106 research outputs found
Paradiopatra pyricirra Budaeva & Fauchald 2011, SP. NOV.
No full textPARADIOPATRA PYRICIRRA SP. NOV. <p>(FIGS 63–65; TABLE 14)</p> <p> <i>Type material:</i> ZMUB 87050, <i>Vityaz</i> St. 3539 (holotype); ZMUB 87051, the same locality as holotype (one paratype).</p> <p> <i>Non-type material examined:</i> SIO RAS, the same locality as holotype (seven).</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Pacific Ocean, south-west of Japan, 30.62°N, 128.695°E, 700–771 m.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> First three pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound bidentate falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods and distinct teeth; ventral cirri thick and pyriform on first three chaetigers; subacicular hooks starting from chaetiger 9; branchiae pectinate with between two and four filaments, starting from chaetigers 6–9; peristomial cirri present.</p>Published as part of <i>Budaeva, Nataliya & Fauchald, Kristian, 2011, Phylogeny of the Diopatra generic complex with a revision of Paradiopatra Ehlres, 1887 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae), pp. 319-436 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (2)</i> on pages 393-395, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00701.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5441262">http://zenodo.org/record/5441262</a>
Protodiopatra willemoesii Budaeva & Fauchald 2011, COMB. NOV.
No full text<i>PROTODIOPATRA WILLEMOESII</i> (MCINTOSH, 1885) COMB. NOV. (FIGS 86–91; TABLE 17) <p> <i>Nothria willemoesii</i> McIntosh, 1885: 322–327, pl. 26A, figs 1–4; pl. 35A: fig. 1; pl. 41, figs 4–10.</p> <p> <i>Onuphis willemoesii</i> Izuka, 1912: 101–103, pl. 1, fig. 7; Takahashi, 1938: 206, pl. 20E; Imajima & Hartman, 1964: 246–247.</p> <p> <i>Sarsonuphis willemoesii</i> Fauchald, 1982: 79.</p> <p> <i>Paradiopatra willemoesii</i> Paxton, 1986a: 38. Imajima, 1999: 92–95, figs 50–53; Imajima, 2001: 74.</p> <p> <i>Type material:</i> BMNH 1885.12.1.212, <i>Challenger</i> (no station reported) Pacific Ocean, off Indonesia, off Amboina, dredge, 183 m (holotype).</p> <p> <i>Non-type material examined:</i> BMNH 1921.5.1.1877, the same locality as holotype (tube); BMNH 1879.12.17.20, Japan, 34.183°N, 136.55°E, 130 m (tube); NSMT Pol-107584, Japan, off Nagai, Sagami Bay, 40 m (one); USMN 19009, <i>Albatross</i>, St. 5394 (one); ZIN 3 /12018, <i>Pelamida</i> (no station reported), South China Sea, Gulf of Tonkin, 56–77 m, 1960, coll. Gurjanova, E.F. (four); ZIN 5 /12020, <i>Orlik</i> (no station reported), South China Sea, Gulf of Tonkin, 67 m, 28 October 1960 (two); ZIN 7 /12022, <i>Pelamida</i> (no station reported), South China Sea, Gulf of Tonkin, coll. Gurjanova, E.F. (three); ZIN 8 /12038, <i>Pelamida</i>, St. 11, 22.10.1960 (three); SIO RAS, <i>Pelamida</i> St. 39 (two); St. 43 (one); St. 73 (three); <i>Orlik</i> St. 211, South China Sea, Gulf of Tonkin, 18°N, 110.3°E, 136 m, Sigsbee trawl, 13 July 1960 (three); ZMUC, 22°N, 114.5°E, 31 m, December 1882, coll. Suensson (one).</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Pacific Ocean, off Indonesia, off Amboina, 183 m.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Median antenna thicker and longer than lateral ones; first four pairs of parapodia modified with subulate ventral cirri and pseudocompound bidentate falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods; postchaetal lobes present on all chaetigers; subacicular hooks starting from chaetigers 15–21; branchiae pectinate, starting from chaetigers 11–18 and continuing to the end of the body; peristomial cirri present; tube with long thin spines attached to distal slightly curved end.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> All specimens lacking posterior ends; one posterior end with pygidium present in the material examined. Holotype 1.9 mm wide and about 50 mm long in two fragments: anterior part consisting of 21 chaetigers and posterior part consisting of 52 chaetigers. Prostomium and first few chaetigers of holotype have been dissected, and some parts are missing. Non-type specimens ranging from 1.3 to 6.5 mm in width (mean value 2.4 mm). The most complete specimen consisting of 286 chaetigers, and about</p>Published as part of <i>Budaeva, Nataliya & Fauchald, Kristian, 2011, Phylogeny of the Diopatra generic complex with a revision of Paradiopatra Ehlres, 1887 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae), pp. 319-436 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (2)</i> on pages 414-415, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00701.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5441262">http://zenodo.org/record/5441262</a>
Paxtonia amoureuxi Budaeva & Fauchald 2011, COMB. NOV.
No full text<i>PAXTONIA AMOUREUXI</i> (INTES & LE LOEUFF, 1975) COMB. NOV. (FIGS 83–85) <p> <i>Onuphis amoureuxi</i> Intes & Le Loeuff, 1975: 313–314,</p> <p> fig. 10h–q. Fauchald, 1982: 96–97, fig. 15d–e. <i>Paradiopatra amoureuxi</i> Paxton, 1986a: 38.</p> <p> <i>Type material:</i> MNHN POLY TYPE 1245, ORSTOM Expedition, off Côte d’Ivoire, 5.1°N, 4.333°W, 80 m, 25 November 1966, dredge, coll. Intes, A. and Le Loeuff, P. (holotype); MNHN POLY TYPE 1343, ORSTOM Expedition, off Côte d’Ivoire, 5.033°N, 4.15°W, 170 m, 24 November 1966, dredge, coll. Intes, A. and Le Loeuff, P. (one paratype); MNHN POLY TYPE 1354, the same locality as another paratype (one paratype).</p> <p> <i>Non-type material examined:</i> ZMUB, <i>Fridtjof Nansen</i>, Gulf of Guinea, off Nigeria, St. N 04A (one); St. N04D (one); St. N10B (one).</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Atlantic Ocean, West Africa, off Côte d’Ivoire, 5.1°N, 4.333°W, 80 m.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> First eight pairs of parapodia modified and directing slightly anteriorly; first five chaetigers with indistinctly bidentate pseudocompound falcigers, and pseudocompound tapering chaetae with moderately long pointed hoods; parapodial pockets present on chaetigers 6–25; branchiae pectinate, with up to five filaments, starting from chaetiger 10 and continuing to the end of the body. Prechaetal lobes triangular to conical, distinct on all parapodia.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> All specimens incomplete; holotype with 54 chaetigers, 2.6 mm wide; two paratypes 4.3 and 4.7 mm wide for 54 and 77 chaetigers, respectively. The most complete non-type specimen consisting of several fragments, with about 230 chaetigers. Largest non-type specimen 4.2 mm wide. A fragment consisting of about 15 posteriormost chaetigers with pygidium was found among non-type specimens. Body dorsoventrally flattened, including anterior chaetigers, and lacking a distinct pigmentation pattern (Fig. 83A).</p> <p>Prostomium short and wide, with rounded anterior edge and one pair of ovoid frontal lips (Fig. 83B, C). Palps reaching chaetiger 2 (chaetiger 1); lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 22 (chaetigers 12–22). Median antenna remaining only in two specimens, reaching chaetiger 20 (chaetiger 16), which is longer than the lateral antennae (Fig. 83A–C).</p> <p>Ceratophores of lateral antennae with six or seven (between five and eight) rings without lateral projections. Palpophores and cerartophores of median antenna also without projections, with one ring less than the ceratophores of the lateral antennae. Nuchal grooves almost straight, with wide mid-dorsal separation. Relatively large eyes present near bases of lateral antennae (Fig. 83A). Peristomium about onethird as long as first chaetiger. Peristomial cirri present, slightly longer than peristomium (Fig. 83A, B).</p> <p>First seven (eight) pairs of parapodia modified, projecting laterally, directing slightly anteriorly, but not enlarged. Prechaetal lobes rounded (Fig. 83G). Postchaetal lobes large and triangular through anterior 10 to 13 chaetigers (Fig. 83G), later becoming smaller towards posterior region, but still distinct on the posteriormost parapodia. Parapodia of chaetigers 7–14 (chaetigers 6–23) with large parapodial pockets limited frontally by folds of tissue (Fig. 83A, G). Dorsal cirri slender, present on all parapodia. Digitiform ventral cirri present in first seven (eight) chaetigers; thereafter, replaced by transverse elongate glandular pads (Fig. 83A, C, G).</p> <p>First three pairs of parapodia with dorsal fascicle of two or three simple chaetae and ventral fascicle of four or five pseudocompound falcigers (Fig. 83H, I). Anterior falcigers with two indistinct teeth, moderately long pointed hoods and smooth shafts (Fig. 84D). Parapodia of chaetigers 4 or 5 (chaetiger 6) with pseudocompound tapering chaetae with paired pointed hoods, but lacking distinct teeth (Figs 83J, 84E). From chaetiger 6 (chaetiger 7), pseudocompound tapering chaetae replaced by simple tapering chaetae with pointed tips, which in turn are replaced by limbate chaetae on the following unmodified parapodia (Fig. 84A). Paired simple bidentate subacicular hooks with thin transparent hoods starting from chaetiger 19 (chaetigers 17–26) (Fig. 84B, C, F). Pectinate chaetae thin and delicate, with slightly oblique distal margin and 12–20 small teeth (Fig. 84G). Neuropodia with up to five or six pale transparent neuroaciculae (Fig. 83H–J, 84A–C).</p> <p>Branchiae pectinate, with up to four long slender filaments (Fig. 84B), starting at chaetiger 10 (chaetiger 9) (Fig. 83B), and continuing to the end of the body. Short branchiae present on all chaetigers of the single posterior fragment studied.</p> <p>Mandibles strong, whitish, with parallel slender shafts. Calcareous cutting plates with two distinct indentations (Fig. 83F). Maxillae dark brown, well sclerotized; maxillary formula (based on one specimen): Mx I = 1 + 1; Mx II = 6 + 8; Mx III = 7 + 0; Mx IV = 6 + 9; Mx V = 1 + 1; Mx VI = 1 + 1 (Fig. 83E).</p> <p>Pygidium with two very long and slender anal cirri and dorsal anus (Fig. 83D). Tubes unknown.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> West Africa, Gulf of Guinea (Fig. 85). Depth range 80– 170 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Budaeva, Nataliya & Fauchald, Kristian, 2011, Phylogeny of the Diopatra generic complex with a revision of Paradiopatra Ehlres, 1887 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae), pp. 319-436 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (2)</i> on pages 411-414, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00701.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5441262">http://zenodo.org/record/5441262</a>
Paradiopatra piccola Paxton & Budaeva, 2013, n. sp.
No full textParadiopatra piccola n. sp. Figures 8, 9; Table 2 Material examined. Type material—SLOPE 56: holotype (MV F 195957); 17 paratypes and 2 posterior fragments in tubes (MV F 195958); 2 paratypes (AM W 43552); 1 paratype, mounted for SEM (AM W 43552.001). Non-type material—SLOPE 40: 4 specimens (MV F 195959); SLOPE 48: 3 specimens (MV F 195960); RV Tangaroa Sta. BSS 167, Eastern Bass Strait, 63 km W of North Point Flinders Island (39 º 44.8 ’S, 148 º 40.6 ’E), 124 m, muddy sand, coll. R. Wilson, 14 Nov 1981; 1 specimen (MV F 195961). Type locality. Pacific Ocean, off eastern Australia, S of Sydney, NSW: 34 º 55.79 ’S, 151 º08.06’E, 429 m. Diagnosis. Globular frontal lips; ceratophores without lateral projections; peristomial cirri present; first three pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound, uni- to weakly bidentate falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods, shafts with spines in rows and scattered, appendages with scattered spines; subacicular hooks subequal, starting from chaetiger 9; branchiae absent; protomandibles not visible; symmetrical maxillae in all three specimens dissected. Description. All examined specimens lacking posterior ends. Length of holotype 8 mm long for 39 chaetigers, width 0.5 mm (at chaetiger 10, excluding parapodia); paratypes ranging from 4–13 mm long (smallest paratype consisting of 24 chaetigers, largest partially in tube, number of chaetigers unknown, next to largest paratype without tube 9 mm for 44 chaetigers), width 0.4–0.5 mm. Non-type material ranging from 0.2–0.5 mm in width. Alcohol stored specimens overall cream-coloured, lacking colour pattern. Prostomium anteriorly rounded, wider than long with paired globular frontal lips situated closely together (Fig. 8 A–C). Palps of holotype reaching chaetiger 1 (paratypes: peristomium–chaetiger 1); lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 5 (chaetigers 5–7); median antenna reaching chaetiger 4 (chaetigers 3–5). Ceratophores with well developed annulation, lacking lateral projections, ceratophores of lateral antennae with 4 (4–5) rings, median antenna with 4 (4–5) rings; terminal ring as long as two lower ones combined. Nuchal grooves could not be made out. Relatively large eyespot or fusion of 2–3 small ones slightly below and between lateral antennae and palps. Peristomium slightly longer than first chaetiger. Peristomial cirri present, short and thick, inserted subdistally. First three pairs of parapodia modified, projecting anterolaterally, directed slightly ventrally (Fig. 8 B), following ones directed laterally. Prechaetal lobes rounded on all parapodia; postchaetal lobes triangular to subulate in first chaetigers decreasing rapidly in size, absent from chaetiger 7–8. Dorsal cirri subulate on first three chaetigers (Figs 8 D, 9 A), becoming gradually shorter and digitate. Ventral cirri subulate on first three chaetigers, third one shorter than first two, replaced by ventral lateral pads from chaetiger 4 (Fig. 8 B). Parapodia supported by two aciculae projecting less than half as far as falcigers and limbate chaetae from prechaetal lobe (Fig. 9 A). First two pairs of parapodia with dorsal fascicle of 1–2 dorsal simple limbate chaetae and ventral fascicle of 4–5 unidentate (Fig. 9 B) and bidentate falcigers with very small subterminal tooth (Fig. 9 C) and moderately long pointed hoods; shafts of falcigers with small scattered spines and two rows of spines, appendages with scattered spines (Fig. 8 E). Two fascicles of simple limbate chaetae starting from chaetiger 4. Ventral fascicle of limbate chaetae replaced by paired bidentate subacicular hooks from chaetiger 9; by chaetiger 12–14 superior hook surpassing inferior one in thickness and length, remaining so to end of fragments (Fig. 9 D). Pectinate chaetae slightly oblique with 14–16 teeth (Fig. 9 E). Branchiae absent. Posterior end unknown. Tube cylindrical, with inner soft secreted layer and outer layer of grey mud and sand with foreign objects such as shell fragments, sea urchin spines and sponge spicules attached at right angle in similar fashion to Diopatra tubes (Fig. 8 A). Mandibles (Fig. 9 G) slender, with very high calcareous cutting plates with central distal indentation, protomandibles not visible through calcareous cutting plate. Maxillae delicate, hardly sclerotised. Of three sets of maxillae dissected, all displaying symmetry, i.e. both left and right MII and MIII present (Fig. 9 G). Maxillary formula: MI = 1 + 1; MII = 7 + 7; MIII = 8 + 8; MIV = 5 + 4; MV = 1 + 1. Remarks. Paradiopatra piccola is most similar to P. fragosa Ehlers, 1887 from the western North Atlantic and P. okai Imajima, 1999 from the Pacific off Japan. It shares with these species the small size, having three pairs of modified parapodia, the origin of subacicular hooks from chaetiger 9, and the lack of branchiae. The new species shares with P. fragosa the possession of tubes with attached foreign objects, while those of P. o k a i lack these decorations, and is similar to P. okai in having eyes which are absent in P. fragosa. However, P. piccola differs from both species in having uni- to weakly bidentate instead of clearly bidentate falcigers and that its paired subacicular hooks differ distinctly in size. Furthermore, the dissected maxillary apparatuses of three paratypes were symmetrical, having identical left and right elements, with the MIII present on both sides. This is a case of symmetry variation, the result of a mutation. Due to the small size of the specimens and scarce amount of material we cannot further investigate the extent to which the mutation has become fixed in the population. In the case of Diopatra dexiognatha Paxton & Bailey-Brock from Hawaii, out of 41 specimens 27 were symmetrical, 14 had a right but no left MIII, and none displayed the ‘normal’ asymmetry with only left MIII present (Paxton & Bailey- Brock 1986). Etymology. Paradiopatra piccola is one of the smallest species in the genus, which is reflected in its specific name. Distribution. Paradiopatra piccola n. sp., was collected in all three transects: south of Sydney, NSW, off eastern Victoria in Bass Strait, and off Freycinet Peninsula, eastern Tasmania, in 400–500 m, as well as off Flinders Island, Bass Strait, during previous sampling, in 124 m.Published as part of Paxton, Hannelore & Budaeva, Nataliya, 2013, Paradiopatra (Annelida: Onuphidae) from eastern Australian waters, with the description of six new species, pp. 140-164 in Zootaxa 3686 (2) on pages 152-154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/21560
Paradiopatra acirrata Paxton & Budaeva, 2013, n. sp.
No full text<i>Paradiopatra acirrata</i> n. sp. <p>Figures 1, 2; Table 2</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Type material—SLOPE 53: holotype (MV F192516); 4 paratypes (MV F192517); 1 paratype (AM W43548); 1 paratype, mounted for SEM (AM W43548.001).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Pacific Ocean, off eastern Australia, S of Sydney, NSW: 34º54.72’S, 151º15.04’E, 996 m.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Ovoid frontal lips; ceratophores without lateral projections; peristomial cirri absent; first three pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound bidentate falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods, shafts with spines in rows and scattered, appendages with scattered spines; subacicular hooks subequal, starting from chaetiger 9; branchiae single filaments, starting from chaetigers 16–21, present for short region; moderately-sized protomandibles.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> All examined specimens lacking posterior ends. Length of holotype 15 mm for 34 chaetigers, width 0.9 mm (at chaetiger 10, excluding parapodia); paratypes ranging from 6–15 mm long (19–27 chaetigers), 0.6–1.2 mm wide. Alcohol stored specimens overall cream-coloured, lacking colour pattern.</p> <p>Prostomium very short, only half as long as wide, with paired, closely spaced ovoid frontal lips, directed anteroventrally (Fig. 1 A–C). Palps of holotype reaching peristomium (paratypes: peristomium–chaetiger 1); lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 3 (chaetigers 2–4); median antenna reaching chaetiger 1 (chaetiger 1). Ceratophores with well developed annulation, lacking lateral projections; ceratophores of lateral antennae with 5 (4–5) rings, median antenna with 4 (3–5) rings; distal ring twice as long as proximal ones. Nuchal grooves with wide middorsal separation, laterally curved towards lateral antennae. Eyes absent. Peristomium slightly shorter than first chaetiger. Peristomial cirri absent (Fig. 1 C).</p> <p>First three pairs of parapodia modified, projecting anterolaterally, directed slightly ventrally (Fig. 1 D). Prechaetal lobes rounded on all parapodia; postchaetal lobes triangular to subulate in first four chaetigers, decreasing rapidly in size, absent from chaetiger 9 (7–9). Dorsal cirri well developed and subulate in anterior parapodia, becoming smaller and cirriform in median region. Ventral cirri subulate on first three chaetigers, third one shorter with blunt end in smaller paratypes, replaced by ovoid ventral glandular pads from chaetiger 4 (Fig. 1 B).</p> <p>Parapodia supported by 2–3 aciculae projecting less than half as far as falcigers and limbate chaetae from prechaetal lobes (Fig. 2 A, B). First three pairs of parapodia with dorsal fascicle of 1–2 simple limbate chaetae and ventral fascicle of 3–4 bidentate pseudocompound falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods (Fig. 2 C); shafts of falcigers with scattered spines and two rows of spines, appendages with scattered spines (Fig. 1 E). Two fascicles of simple limbate chaetae starting from chaetiger 4. Ventral fascicle of limbate chaetae replaced by paired bidentate subacicular hooks from chaetiger 9, hooks unequal, upper one thicker and longer than lower one (Fig. 2 D). Pectinate chaetae (Fig. 1 F) with wide shafts, combs slightly oblique with 16–18 teeth.</p> <p>Branchiae present as single filaments over short region, consisting in holotype of two segments on right side (chaetiger 21–22), four segments on left side (chaetiger 19–22). In larger paratypes (width 0.9–1.2 mm) branchiae starting on chaetigers 16–20, present until end of fragments (chaetiger 20–27), when best developed branchial filament about twice as long as dorsal cirrus (Fig. 2 D); two smallest paratypes (width 0.6 mm) without branchiae. Posterior end of worms and tubes unknown.</p> <p>Mandibles (Fig. 2 E) slender, moderately sized protomandibles; examined paratype lacking calcareous cutting plate. Maxillae (Fig. 2 F) lightly sclerotised, with distally slender forceps. Maxillary formula (based on one paratype): MI = 1 + 1; MII = 8 + 8; MIII = 7 + 0; MIV = 7 + 9; MV = 1 + 1.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Paradiopatra acirrata</i> <b>n. sp.</b> is the fourth species in the genus lacking peristomial cirri. It differs from <i>P. antarctica</i> (Monro, 1930) and <i>P. abyssalis</i> (Imajima, 1999) in having branchiae (vs. lacking). The third species, <i>P. gracilis</i> Imajima, 2009, has branchiae with up to three filaments and starting from chaetiger 8–10, whereas <i>P. acirrata</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, has single-filament branchiae starting after chaetiger 16.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name <i>acirrata</i> refers to the lack of peristomial cirri.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Paradiopatra acirrata</i> <b>n. sp.</b> was collected only in one station: 54 km ESE of Nowra, NSW, in 990– 996 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Paxton, Hannelore & Budaeva, Nataliya, 2013, Paradiopatra (Annelida: Onuphidae) from eastern Australian waters, with the description of six new species, pp. 140-164 in Zootaxa 3686 (2)</i> on pages 142-144, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/215601">http://zenodo.org/record/215601</a>
Rhamphobrachium (Minibrachium) fractum Paxton & Budaeva, 2015, n. sp.
No full textRhamphobrachium (Minibrachium) fractum n. sp. (Figs 2, 5) Rhamphobrachium (Rhamphobrachium) sp.— Paxton 1986 a: 19; 1986 b: 87. Type material. Holotype: AM W. 198965, Victoria, 112 km S of Lakes Entrance, 39 º00’00”S, 148 º 24 ’ 50 ”E, sta. 20 ‘Esso-Gipps’, sand, 95 m, coll. C. Phipps, May 1969. Paratypes: AM W. 47833 (2); AM W. 47834.001, W. 47835.001, W.47836.001, 3 specimens on SEM pins, same data as holotype; AM W. 198964 (2), Bass Strait, 39 º00’00”S, 148 º 30 ’00”E, sta. 19 ‘Esso-Gipps’, 126 m, coll. C. Phipps, 7–9 May 1969. Other material examined. MV F 43626 (1), Tasmania, eastern Bass Strait, 42 km SW of Babel Island, 40 º 14.4 ’S, 148 º40.0’E, sta. BSS 165 ‘Tangaroa’, fine sand, 60 m, Smith-McIntyre grab, coll. R. Wilson, 14 Nov 1981; MV F 43628 (9), Tasmania, eastern Bass Strait, 63 km E of North Point, Flinders Island, 39 º 44.8 ’S, 148 º 40.6 ’E, sta. BSS 167 ‘Tangaroa’, muddy sand, 124 m, Smith-McIntyre grab, coll. R. Wilson, 14 Nov 1981; MV F 43629 (13), Tasmania, eastern Bass Strait, 63 km E of North Point, Flinders Island, 39 º 44.8 ’S, 148 º 40.6 ’E, sta. BSS 167 ‘Tangaroa’, muddy sand, 124 m, WHOI epibenthic sled, coll. R. Wilson, 14 Nov 1981. Diagnosis. Small, up to 1.0 mm wide; diagnosis and description based on holotype and paratypes wider than 0.4 mm at chaetiger 10 excluding parapodia. Unidentate distally recurved spiny hooks on chaetigers 1 and 2; four to eight compound to pseudocompound subacicular hooks with spiny hoods on chaetiger 3, five to eight simple subacicular hooks from chaetiger 4, hoods becoming gradually less spiny, resembling typical subacicular hooks by about chaetiger 20; pectinate chaetae with 8–10 long teeth. Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri. Description. Holotype incomplete, measuring 11.5 mm in length for 38 chaetigers, 0.8 mm in width; only complete paratype 10 mm long for 58 chaetigers, 0.5 mm wide, incomplete paratypes 0.5–0.9 mm wide. Complete non-type specimens 4–20 mm long for 35–77 chaetigers, 0.3 –1.0 mm wide. Alcohol stored specimens overall cream-coloured, lacking colour pattern. Prostomium (Fig. 5 A) of holotype and most paratypes anteriorly shovel-nosed, two paratypes with indented frontal margin, representing partly formed frontal lips (Fig. 2 C). Ceratophores of palps and antennae with one to two proximal rings and one longer distal ring; ceratostyles short and subulate, palps reaching to peristomium or chaetiger 1, lateral and median antennae reaching to chaetiger 1. Nuchal grooves curved laterally, with narrow middorsal separation. One pair of small eyespots between bases of palps and lateral antennae. Peristomium slightly shorter than first chaetiger; peristomial cirri absent. First two pairs of parapodia modified, projecting anterolaterally, directed ventrally (Fig. 5 A). Neither of parapodia 1 and 2 fully extended, anterior ends inverted, hiding parapodial lobes. Unmodified parapodia lacking distinct parapodial lobes. Dorsal cirri subulate on anterior chaetigers, more posteriorly becoming digitate. Ventral cirri subulate on chaetiger 1 and 2, replaced by rounded ventral pads from chaetiger 3. Branchiae absent. Modified parapodia with three long, pseudocompound recurved hooks (Figs 2 D, 5 A). Shafts of hooks with two rows of long moveable spines below pseudoarticulation and irregularly distributed small spines along whole length of shaft, but more dense above pseudoarticulation; slight swelling before distal curvature of hook. Internal chaetal sacs to chaetiger 30. Unmodified parapodia from chaetiger 3, supported by two to three very thick aciculae. Limbate chaetae from chaetiger 3, decreasing in length from upper to lower position (Fig. 5 B). Spinigers absent. Four to eight compound (Fig. 2 E) to pseudocompound (Fig. 2 F) subacicular hooks with spiny hoods on chaetiger 3 (Fig. 5 C) (holotype with five compound and two pseudocompound hooks); five to eight simple subacicular hooks from chaetiger 4 (Figs 2 G, 5 D) (except in juveniles, measuring less than 0.3 mm in width). Hoods initially enclosing distal part of hooks more closely, gradually opening up, becoming smoother and changing to divided hoods, one on either side of distal part of hook by about chaetiger 20, resembling typical subacicular hooks; concurrent with morphological change, number of hooks becoming gradually reduced to two by chaetiger 20–25 (Fig. 5 E, F). Slightly oblique pectinate chaetae from chaetiger 13; with 8–10 long teeth, one lateral tooth twice as long, as other teeth (Fig. 5 G). Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri; dorsal pair longer than ventral one (Fig. 5 H). Fragile mucous tube without incrustations. Mandibles decalcified, only protomandibles visible. Maxillae very delicate, elements transparent, attachment areas between plates only areas of slight sclerotisation. Maxillary formula: MxI = 1 + 1; MxII = 5 + 8; MxIII = 6 +0; MxIV = 7 + 10; MxV = 1 + 1. Remarks. Rhamphobrachium (M.) fractum n. sp. and R. (M.) talboti n. sp. are much more similar to each other than to R. (M.) nutrix n. sp. described above. They are almost twice as large as the latter, have unidentate instead of bidentate distally recurved spiny hooks, multiple subacicular hooks from chaetiger 3 instead of only two from chaetiger 5, have two pairs instead of one pair of anal cirri and have pectinate chaetae with much longer teeth. The former two species differ from each other in that the subacicular hooks of chaetiger 3 are always simple in R. (M.) talboti n. sp. (Fig. 6 F) but compound to pseudocompound in R. (M.) fractum n. sp. (Fig. 5 C). This is a consistent characteristic that is not growth dependent as the smallest R. (M.) talboti n. sp. (11 mm for 67 chaetigers, 0.45 mm wide) presented only simple subacicular hooks on chaetiger 3. Furthermore, the pectinate chaetae of R. (M.) talboti n. sp. have 9–13 very long teeth (Fig. 6 K), while those of R. (M.) fractum n. sp. have 8–10 long teeth instead (Fig. 5 G). Etymology. The name is derived from fractus (break) in Latin and refers to the characteristic compound subacicular hooks on chaetiger 3. Biology. No brooding specimens were encountered. The smallest specimens in the mixed samples measured 3–4 mm in length for 35–40 chaetigers, 0.3 mm in width and are considered to be recently settled juveniles. These juveniles differ from the larger specimens described above in having compound to pseudocompound subacicular hooks not only on chaetiger 3, but also up to about chaetiger 20, and thereafter only simple ones. In other characteristics they are like larger specimens, except for having even less developed frontal lips and shorter modified parapodia. The distally recurved spiny hooks are not visible externally but are present internally with the chaetal sacs reaching to about chaetiger 20. Type locality. Pacific Ocean, 110 km S of Lake Entrance, Victoria; 39 º00’00”S, 148 º 24 ’ 50 ”E. Distribution. Bass Strait, Victoria and Tasmania, Australia; in 60–126 m depth.Published as part of Paxton, Hannelore & Budaeva, Nataliya, 2015, Minibrachium, a new subgenus of Rhamphobrachium (Annelida: Onuphidae) from Australia with the description of three new species, pp. 621-634 in Zootaxa 4019 (1) on pages 626-629, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/23329
Paradiopatra antarctica Budaeva & Fauchald 2011, COMB. NOV.
No full text<i>PARADIOPATRA ANTARCTICA</i> (MONRO, 1930) COMB. NOV. (FIGS 17 AND 18; TABLE 4) <p> <i>Leptoecia antarctica</i> Monro, 1930: 133–135, fig. 50a–i.</p> <p> <i>Paronuphis antarctica</i> Hartman, 1964: 117, pl. XXXIV, figs 13, 14; Hartman, 1967a: 96–97, pl. 31; Hartman, 1967b: 208; Averincev, 1972: 179.</p> <p> <i>Notonuphis antarctica</i> Kucheruk, 1978: 91–93,; Orensanz, 1990: 36–38, pl. 6, chart 1C; Paxton, 1986a: 35–36, fig. 21.</p> <p> <i>Non-type material examined:</i> USNM 058411, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 428 (20); USNM 097890, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 138 (two); USNM 097891, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 419 (eight); USNM 097892, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 426 (three); USNM 097893, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 432 (three); USNM 097894, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 444 (one); USNM 097895, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 539 (one); USNM 097896, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 1002 (12); USNM 097897, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 1078 (four); USNM 097898, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 1079 (10); USNM 097899, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 1082 (eight); USNM 097900, <i>Islas Orcada</i> St. 115, 60.54°S, 41.38°W, 576–671 m, 17 February 1976 (five); USNM 097901, <i>Hero</i> St. 17-1, 62.16°S, 57.74°W, 618–625 m, 1 April 1983 (one); USNM 097902, <i>Hero</i> St. 18-1, 62.69°S, 56.3°W, 218–248 m, 1 April 1983 (two); USNM 097903, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 428 (15); USNM 097904, <i>Eltanin</i> St. 997 (15); USNM, <i>Eastwind</i> St. 9 (33); St. 9A (one); St. 11 (seven); St. 15 (four); St. 31 (eight); St. 44 (three).</p> <p> <i>Type locality:</i> Southern Ocean, South Shetland Islands 63.292°S, 61.283°W, 1080 m, mud and stones (Monro, 1930).</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> First four pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound uni- and weakly bidentate falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods; ventral cirri subulate on first three chaetigers; subacicular hooks starting from chaetiger 9; branchiae absent; frontal lips large and spherical, located ventrally; eyes absent; peristomial cirri absent.</p> <p> <i>Description:</i> Most specimens lacking posterior regions; two complete specimens 1.3 and 1.5 mm wide consisting of 94 and 104 chaetigers, respectively. Width of all examined specimens varying from 1.2 to 1.6 mm. Colour of alcohol-preserved specimens light brownish, without distinct pattern.</p> <p>Prostomium rounded with large spherical, slightly flattened, frontal lips located ventrally (Fig. 17B). Palps reaching chaetiger 1, lateral antennae reaching chaetigers 6–8, median antenna short, reaching chaetigers 2 or 3. Both palpophores and antennophores with four or five prominent rings; lateral projections absent (Fig. 17A, B). Nuchal grooves slightly curved, covered by the anterior fold of peristomium. Eyes absent. Peristomium slightly shorter than first chaetiger. Peristomial cirri absent (Fig. 17A, B).</p> <p>First three pairs of parapodia modified, projecting lateroventrally and directing anteriorly (Fig. 17B). Prechaetal lobes rounded; postchaetal lobes digitiform to triangular (Fig. 17C), present on first eight chaetigers, later completely reducing. Ventral cirri subulate on first three chaetigers, later replaced by paired broad oval-to-square ventral glandular pads. All cirri and postchaetal lobes on anterior modified parapodia thick, with wide basal parts.</p> <p>Anterior four pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound uni- to weakly bidentate falcigers with indistinct subdistal teeth (Fig. 17C–E). Falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods. First three pairs of parapodia with one or two dorsal simple capillary chaetae and five or six pseudocompound falcigers (Fig. 17C). Fourth pair of parapodia with dorsal limbate chaetae, usually with only one pseudocompound falciger and three or four simple stout tapering chaetae. Parapodia with up to three or four dorsal, slender, simple limbate chaetae, and three or four ventral thick and stout limbate chaetae staring from chaetiger 5. Simple paired bidentate subacicular hooks starting from chaetiger 9. Pectinate chaetae with clearly oblique distal margin and up to 13–15 small teeth (Fig. 17F). Neuroaciculae pale with pointed tips, between three and five in fascicle. Notoaciculae absent in all parapodia.</p> <p>Branchiae absent. Mandibles thin with slender shafts. Cutting plates of all examined specimens missing. Maxillary formula of examined material (based on eight specimens): Mx I = 1 + 1; Mx II = 7– 9 + 7–11; Mx III = 8–10 + 0; Mx IV = 5–7 + 5–8; Mx V = 1 + 1. Maxillary formula according to Hartman (1967a): Mx I = 1 + 1; Mx II = 5 + 8; Mx III = 8 + 0; Mx IV = 7 + 8; Mx V = 1 + 1.</p> <p>Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri, dorsal cirri longer than ventral ones. Tubes long and rigid; cylindrical, with very tough inner layer and relatively thin external layer of mud particles.</p> <p> <i>Remarks: Paradiopatra abyssalis</i> comb. nov. and <i>P. minuta</i> comb. nov. are the two other species in the genus known to lack peristomial cirri and branchiae. <i>Paradiopatra antarctica</i> comb. nov. differs from <i>P. abyssalis</i> comb. nov. in having four pairs of anterior parapodia with pseudocompound falcigers rather than three, in having three chaetigers with subulate ventral cirri rather than two, and in lacking lateral projections on ceratophores rather than having them. <i>Paradiopatra antarctica</i> comb. nov. can be distinguished from <i>P. minuta</i> comb. nov. by having pseudocompound rather than simple anterior falcigers.</p> <p> <i>Distribution:</i> Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters, north-west of Antarctic Peninsula, South Shetland Islands, Falkland Islands (Fig. 18). Depth range 218–1427 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Budaeva, Nataliya & Fauchald, Kristian, 2011, Phylogeny of the Diopatra generic complex with a revision of Paradiopatra Ehlres, 1887 (Polychaeta: Onuphidae), pp. 319-436 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (2)</i> on pages 348-350, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00701.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5441262">http://zenodo.org/record/5441262</a>
Leptoecia midatlantica Budaeva, 2012, new species
No full text<i>Leptoecia midatlantica</i>, new species <p>Figs. 1–7, Tab. 3</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> NHMUK 2011.351 St. JC037/70, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (holotype); NHMUK 2011.352–361 St. JC037/70, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (11 paratypes); NHMUK 2011.362 St. JC037/ 70, 96% ethanol (1 paratype); NHMUK 2011.363–370 St. JC037/61, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (8 paratypes); NHMUK 2011.371, St. JC037/61, 96% ethanol (1 paratype); ZMBN 87901 St. JC037/61, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (2 paratypes); ZMBN 87902 St. JC037/61, 96% ethanol (1 paratype); ZMBN 87903 St. JC037/70, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (5 paratypes); ZMBN 87904 St. JC037/70, 96% ethanol (1 paratype).</p> <p> <b>Non type material examined.</b> ZMBN, RV <i>G. O Sars</i>, St. 368, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (1); NOCS, RRS <i>James Cook</i>: St. JC011/101, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (5); St. JC011/111, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (2); St. JC037/19, 96% ethanol (5); St. JC037/61, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (73); St. JC037/61, 96% ethanol (12); St. JC037/67, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (6); St. JC037/67, 96% ethanol (2); St. JC037/70, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (61); St. JC037/70, 96% ethanol (14); St. JC037/79, 4% formalin transferred to 70% ethanol (1); SIO, RRS <i>James Cook</i>: St. JC037/61, 96% ethanol (10); St. JC037/70, 96% ethanol (20).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> North Atlantic, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone, 54º13'N, 36º04'W – 54º10.5'N, 36º05'W, 2604–2615 m.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Both uni- and bidentate simple falcigers exclusively on the first pair of parapodia, rarely only bidentate falcigers present; falcigers straight, without subdistal reduction in diameter; subacicular hooks from chaetiger 28–39; dorsal cirri on all chaetigers; digitiform postchaetal lobes till chaetiger 8–16; peristomium half as long as first chaetiger; tubes always dorsoventrally flattened with longitudinal ribs along both sides</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Holotype, a complete specimen consisting of 66 chaetigers, 31 mm long and 0.93 mm wide. Other examined specimens varying from 0.69 mm to 1.31 mm in width and from 19 mm to 41 mm in length. Longest examined specimen consists of 81 chaetigers. All specimens yellowish, lacking colour pattern.</p> <p>Prostomium of variable shape, from distally pointed through conical or slightly bilobed, to distinctly bilobed with two hemispherical frontal lips (Fig. 2 A–E, 3A–F). Eyes absent. Nuchal groves absent (Fig. 3 E, G). Palps reaching chaetiger 1; lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 8 (5–13); median antenna longer and thicker than lateral antennae, reaching chaetiger 9 (7–16). Ceratophores consisting of 2 (1–3) rings equal in length (Fig. 2 B, 3E). Peristomium about half as long as the first chaetiger; peristomial cirri absent (Fig. 2 B, 3E).</p> <p>First anterior pair of parapodia modified, prolonged, projecting lateroventrally and directing anteriorly, with auricular prechaetal lobes, knob-like postchaetal lobes and subulate dorsal and ventral cirri (Fig. 3 F, 4A, B). Second pair of parapodia with short and rounded prechaetal lobes, subulate postchaetal lobes and dorsal and ventral cirri (Fig. 4 C, 5A). Subulate ventral cirri replaced by flattened round glandular pads from chaetiger 3 (Fig. 2 A, 4D, 5B). Dorsal cirri present on all chaetigers including the posteriormost ones, subulate on anterior parapodia and decreasing in length posteriorly (Fig. 2 I–L, 3I, K). Postchaetal lobes subulate to digitiform on first 13 (8–16) chaetigers (Fig. 5 C), completely disappearing posteriorly. Branchiae absent (Fig. 3 B).</p> <p>First pair of parapodia with simple uni- and bidentate falcigers, rarely only bidentate falcigers present; capillary, limbate or pectinate chaetae absent. Anterior falcigers with short, distally blunt paired hoods and without subdistal reduction in diameter (Fig. 5 D–H, 6D–G). Limbate (Fig. 5 I) and pectinate (Fig. 5 J–L) chaetae arranged in two fascicles starting from chaetiger 2: dorsal fascicle with 5–8 pectinate chaetae and 1–2 limbate chaetae, ventral fascicle with 3–4 limbate chaetae (Fig. 4 C–G). Simple bidentate subacicular hooks (Fig. 5 M– O, 6H) starting from chaetiger 38 (28–39) within the ventral fascicle of limbate chaetae (Fig. 4 H–J). Appearance of first subacicular hooks not size-dependent in the specimens examined (Fig. 7 A). Compound subacicular hooks representing juvenile condition in few posteriormost chaetigers (Fig. 5 P). Ventral limbate chaetae present in all posterior parapodia. Pectinate chaetae flat with straight distal margins and up to ten denticles. Aciculae yellow with pointed tips, 1–3 per parapodium (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Mandibles with almost straight distal margins (Fig. 2 G, 3F). Maxillae weakly sclerotized; carriers longer than wide; distal parts of MxI pointed, dark brown in colour (Fig. 2 F). Maxillary formula (based on 3 specimens): MxI=1+1; MxII=13–18+13–17; MxIII=10–13+0; MxIV=10–12+11–17. Maxillae V absent.</p> <p>Pygidium conical, covered with glandular buds (Fig. 3 H–J), with anus opening dorsally (Fig. 2 I–L). Number of anal cirri varying from 2 to 5, but most examined specimens (90%) with two anal cirri (Fig. 2 H–L, 3H, I).</p> <p>Tubes translucent, thin-walled, dorsoventrally flattened with distinct longitudinal thickened ribs along both lateral margins. Holotype containing spherical oocytes in its body cavity around chaetigers 19–28.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Leptoecia midatlantica</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> can be distinguished from its congeners by the presence of both uni- and bidentate simple falcigers on the first pair of parapodia. However this character was variable in the studied material. Some specimens displayed the presence of only bidentate falcigers, but never only unidentate falcigers. <i>L. midatlantica</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> is similar to <i>L. benthaliana</i> in having falcigers on the first chaetiger only, dorsal cirri on all parapodia, and subacicular hooks starting in the middle of the body (around chaetiger 35). Orensanz (1990) examined ca. 60 specimens of <i>L. benthaliana</i> describing the variation in the shape of the prostomium (slightly bilobed or pointed) and shape of the tube (circular in cross section or with lateral ribs on one or both sides). The examined specimens of <i>L. midatlantica</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> also demonstrated the variation in the shape of the prostomium and the variable degree of frontal and upper lips development. Among 74 specimens examined, 42 had a slightly or noticeably bilobed prostomium (Fig. 2 A, B, E, 3E, F) and 32 had a conical or pointed prostomium (Fig. 2 C, D, 3A, D). All examined specimens had flattened tubes; no tubes circular in cross-section were found in the studied material. <i>L. midatlantica</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> can be distinguished from <i>L. benthaliana</i> by the shape of anterior falcigers. In <i>L. benthaliana</i> all falcigers independently on their size have subdistal reduction in their diameter (Orensanz 1990) (Fig. 6 A–C), whereas in <i>L. midatlantica</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> falcigers uniform in their diameter throughout (Fig. 6 D–G).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Leptoecia midatlantica</i> <b>sp. nov.,</b> is known from the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from the north off the Azores to the southern tip of the Reykjanes ridge (Fig. 1). Depth range 2107–2754 m.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name, <i>midatlantica</i>, refers to the geographical range of the new species that was reported from the deep-sea habitats of the northern part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.</p>Published as part of <i>Budaeva, Nataliya, 2012, Leptoecia midatlantica, a new species of the deep-sea quill-worms (Polychaeta: Onuphidae: Hyalinoeciinae) from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, pp. 45-60 in Zootaxa 3176</i> on pages 51-57, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/279913">10.5281/zenodo.279913</a>
Paradiopatra spinosa Paxton & Budaeva, 2013, n. sp.
No full text<i>Paradiopatra spinosa</i> n. sp. <p>Figures 10, 11; Table 2</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Type material—Holotype (AM W36461) Bass Canyon, 38.573ºS 148.659ºE, RV <i>Southern Surveyor</i>, coll. D. Cummings and S. Holmes, 13 Oct 2009, 1600 m, beam trawl; SLOPE 17: 1 paratype (MV F189437); SLOPE 27: 1 paratype (MV F189438); SLOPE 55: 2 paratypes (MV F189439); 1 paratype (AM W43547); SLOPE 69: 1 paratype mounted for SEM (AM W43553.001).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Pacific Ocean, off eastern Australia, Bass Canyon, 38.573ºS, 148.659ºE, 1600 m.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Ovoid frontal lips; ceratophores without lateral projections; peristomial cirri present; first 2–3 pairs of parapodia with pseudocompound, tridentate falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods, with almost smooth shafts and appendages; very long, spinose aciculae, extending as far as falcigers; subacicular hooks equal, starting from chaetiger 12–13; branchiae absent; delicate protomandibles.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> All examined specimens lacking posterior ends. Length of holotype 43 mm in length, partially in tube; anterior 31 mm of worm (41 chaetigers) free of tube, median 9 mm in tube, posterior 3 mm exposed, width 1.6 mm (at chaetiger 10, excluding parapodia); paratypes ranging from 19–60 mm long (34–84 chaetigers), 0.9–1.1 mm wide. Alcohol stored specimens cream-coloured, lacking colour pattern.</p> <p>Prostomium anteriorly rounded, wider than long, with paired ovoid frontal lips, separated by gap (Fig. 10 A– C). All palps, antennae and cirri ending in very fine tips. Palps of holotype reaching chaetiger 1; lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 3; median antenna reaching chaetiger 2; palps and antennae of most paratypes in poor condition with some antennostyles overly extended or missing, giving distorted values, thus palps reaching chaetiger 1–2, lateral antennae reaching chaetiger 1–6, median antenna reaching chaetiger 1–5. Palpostyles much thicker than antennostyles (Fig. 10 B, C). Ceratophores lacking lateral projections; lateral antennae of holotype with five rings, median with four, distal ring about twice as long as proximal ones. Ceratophores of most paratypes ranging from almost smooth to indistinctly ringed, with 3–5 rings for lateral and 3 rings for median antenna. Nuchal grooves short but wide, slightly curved. Eyes absent. Peristomium slightly shorter than first chaetiger. Peristomial cirri slender, about 2/3 length of peristomium, inserted subdistally.</p> <p>First 2–3 pairs of parapodia modified, projecting anterolaterally, directed slightly ventrally. Prechaetal lobes rounded on all parapodia; postchaetal lobes long and subulate in first four chaetigers, decreasing rapidly in size, absent from chaetiger 11 (10–11). Dorsal cirri subulate and very long on anterior three chaetigers (Fig. 11 A–C), becoming gradually shorter, present as tiny subulate structures until end of fragments. Ventral cirri subulate on first 3 (3–4) chaetigers, then shorter with blunt end on next chaetiger, before changing to ovoid ventral glandular pads (Fig. 10 C).</p> <p>Parapodia supported by 3–4 long spinose aciculae, projecting from prechaetal lobe as far as falcigers and limbate chaetae (Fig. 11 A–C). First two pairs of parapodia with dorsal fascicle of 1–2 simple spinose limbate chaetae and ventral fascicle of 3–5 tridentate pseudocompound falcigers with moderately long pointed hoods; shafts and appendages of falcigers almost smooth (Fig. 10 D, E). Tip of falcigers with knob-like terminal tooth and two subterminal teeth (Fig. 11 D, E); in some cases subterminal teeth are closely spaced (Fig. 11 F) resembling a single larger tooth, giving bidentate appearance (Figs 10 E, 11G). Two fascicles of simple limbate chaetae starting from chaetiger 3; chaetiger 3 of holotype and most paratypes with one tridentate falciger (Fig. 11 C), one paratype with a falciger present on left side only, and one paratype lacking falcigers on chaetiger 3 completely. From chaetiger 4 falcigers absent in all specimens. Ventral fascicle of limbate chaetae replaced by paired bidentate subacicular hooks from chaetiger 12 (12–13), hooks about equal in length and thickness (Fig. 11 H). Pectinate chaetae slightly oblique with 17–20 teeth. Branchiae absent. Posterior end unknown. Tube cylindrical, with inner soft secreted layer and outer layer of grey mud particles.</p> <p>Mandibles (Fig. 11 I) slender, moderately sized protomandibles; paratype examined lacking calcified cutting plate. Maxillae (Fig. 11 J) lightly sclerotized, with very slender MI. Maxillary formula (based on one paratype): MI = 1 + 1; MII = 9 + 12; MIII = 10 + 0; MIV = 6 + 6; MV = 1 + 1.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The similarities of <i>P. s p i n o s a</i> to other species with two or two to three pairs of parapodia with falcigers have been discussed in the Remarks on <i>P. longicappa</i>. Furthermore, <i>P. s p i n o s a</i> can be distinguished from that and all other species in the genus by its unusually long and spinose aciculae. In most species of <i>Paradiopatra</i> the aciculae of the modified parapodia extend slightly or to about half the length of the falcigers from the presetal lobe. In <i>P. spinosa</i>, however, they extend as far as the falcigers and limbate chaetae (Figs 10 D, 11A–C).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The name <i>spinosa</i> refers to the spinose aciculae and limbate chaetae, particularly those of the modified parapodia.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> <i>Paradiopatra spinosa</i> <b>n. sp.</b>, was collected in two transects: south of Sydney, NSW and off eastern Victoria in Bass Strait, in 1500–2250 m, as well as Bass Canyon, during more recent sampling, in 1600 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Paxton, Hannelore & Budaeva, Nataliya, 2013, Paradiopatra (Annelida: Onuphidae) from eastern Australian waters, with the description of six new species, pp. 140-164 in Zootaxa 3686 (2)</i> on pages 154-157, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3686.2.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/215601">http://zenodo.org/record/215601</a>
Rhamphobrachium (Minibrachium) talboti Paxton & Budaeva, 2015, n. sp.
No full textRhamphobrachium (Minibrachium) talboti n. sp. (Figs 2, 6) Rhamphobrachium (Rhamphobrachium) sp.— Paxton 1986 a: 19, fig. 13 c; 1986 b: 87. Type material. Holotype: AM W. 198967, New South Wales, Sydney, off Palm Beach, 33 º 35 ’03”S, 151 º 21 ’ 30 ”E, 31 m, coll. F. Talbot et al., 17 Mar 1978; Paratypes: AM W. 47837 (1), same data as holotype; AM W. 47838.001, W.47839.001, 2 specimens on SEM pins, same data as holotype; AM W. 198966 (14), New South Wales, Sydney, off Palm Beach, 33 º 35 ’03”S, 151 º 21 ’ 30 ”E, 31 m, coll. F. Talbot et al., 10 Dec 1977. Diagnosis. Small, width up to 1.0 mm wide. Unidentate distally recurved spiny hooks on chaetigers 1 and 2; six to ten simple subacicular hooks with spiny hoods from chaetiger 3, hoods becoming gradually less spiny, resembling typical subacicular hooks by about chaetiger 20; pectinate chaetae with 9–13 very long teeth. Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri. Description. Holotype incomplete, measuring 27 mm in length for 72 chaetigers, 1.0 mm wide; complete paratypes ranging from 11–21 mm long for 67–110 chaetigers, 0.45 –1.0 mm wide. Alcohol stored specimens overall cream-coloured, lacking colour pattern. Anterior part of prostomium shovel-nosed, representing partly formed frontal lips (Fig. 6 A, B). Ceratophores of palps and antennae with one to two proximal rings and one longer distal ring; ceratostyles short and subulate, palps reaching to peristomium or chaetiger 1, lateral and median antennae reaching to chaetiger 1. Nuchal grooves curved laterally, with narrow middorsal separation. One pair of small eyespots between the bases of palps and lateral antennae. Peristomium shorter than first chaetiger; peristomial cirri absent. First two pairs of parapodia modified, projecting anterolaterally, directed ventrally (Fig. 6 B). Neither of parapodia 1 and 2 fully extended, anterior ends inverted, hiding parapodial lobes. Unmodified parapodia lacking distinct parapodial lobes. Dorsal cirri subulate on anterior chaetigers, more posteriorly becoming digitate. Ventral cirri subulate on chaetiger 1 and 2, replaced by rounded ventral pads from chaetiger 3 (Fig. 6 A, B). Branchiae absent. Modified parapodia with three long, pseudocompound recurved hooks. Shafts of hooks with two rows of long moveable spines below pseudoarticulation and irregularly distributed small spines along whole length of shaft, but more dense above pseudoarticulation; slight swelling before distal curvature of hook (Fig. 6 G–J). Internal chaetal sacs to chaetiger 30. Unmodified parapodia from chaetiger 3, supported by two to three very thick aciculae (Fig. 6 C, D). Limbate chaetae from chaetiger 3, decreasing in length from upper to lower position. Spinigers absent. Six to ten bidentate subacicular hooks with spiny hoods from chaetiger 3 (Fig. 6 E, F); hoods initially enclosing distal part of hooks more closely, gradually opening up (Fig. 6 C, D), becoming smoother and changing to divided hoods, one on either side of distal part of hook by about chaetiger 20, resembling typical subacicular hooks; concurrent with morphological change, number of hooks becoming gradually reduced to two per parapodium by chaetiger 20–30. Slightly oblique pectinate chaetae (Fig. 6 K) from chaetiger 13; with 9–13 extremely long teeth, gradually decreasing in length from one side of comb to other. Pygidium with two pairs of anal cirri; dorsal pair longer than ventral one. Fragile mucous tube with attached sand grains. Jaws very delicate and fragile. Mandibles (Fig. 2 H) with long, slender shafts; cutting plates relatively small, covered with thin layer of calcium, protomandibles clearly visible. Maxillae (Fig. 2 I) extracted only partially due to their delicate nature; elements almost transparent, hardly sclerotised. Incomplete maxillary formula: MxI = 1 + 1; MxII = 9 + 10; MxIII = 7 +0; other elements not observed. Remarks. Rhamphobrachium (M.) fractum n. sp. is most similar to R. (M.) talboti n. sp. described above, where the relationships of the two species have been discussed. Etymology. It is a pleasure to dedicate this new species to Dr. Frank Talbot, former Director of the Australian Museum, under whose tenure Lizard Island Research Station was established, and who collected the material with his students. Biology. No brooding specimens were encountered and hence we have no evidence that the specimens examined are adults. However, since they were collected at the same site three months apart with a similar size distribution and the chaetal characteristics showed no size dependent variations, we feel justified to assume that the larger specimens were fully grown. Type locality. Pacific Ocean, off Palm Beach, Sydney, New South Wales; 33 º 35 ’03”S, 151 º 21 ’ 30 ”E. Distribution. This species is only known from off Palm Beach, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; in 31 m depth.Published as part of Paxton, Hannelore & Budaeva, Nataliya, 2015, Minibrachium, a new subgenus of Rhamphobrachium (Annelida: Onuphidae) from Australia with the description of three new species, pp. 621-634 in Zootaxa 4019 (1) on pages 629-631, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.21, http://zenodo.org/record/23329
- …
