale brown with some faintly olivaceous to greenish tinges. Antenna unicolorous, black. Coloration of face unicolorous, whitish gray to silvery gray; antennal groove shallowly impressed. Eye height-to-width ratio 0.86–0.88; gena-to-eye ratio 0.11– 0.13; gena pale brown; well-developed genal seta 1. Thorax (Fig. 23): Mesonotum and scutellum concolorous, shiny, bronzish brown, except extreme anterior margin of mesonotum dull, grayish. Pleural areas gradually becoming paler brown ventrally, grayer, particularly forecoxa and katepisternum. Wing palely infuscate, pale brown, appearing dull; with 2 white spots on either side of crossvein dm-cu; costal vein ratio 0.14–0.16; M vein ratio 0.58–0.61. Legs unicolorous, black; fore- and hindfemora appearing swollen. Halter brownish yellow, unicolorous. Abdomen: Subshiny anteriorly, becoming distinctly shiny posteriorly; coloration grayish black anteriorly, becoming very dark greenish black posteriorly; female tergites becoming progressively longer posteriorly, also narrowing with gradual taper toward posterior end; male tergite 4 subequal to combined length of tergites 2 and 3; male tergite 5 subtrapezoidal, bluntly rounded apically, length about equal to length of tergite 4; male tergite 4 produced ventrally to acutely pointed apex; male sternite 4 subquadrate, becoming densely setose medioposteriorly. Male terminalia (Figs. 24–26): Epandrium generally setulose, in posterior view (Fig. 24) with dorsal 2 / 3 as an inverted U, more thinly developed dorsally, in lateral view (Fig. 25) dorsal arch of inverted U more thinly developed, thereafter ventrally in lateral view gradually becoming wider to level of ventral margin of cercal cavity, ventral 1 / 3 in posterior view (Fig. 24) flared laterally as bluntly rounded, lateral projections, posterior and anterior margins nearly parallel, posterior margin straight; ventral epandrial margin, which is probably the fused surstylus, obtusely angulate with a V-shaped medial notch and partial medial suture; cerci free in cercal cavity, not fused with epandrium, semihemispherical, short, subequal to ¼ length of epandrium and fused surstyli; aedeagus in lateral view (Fig. 26) elongate, conspicuously wider on basal half, apical portion narrowed, slender, pointed apically; gonite produced anteroventrally as curved parallel-sided slender process. Type material. The holotype male is labeled “ CHILE: Prov. Magallanes Rio Verde 12 Jan. 1966 Flint & Cekalovic/ HOLOTYPE Notiocoenia pollinosa Mathis [handwritten, red].” The holotype specimen is double mounted (glued to a paper point), is in good condition (although both basal flagellomeres are missing), and is deposited in the USNM (76069). The allotype female and four paratypes (2 ♂, 2 ♀; USNM) are labeled “ CHILE Chanillo Esperanza 25 -II- 1962 T. Cekalovic.” Other paratypes as follows: ARGENTINA: Rio Negro: Llao Llao (11.4 km E; 41 °03'S, 71 ° 32 'W; 760 m), 16 Nov 1966, M. E. Irwin and E. I. Schlinger (2 ♂, 3 ♀; CAS); Puerto Moreno (3.7 km S; 41 °07'S, 71 ° 25 'W; 800 m), 17 Nov 1966, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger (1 ♀; CAS); San Carlos de Bariloche (49 °09'S, 71 ° 18 'W), Nov 1926, R. C. and E. Shannon (1 ♀; USNM). Santa Cruz: Lago Argentino (49 ° 45 'S, 72 °W), 26 Feb 1953, A. Willink (1 ♂, 1 ♀; FML). Type locality. Chile. Magallanes: Río Verde (43 ° 23.8 'S, 72 ° 31.5 'W). Other specimens examined. CHILE. Aisen: Chile Chico (4.8 km W; 46 ° 33 'S, 71 ° 44 'W; 400 m; meadow), 22 Nov 1966, M. E. Irvin, E. I. Schlinger (1 ♂, 1 ♀; CAS). Magallanes: Río Verde (43 ° 23.8 'S, 72 ° 31.5 'W), 12 Jan 1966, O. S. Flint, Jr., T. Cekalovic (1 ♂, 2 ex; USNM); Río Tres Brazos (53 ° 16 'S, 70 ° 56 'W), 9–13 Jan 1966, O. S. Flint, Jr., T. Cekalovic (4 ♀; USNM); Punta Arenas (53 °09'S, 70 ° 55 'W), 9–15 Jan 1966, O. S. Flint, Jr., T. Cekalovic, 22 Feb 1962, T. Cekalovic (3 ♀; USNM); Laguna Amarga (4 km W; 5059 'S, 72 ° 45 'W), 7 Dec 1966, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger (4 ♂, 4 ♀; CAS); Laguna Amarga (4 km W; 51 °S, 72 ° 48 'W; 300 m), 7 Dec 1966, M. E. Irwin, E. I. Schlinger (3 ♂; CAS); Laguna Azul (50 ° 52 'S, 72 ° 42 'W), 1 Feb 1952, (2 ♂, 1 ♀; FML); Cerro Mina Rica (53 °07'S, 71 °07'W), 13 Jan 1952 (1 ♀; FML); Dos Lagunas (48 ° 52 'S, 72 ° 52 'W), 27 Jan 1957, T. Cekalovic (1 ♂; USNM). Distribution (Map 4). Neotropical: Argentina (Rio Negro, Santa Cruz), Chile (Aisen, Magallanes), between 41 °– 55 °S. MAP 4. Distribution map for Notiocoenia pollinosa Mathis.Published as part of Mathis, Wayne N. & Marinoni, Luciane, 2016, Revision of Ephydrini Zetterstedt (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Americas south of the United States, pp. 1-110 in Zootaxa 4116 (1) on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4116.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25732
The long-wavelength view of GG Tau A: rocks in the ring world
No full textWe present the first detection of GG Tau A at centimetre wavelengths, made with the Arcminute Microkelvin Imager Large Array at a frequency of 16 GHz (λ = 1.8 cm). The source is detected at >6 σrms with an integrated flux density of S16GHz = 249 ± 45 µJy. We use these new centimetre-wave data, in conjunction with additional measurements compiled from the literature, to investigate the long-wavelength tail of the dust emission from this unusual protoplanetary system. We use an MCMC-based method to determine maximum likelihood parameters for a simple parametric spectral model and consider the opacity and mass of the dust contributing to the microwave emission. We derive a dust mass of Md ~ 0.1 Msun, constrain the dimensions of the emitting region and find that the opacity index at λ > 7 mm is less than unity, implying a contribution to the dust population from grains exceeding ~4 cm in size. We suggest that this indicates coagulation within the GG Tau A system has proceeded to the point where dust grains have grown to the size of small rocks with dimensions of a few centimetres. Considering the relatively young age of the GG Tau association in combination with the low derived disc mass, we suggest that this system may provide a useful test case for rapid core accretion planet formation models
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