6,477 research outputs found
Soil amendment with Chenopodium album mitigated the deleterious effects of Fusarium wilt in chilies by modulating the biochemical and physiological attributes
No full textThe use of synthetic fungicides to control Fusarium wilt disease in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici (Foc) has detrimental effects, indicating the need for nature friendly alternatives. So, in the present study, antifungal activity of Chenopodium album L. was investigated against the Fusarium wilt of chilies under pot conditions, employing 2 concentrations of C. album and Foc. The treatments were also included to investigate the individual effects of dead Foc (DFoc) as well as C. album to evaluate their effects on the morphological, biochemical and physiological attributes of chili plants. One percent of C. album concentration exhibited positive allelopathy, thereby significantly controlled the wilt disease in chili plants, leading to increases in plant height, dry biomass, chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyll b (Chl b), and carotenoid content by 20, 13, 43, 35, and 8%, respectively, as compared to Foc1. Additionally, the C. album amendment spiked the activities of antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), by 13, 20, and 26%, respectively, and significantly enhanced the photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and intercellular CO2 (Ci) by 20, 29, 20, and 4%, respectively, in comparison to chili plants inoculated with Foc1
Fixed point results in cone metric spaces for contractions of Zamfirescu type
No full textWe prove a result on points of coincidence and common fixed points in cone metric spaces for two self mappings satisfying a weak generalized contractive condition of Zamfirescu type. We deduce some results on
common fixed points for two self mappings satisfying a weak contractive type condition. These results generalize some well-known recent results
CMOS integrated wideband, flexible and scalable beamforming architecture
No full textAbstract
This thesis presents the concepts and implementation of subarrays that offer flexible, scalable, and reconfigurable solutions for building large-scale arrays. Large-scale multi-beam phased array systems often experience inter-beam interference caused by independent subarrays. This interference must be cancelled either in analog and/or digital domains. Implementing interference rejection in the analog domain can relax the ADC dynamic range and reduce the number of required ADC bits. However, in broadband systems like 5G, rejecting interference over a wide bandwidth is challenging due to radio channel properties and receiver chain non-idealities. This work introduces a wideband architecture for mmWave to cover multiple frequency bands for future communication scenarios. The receiver architecture involves a two-stage beamforming approach for the multi-beam system. In the first stage, the subarray mmWave front-end covers the 5G NR bands (25–62 GHz) and improves the SNR by combining signals from antenna elements, providing spatial filtering. In the second stage, the system aims to implement a flexible inter-beam interference cancellation (IBIC) or combining signals from independent subarrays by utilizing an IF receiver (IF-RX) chip. The IF-RX chip offers interference rejection or a wideband signal combining between the subarrays. The interference rejection performance was measured over-the-air (OTA) using 5G NR signals. The results showed a rejection of 34–37 dB for 50–100 MHz signals while meeting the EVM requirements of the 5G NR standards with good margins. Finally, the interference rejections over a 4 x 100 MHz carrier-aggregated 5G NR waveform was demonstrated.
This work also proposes building large-scale phased array panels using grid-based PCB routing using chip-to-chip (C2C) interfaces. The implemented subarray RFIC features four 27 GHz C2C interfaces, two 9 GHz C2C interfaces, and a complex BB with > 400 MHz single-sided bandwidth. C2C interfaces use a frequency conversion module for signal combining/distribution. The subarray RFIC's module enables different modes of operation through an IF routing matrix, providing high reconfigurability. The frequency conversion can support horizontal and vertical combinations of signals in a large-scale panel. It can be used for IBIC in the BB domain, demonstrating the practical applications of the proposed system design. Original papers Akbar, R., Klumperink, E. A. M., Tervo, N., Javed, M. Y., Stadius, K., Rahkonen, T., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). A wideband IF receiver module for flexibly scalable mmWave beamforming combining and interference cancellation. ESSCIRC 2019 - IEEE 45th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC.2019.8902869 https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC.2019.8902869 Self-archived version Akbar, R., Shaheen, R. A., Rahkonen, T., Tze, C., Stadius, K., & Pärssinen, A. (2021). A 38.5-to-60.5 GHz LNA with wideband combiner supporting cartesian beamforming architecture. ESSCIRC 2021 - IEEE 47th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC53450.2021.9567865 https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC53450.2021.9567865 Self-archived version Akbar, R., Klumperink, E. A. M., Tervo, N., Stadius, K., Rahkonen, T., & Pärssinen, A. (2023). A wideband IF receiver chip for flexibly scalable mmWave subarray combining and interference rejection. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(12), 5482–5497. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3279919 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3279919 Self-archived version Sethi, A., Akbar, R., Hietanen, M., Aikio, J. P., Kursu, O., Jokinen, M., Leinonen, M. E., Rahkonen, T., & Pärssinen, A. (2023). Chip-to-chip interfaces for large-scale highly configurable mmWave phased arrays. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 58(7), 1987–2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2023.3273502 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2023.3273502 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
Tässä väitöskirjassa esitetään konsepteja ja erimerkkiratkaisuja joustavien ja uudelleenkonfiguroitavien keilanmuodostusjärjestelmien toteutukseen käyttämällä useita aliryhmiä ja lähetinvastaanottimia. Ensimmäinen arkkitehtuuri käyttää kaksiasteista keilanmuodostus-prosessia ja pystyy tuottamaan näin useita yhtäaikaisia keiloja, joiden välinen interferenssi voidaan minimoida toisessa asteessa joko välitaajuudella (IF) tai kantataajuudella, tai summata useita keiloja signaalikohinasuhteen parantamiseksi. Esitetty ratkaisu käyttää mmWave-alueella toimivia aliryhmiä, sekä integroituja IF-vastaanottimia, joiden avulla keiloja voidaan painottaa. Erityisesti työssä esitetään ratkaisu, jossa IBI:ä voidaan pienentää alikanava kerrallaan laajan yhteiskaistanleveyden saavuttamiseksi. Konseptia demonstroidaan laboratoriomittauksin ilmarajapinnan (OTA) yli käyttämällä 5G NR-aaltomuotoja. OTA-mittauksissa saavutetaan 34–37 dB yhteisisolaatio keilojen välille 50–100 MHz kaistanleveydellä, samalla säilyttäen hyvän virhevektorin arvon. Myös monen erillisen kantoaallon aggregoivassa skenaariossa saadaan erinomaiset tulokset. Työssä esitetään myös kalibrointimenetelmä keilojen välisen interferenssin nollaavien painokertoimien löytämiseen ilman signaalin demodulointia. Toteutettu IF-vastaanotinpiiri mahdollistaa myös suodatuksen ennen analogiadigitaali muunninta, hyvän lineaarisuuden sekä pienen kohinaluvun.
Työn toinen osio tarkastelee modulaarista aliryhmien yhdistämisarkkitehtuuria, jossa eri RFIC-piirien signaalit summataan käyttäen ruudukkopohjaista yhdistämisarkkitehtuuria. Ratkaisu perustuu piirien väliseen (C2C) rajapintaan, jossa signaalia voidaan reitittää eri RFIC-piirien läpi piirilevyllä (PCB) joustavasti ja näin toteuttaa suuria antennipaneeleita. Aliryhmiin toteutettu RFIC sisältää neljä C2C-rajapintaa, jotka toimivat 27 GHz taajuusalueella, kaksi 9 GHz välitaajuudella toimivaa C2C-rajapintaa, sekä kantataajuisen 400 MHz leveän IQ-osan. Arkkitehtuuri sisältää taajuuskonversiomoduulit pystyruoriin reitityksiin sekä signaalien summaukseen ja mahdollistaa erilaiset toimintamoodit signaalien yhdistämiseen, keilanmuodostukseen, sekä monen keilan yhtäaikaiseen tuottamiseen käyttämällä niin sanottua IF-reititysmatriisia. Työssä demonstroidaan osaa näistä moodeista yhdistämällä kaksi RFIC-aliryhmää PCB-toteutuksella. Mittaukset tehdään kapeakaistaisella siniaallolla sekä laajakaistaisella 5G NR-aaltomuodolla. Tulosten perustella voidaan todeta, että käytetty taajuuskonversiomoduuli tukee signaalien yhdistelyä ruudukkomaisessa reititysrakenteessa. Osajulkaisut Akbar, R., Klumperink, E. A. M., Tervo, N., Javed, M. Y., Stadius, K., Rahkonen, T., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). A wideband IF receiver module for flexibly scalable mmWave beamforming combining and interference cancellation. ESSCIRC 2019 - IEEE 45th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), 213–216. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC.2019.8902869 https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC.2019.8902869 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Akbar, R., Shaheen, R. A., Rahkonen, T., Tze, C., Stadius, K., & Pärssinen, A. (2021). A 38.5-to-60.5 GHz LNA with wideband combiner supporting cartesian beamforming architecture. ESSCIRC 2021 - IEEE 47th European Solid State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), 199–202. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC53450.2021.9567865 https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC53450.2021.9567865 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Akbar, R., Klumperink, E. A. M., Tervo, N., Stadius, K., Rahkonen, T., & Pärssinen, A. (2023). A wideband IF receiver chip for flexibly scalable mmWave subarray combining and interference rejection. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(12), 5482–5497. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3279919 https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3279919 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Sethi, A., Akbar, R., Hietanen, M., Aikio, J. P., Kursu, O., Jokinen, M., Leinonen, M. E., Rahkonen, T., & Pärssinen, A. (2023). Chip-to-chip interfaces for large-scale highly configurable mmWave phased arrays. IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 58(7), 1987–2004. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2023.3273502 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2023.3273502 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu for public defence in Auditorium F101 of the Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine (Aapistie 7), on 26 September 2024, at 12 noonAbstract
This thesis presents the concepts and implementation of subarrays that offer flexible, scalable, and reconfigurable solutions for building large-scale arrays. Large-scale multi-beam phased array systems often experience inter-beam interference caused by independent subarrays. This interference must be cancelled either in analog and/or digital domains. Implementing interference rejection in the analog domain can relax the ADC dynamic range and reduce the number of required ADC bits. However, in broadband systems like 5G, rejecting interference over a wide bandwidth is challenging due to radio channel properties and receiver chain non-idealities. This work introduces a wideband architecture for mmWave to cover multiple frequency bands for future communication scenarios. The receiver architecture involves a two-stage beamforming approach for the multi-beam system. In the first stage, the subarray mmWave front-end covers the 5G NR bands (25–62 GHz) and improves the SNR by combining signals from antenna elements, providing spatial filtering. In the second stage, the system aims to implement a flexible inter-beam interference cancellation (IBIC) or combining signals from independent subarrays by utilizing an IF receiver (IF-RX) chip. The IF-RX chip offers interference rejection or a wideband signal combining between the subarrays. The interference rejection performance was measured over-the-air (OTA) using 5G NR signals. The results showed a rejection of 34–37 dB for 50–100 MHz signals while meeting the EVM requirements of the 5G NR standards with good margins. Finally, the interference rejections over a 4 x 100 MHz carrier-aggregated 5G NR waveform was demonstrated.
This work also proposes building large-scale phased array panels using grid-based PCB routing using chip-to-chip (C2C) interfaces. The implemented subarray RFIC features four 27 GHz C2C interfaces, two 9 GHz C2C interfaces, and a complex BB with > 400 MHz single-sided bandwidth. C2C interfaces use a frequency conversion module for signal combining/distribution. The subarray RFIC's module enables different modes of operation through an IF routing matrix, providing high reconfigurability. The frequency conversion can support horizontal and vertical combinations of signals in a large-scale panel. It can be used for IBIC in the BB domain, demonstrating the practical applications of the proposed system design.Tiivistelmä
Tässä väitöskirjassa esitetään konsepteja ja erimerkkiratkaisuja joustavien ja uudelleenkonfiguroitavien keilanmuodostusjärjestelmien toteutukseen käyttämällä useita aliryhmiä ja lähetinvastaanottimia. Ensimmäinen arkkitehtuuri käyttää kaksiasteista keilanmuodostus-prosessia ja pystyy tuottamaan näin useita yhtäaikaisia keiloja, joiden välinen interferenssi voidaan minimoida toisessa asteessa joko välitaajuudella (IF) tai kantataajuudella, tai summata useita keiloja signaalikohinasuhteen parantamiseksi. Esitetty ratkaisu käyttää mmWave-alueella toimivia aliryhmiä, sekä integroituja IF-vastaanottimia, joiden avulla keiloja voidaan painottaa. Erityisesti työssä esitetään ratkaisu, jossa IBI:ä voidaan pienentää alikanava kerrallaan laajan yhteiskaistanleveyden saavuttamiseksi. Konseptia demonstroidaan laboratoriomittauksin ilmarajapinnan (OTA) yli käyttämällä 5G NR-aaltomuotoja. OTA-mittauksissa saavutetaan 34–37 dB yhteisisolaatio keilojen välille 50–100 MHz kaistanleveydellä, samalla säilyttäen hyvän virhevektorin arvon. Myös monen erillisen kantoaallon aggregoivassa skenaariossa saadaan erinomaiset tulokset. Työssä esitetään myös kalibrointimenetelmä keilojen välisen interferenssin nollaavien painokertoimien löytämiseen ilman signaalin demodulointia. Toteutettu IF-vastaanotinpiiri mahdollistaa myös suodatuksen ennen analogiadigitaali muunninta, hyvän lineaarisuuden sekä pienen kohinaluvun.
Työn toinen osio tarkastelee modulaarista aliryhmien yhdistämisarkkitehtuuria, jossa eri RFIC-piirien signaalit summataan käyttäen ruudukkopohjaista yhdistämisarkkitehtuuria. Ratkaisu perustuu piirien väliseen (C2C) rajapintaan, jossa signaalia voidaan reitittää eri RFIC-piirien läpi piirilevyllä (PCB) joustavasti ja näin toteuttaa suuria antennipaneeleita. Aliryhmiin toteutettu RFIC sisältää neljä C2C-rajapintaa, jotka toimivat 27 GHz taajuusalueella, kaksi 9 GHz välitaajuudella toimivaa C2C-rajapintaa, sekä kantataajuisen 400 MHz leveän IQ-osan. Arkkitehtuuri sisältää taajuuskonversiomoduulit pystyruoriin reitityksiin sekä signaalien summaukseen ja mahdollistaa erilaiset toimintamoodit signaalien yhdistämiseen, keilanmuodostukseen, sekä monen keilan yhtäaikaiseen tuottamiseen käyttämällä niin sanottua IF-reititysmatriisia. Työssä demonstroidaan osaa näistä moodeista yhdistämällä kaksi RFIC-aliryhmää PCB-toteutuksella. Mittaukset tehdään kapeakaistaisella siniaallolla sekä laajakaistaisella 5G NR-aaltomuodolla. Tulosten perustella voidaan todeta, että käytetty taajuuskonversiomoduuli tukee signaalien yhdistelyä ruudukkomaisessa reititysrakenteessa
Isolation and identification of natural herbicidal compound from a plant pathogenic fungus, drechslera biseptata
No full textWeeds incur heavy losses in crop production. Use of agrochemicals is wide spread in weed management all over the world but all of these agrochemicals are associated with numerous undesired side effects. In recent years, there is emerging trend of exploring natural herbicides from plants and microbes. In this study, phytotoxic metabolites produced by phytopathogenic fungus Drechslera biseptata (Sacc. & Roum.) Richardson & Fraser were investigated for their herbicidal activity against Rumex dentatus L., a cosmopolitan noxious weed that causes enormous yield losses in different wheat varieties. For this aim, extracts (Ethanolic extract and partitioned ethanolic extracts), chromatographic fractions and main secondary metabolite, obtained from culture of D. biseptata were tested on R. dentatus. A phytotoxic pure compound was identified as di-(2-ethyl-hexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), by spectroscopic techniques [Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry (NMR)]. In leaf disk assay, DEHP at 0.5 μg μL-1 produced necrosis on weed but not on wheat leaves. On the other hand, synthetic herbicidal compound, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, used as positive control, produced necrotic spots at leaf discs of R. dentatus at concentration of 0.25 μg μL-1. The present investigation suggests the use of DEHP as natural herbicidal compound
◦ Unità dell’essere e superamento delle divisioni religiose nella visione di Akbar
No full textL’articolo analizza la visione religiosa e politica di Akbar (1542-1605), terzo imperatore della dinastia Mughal, noto per le sue politiche di inclusività e il suo tentativo di superare le divisioni religiose in un contesto culturale e confessionale straordinariamente variegato. Radicato nella tradizione sufi e ispirato dal principio di ṣulḥ-i kull ("pace con tutti"), Akbar sviluppò una concezione dell’unità dell’essere che informò le sue riforme amministrative e la sua visione di un impero fondato sulla coesistenza armoniosa tra comunità diverse. L’articolo indaga come Akbar abbia cercato di integrare prospettive religiose differenti in un quadro unitario, evidenziando le implicazioni di questa visione per la costruzione di una specifica identità imperiale
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF DRYOPTERIS NIGROPALEACEA PLANT POWDER AGAINST FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AND ITS EFFECT ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF TOMATO UNDER POT CONDITIONS
No full textFungal pathogens in crops are being controlled by using synthetic fungicides, but all these fungicides have adverse effects. Herein, the antifungal activity of Dryopteris nigropaleacea (Dn.) and its allelopathy was investigated first time by soil amendment in pots against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) in terms of morpho-biochemical attributes at conidial densities of Fol 1, 2 and 3 (1×107, 2×107, and 3×107 CFU/mL). Morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis of fungal culture isolate (FI 3005) confirmed that our isolate resembled Fol with 98% similarity index with MW497420 F. oxysporum. High concentrations of plant powder of D. nigropaleacea were found to be inhibitory in nature. Incorporation of Dn 1 concentration (0.025%) of D. nigropaleacea was found to be the most feasible concentration as it resulted in an increase in morphological and biochemical parameters of tomato plants by decreasing the disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) by 60 and 65.2%, respectively, and by improving antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT). Area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was also reduced by 50% for both DI and DS in Dn 1 treated plants, when compared with Fol 3, after 80 days of inoculation
Myrmoteras agostii Bharti & Akbar 2014, sp.n.
No full textMyrmoteras agostii sp.n. (Figs. 1 - 3) Type material. Holotype and paratype (worker). INDIA: KERALA: Periyar tiger reserve, Manalar, 9 o 35`N, 77 o 18`E, 1630m a.m.s.l., 24.x.2011, hand picking, Coll. Shahid A. Akbar. Holotype and paratype deposited in PUAC. Measurements (holotype in brackets): TL 4.52-4.62(4.62), HW 1.03-1.05(1.05), HL 0.88-0.90(0.90), CI 116-117(116), ML 1.19-1.20(1.20), MI 133-135(133), SL 1.09-1.12(1.12), SI 105-106(106), EL 0.24-0.27(0.27), HFL 1.25-1.27(1.27), PTL 0.21-0.22(0.22), TWI 14-15(15), WL 1.24-1.27(1.27), EI 23-25(25), GL 1.00-1.01(1.01), PW 0.58-0.60 (0.60) (n=2). Description. Head 0.15 × as broad as long; blunt ridge on temple separates flat anterior from slightly convex posterior face; medial frontal sulcus deeply impressed posteriorly reaching anterior ocellus and anteriorly up to margin of frons; clypeus with anterior margin concave and posteriomedially prominently elevated; mandibles long with 14 teeth consisting of 4 large and 10 small teeth (mandibular teeth count include the preapical and apical denticles); maxillary palp 5- and labial with 3-segmented. Antennal scrobes indistinct; antennae with slender funiculus, each segment about 2x as long as broad. Mesosoma. Pronotum with high convex summit, higher than mesonotum; metanotum groove conspicuously impressed; propodeum highly convex. Legs with middle and hind tibiae slender. Metasoma. Petiole node moderately thick with steep anterior and posterior faces; ventral outline of petiole beneath the node convex. Gaster small and rounded. Sculpture. Head and occiput mostly smooth and shiny; three to four rugae originating posterio-medially of torulus; frons, temples and vertex smooth and shiny; mandibles smooth. Mesonotum dorsally with longitudinal rugae; propodeum with transverse striations. Gaster smooth and shiny. Vestiture. Body pilosity prominent, erect hairs (ca. 0.15mm) distributed evenly throughout its surface; body surface also with short suberect hairs. Apical funicular segments, mandibles and legs with small standing hairs. Colour. Body largely light brown. Legs, antennae, palpi and mandibles yellow; gaster pale yellow. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Donat Agosti for his contributions to the genus Myrmoteras Forel. Differential diagnosis. The new species shares most affinities with M. tonboli Agosti, 1992. The two species can be easily separated from each other by combination of following characters: In M. agostii sp.n., body is light brown coloured, mesonotum without any transverse rugae; propodeum and metanotum dorsally with transverse striations; pilosity prominent throughout the body, and mandibles relatively shorter (ML 1.20, MI 135) whilst M. tonboli, the body dark brown coloured; mesonotum dorsally with transverse rugae; propodeum dorsally smooth and shiny; pilosity reduced, and mandibles relatively longer (ML 1.64, MI 164). The new species is also somewhat close to M. cuneonodum Xu, 1998. The two species can be easily separated from each other by combination of following characters. In M. cuneonodum, head dorsum medially finely rugose, gena with short oblique rugae and petiolar node in lateral view with vertical anterior face and steep posterior slope; ventral outline of petiole beneath the node concave whilst M. agostii sp.n., head dorsum medially smooth, gena smooth and petiole node thick with steep anterior and posterior faces; ventral outline of petiole beneath the node convex.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Microsporogenesis and pollen abortion in Bruce plum (Prunus salicina x P. augustifolia)
No full textInvestigations were undertaken to determine the causes of high rate of pollen abortion in Bruce plum (Prunus salicina x P. angustifolia). Microspore and pollen development in the pollen-fertile Methley plum (P. salicina x P. cerasifera) was compared with the same process in Bruce plum. Difficulties in the pairing of homologous chromosomes in the microspore mother cell of Bruce plum and the abnormality in the subsequent meiotic mechanism such as irregular orientation of chromosomes at the metaphase plate during division I and unequal distribution and disorganized condition of haploid chromosomes during division II, appear to be the prime cause of the high rate of pollen abortion. This situation appears to be inherent to the Bruce plum variety which suggests that the P. salicina and P. angustifolia cross producing Bruce plum was a wide one. Occasionally, the nucleus of the microspore mother cell of Bruce plum showed an eccentric development of pachytene loops causing some chromatin material to remain outside the nuclear membrane. This irregularity in the behavior of meiotic chromosomes probably contributed to a lesser extent to the high rate of pollen abortion in the Bruce plum. Application of plant growth regulators under the conditions of the experiment failed to correct the defective meiotic mechanism in the Bruce plum anther. Moreover, gibberellic acid application, either singly or in combination with kinetin, accelerated the growth of tapetum cells. In some cases the tapetum cells occupied almost the entire space in the locule leaving no room for the development of microspores or pollen grains
Phase relations at 600 °C in ytterbium-palladium-indium system
No full textThe isothermal section of the ytterbium-palladium-indium phase diagram was constructed at 600 °C in the Pd < 60 at% region, as a result of X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The existence of a new ternary compound Yb5Pd2In was observed at this temperature, and its crystal structure was determined (structure type Mo5SiB2, space group I4/mcm, a =0.78820(2) nm, c = 1.41596(5) nm). Magnetic and thermodynamic properties of two ternary compositions YbPdIn4 and Yb17Pd50In33 were also investigated. Yb17Pd50In33 presents a stable trivalent Yb3+, whereas in YbPdIn4 the Yb ion is in a nearly divalent state
Are Re-Ranking in Retrieval-Augmented Generation Methods Impactful for Small Agriculture QA Datasets? A Small Experiment
No full textAgriculture requires accurate, location-specific information that would need the power of advanced Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) models. To this end, we perform an experimental analysis on how integrating re-ranking strategies and in-memory computing into RAG models might affect performance on small agriculture question-answering (QA) datasets. This method envisages to enable real-time ground-truth kind of answers for agro-informatics sake, the proposed approach is to assist enhance document relevance and lower response latency. We trained the system on a large-scale agriculture QA dataset using high-level components like the Sentence Transformer for embedding generation, FAISS for fast vector search and a pre-trained language model for response generation. This is to keep the documents returned highly relevant, and zero-shot classification was used for re-ranking techniques. The efficacy of their algorithm across a range of QDMR transformation tasks was evaluated, and the experiment evaluation showed that rereading did not significantly increase performance over baselines. But the in-memory computing with FAISS greatly reduced retrieval latency which makes it appropriate for real-time applications in agriculture QA systems
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