2,500 research outputs found
Income and health differentials in Italian context: differences and relationships
No full textSituations of significant health inequalities in the different socio-economic groups are documented in many countries (Cavelaars, 1988; Costa et al. 2004, WHO 2008). The most convincing empirical results are found in works with an epidemiological basis, which show how different material, social and stress conditions are able to explain differences in morbidity and mortality related to specific diseases found among population groups (Barnett et al., 2004, Kim and Kim 2015). Situations of significant inequality in mortality, morbidity and, in general, in health needs are documented also in Italy (Biggeri et al., 1998; Bar-rella Spandonaro 2002; Cadum et al. 1999; Michelozzi et al. 1999; Rapiti et al. 1999; SLto 1999, 2004; Valerio Vitullo 2000, (Testi et al. 2005, Testi e Ivaldi 2005, 2011, Ivaldi e Testi 2012) although health is a variable that always has a certain measurement complexity.
Since there are multiple variables related to health, individual correlations may change in intensity and direction depending on the context of application and are often affected by problems of interactions between the variables and of non-linearity of the relationships (Fuchs 2004).
It is therefore necessary to measure the state of health through a set of varia-bles or partial indicators, on a geographical basis, in order to take better ac-count of their multidimensional nature, trying to grasp as many gradations and components as possible, thus leading to excellent results in the evaluation of the life standards of a society by policy-makers and by ordinary citizens as well.
The indices are constructed on a geographic basis, one of the few operational tools available to measure in a concise and precise manner the health differ-ences in a given territory. (Ivaldi and Testi, 2011). Moreover, they have the ad-vantage of being inexpensive, because they can be inferred directly from the census data, and transparent, because they are based on objective infor-mation, readily available, and that use the same survey criteria (Carstairs and Morris 1991). The use of health indices on a geographical basis, however, bears the implicit assumption that the characteristics of an individual derive from the area they belong to and that there is a "context effect" (Macintyre S. et al. 2002), namely that the conditions in which a person lives are able to de-termine the risks of morbidity and mortality as well as every other condition.
The analysis of the literature offers several solutions to derive a priori what should be the most appropriate variables to be included in an indicator (Jarman 1983, 1984; Carstairs and Morris 1991, Townsend et al 1988). The choice of var-iables depends on several considerations. However, some common practices can be highlighted; in particular, the availability of data influences the choice of variables to be included and so, ultimately, the composition of the indicator it-self (Grasso 2002; Ivaldi 2006; Ivaldi e Di Gennaro 2011, Soliani et. al 2011, Munda 2012).
The specific purpose of this paper is to propose an indicator that is able to explain the geographical variability of health, linking it with the disposable in-come in order to verify the existing relationships described in the literature.
The source of the data is the 2015 publication by the Italian Institute of Statis-tics (ISTAT): "Fair and Sustainable Well-being (BES)". The database contains a set of indicators, created in 2010, following an initiative by the National Council for Economy and Labour and by the National Institute of Statistics. The BES (Fair and Sustainable Well-being, the name given to the project) is based large-ly on the OECD framework and on findings by the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Com-mission. (CNEL-ISTAT, 2012, 2013, Stiglitz et al 2009). Among the intentions of the BES there is a measurement of fairness by reference to appropriate statis-tical indicators in 12 different dimensions for a total of 128 indicators. One of the dimensions analysed is, of course, health
Income and health differentials in Italian context: differences and relationships
No full textSituations of significant health inequalities in the different socio-economic groups are documented in many countries (Cavelaars, 1988; Costa et al. 2004, WHO 2008). The most convincing empirical results are found in works with an epidemiological basis, which show how different material, social and stress conditions are able to explain differences in morbidity and mortality related to specific diseases found among population groups (Barnett et al., 2004, Kim and Kim 2015). Situations of significant inequality in mortality, morbidity and, in general, in health needs are documented also in Italy (Biggeri et al., 1998; Bar-rella Spandonaro 2002; Cadum et al. 1999; Michelozzi et al. 1999; Rapiti et al. 1999; SLto 1999, 2004; Valerio Vitullo 2000, (Testi et al. 2005, Testi e Ivaldi 2005, 2011, Ivaldi e Testi 2012) although health is a variable that always has a certain measurement complexity.
Since there are multiple variables related to health, individual correlations may change in intensity and direction depending on the context of application and are often affected by problems of interactions between the variables and of non-linearity of the relationships (Fuchs 2004).
It is therefore necessary to measure the state of health through a set of varia-bles or partial indicators, on a geographical basis, in order to take better ac-count of their multidimensional nature, trying to grasp as many gradations and components as possible, thus leading to excellent results in the evaluation of the life standards of a society by policy-makers and by ordinary citizens as well.
The indices are constructed on a geographic basis, one of the few operational tools available to measure in a concise and precise manner the health differ-ences in a given territory. (Ivaldi and Testi, 2011). Moreover, they have the ad-vantage of being inexpensive, because they can be inferred directly from the census data, and transparent, because they are based on objective infor-mation, readily available, and that use the same survey criteria (Carstairs and Morris 1991). The use of health indices on a geographical basis, however, bears the implicit assumption that the characteristics of an individual derive from the area they belong to and that there is a "context effect" (Macintyre S. et al. 2002), namely that the conditions in which a person lives are able to de-termine the risks of morbidity and mortality as well as every other condition.
The analysis of the literature offers several solutions to derive a priori what should be the most appropriate variables to be included in an indicator (Jarman 1983, 1984; Carstairs and Morris 1991, Townsend et al 1988). The choice of var-iables depends on several considerations. However, some common practices can be highlighted; in particular, the availability of data influences the choice of variables to be included and so, ultimately, the composition of the indicator it-self (Grasso 2002; Ivaldi 2006; Ivaldi e Di Gennaro 2011, Soliani et. al 2011, Munda 2012).
The specific purpose of this paper is to propose an indicator that is able to explain the geographical variability of health, linking it with the disposable in-come in order to verify the existing relationships described in the literature.
The source of the data is the 2015 publication by the Italian Institute of Statis-tics (ISTAT): "Fair and Sustainable Well-being (BES)". The database contains a set of indicators, created in 2010, following an initiative by the National Council for Economy and Labour and by the National Institute of Statistics. The BES (Fair and Sustainable Well-being, the name given to the project) is based large-ly on the OECD framework and on findings by the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Com-mission. (CNEL-ISTAT, 2012, 2013, Stiglitz et al 2009). Among the intentions of the BES there is a measurement of fairness by reference to appropriate statis-tical indicators in 12 different dimensions for a total of 128 indicators. One of the dimensions analysed is, of course, health
La cucina italiana a Buenos Aires: analisi di un (Virtual) Linguistic Landscape fra travasi culturali e percorsi linguistici
No full textAsymétries d'information et richesse immatérielle de l'entreprise : Mesure microéconométrique
No full textLes économètres ont estimé des frontières de coût et de production afin d'évaluer l'inefficacité des entreprises. En parallèle, les économistes ont considéré des problèmes d'information asymétrique dans les relations contractuelles entre des principaux et des agents. Cet article propose de faire coïncider ces deux approches. On y construit des frontières structurelles ou le terme d'inefficacité est en partie endogène et dépend des contraintes économiques qui pèsent sur l'activité d'un producteur. Des données sur la régulation du transport urbain en France sont utilisées afin d'illustrer notre méthode.
Urban deprivation in Argentina: A POSET analysis
No full textThe Argentinian case offers many examples of fragmented urban reality, whose deprivation might be fruitfully analysed by deprivation indicators, according to a current trend in literature. Non-aggregative quantitative method based on the POSET theory offers an alternative approach that may steer clear of the shortcomings of the aggregative approaches. Through our analysis we intend to propose a picture of the Argentinian material and social deprivation. Since our approach does not establish any indicator and avoids absolute hierarchy among areas, it makes a rigorous tool available to public authorities. This allows them the rational choice about where and how intervene, to focus the political action at its best. Our analysis shows that social deprivation is characterized by high variability, which makes it less comparable than material deprivation. Moreover, 72% of the statistical units considered are socially deprived
Des robots au service des hommes
No full textNational audienceComprendre les interactions entre les robots et les humains pour faciliter leur acceptation, voilà un des défis qui anime la chercheuse Serena Ivaldi au quotidien. Elle nous en parle dans cet épisode du podcast audio
The general rule applicable to torts, party autonomy and «specialized» conflict-of-law provisions in the Rome II Regulation
No full textThe paper discusses the main provisions of the European Union’s Regulation on tort conflicts (“Rome II”), by analyzing (i) the range of PIL techniques employed by the Regulation and (ii) its inspiring objectives. The need for legal certainty and foreseeability as to the law applicable permeates the whole Regulation and more specifically it motivates (a) the list of the issues which are governed by the lex delicti, as well as (b) the choice – within the general rule – of the connecting criterion based upon the locus damni. On the other hand, the will to «treat individual cases in an appropriate manner» has led to the introduction of exceptions to the general rule in relation to predetermined situations, such as the so called isolated torts, as well as to the provision of a more general and flexible power of the judge to determine the manifestly closer connection (through the escape clause). The establishment – as well as the preservation – of a reasonable balance among the parties has inspired not only the provision of special conflict-of-law rules (recital n. 19), but also the choice of the locus damni as the main connecting criterion (the fairness of such solution for the purposes of reaching a reasonable balance among the parties is extensively analysed in the paper), as well as the provision of peculiar limitations to the choice of the law applicable, in cases where weaker parties are involved. The safeguard of particular material interests deserving a special degree of protection is finally shown, for instance, by art. 7 concerning liability for environmental damage. In the light of the above, the paper underlines that the «system» of conflict-of-law rules laid down by Rome II Regulation appears to be particularly noteworthy in so far as it aims – by means of a remarkable range of solutions and techniques – at promoting several interests and objectives which are not always reciprocally consistent. Nonetheless, the real capacity of the Regulation to achieve such ambitious objectives will only be effectively assessable in the light of its future and broader application by the national courts. Paola Ivaldi is the author of paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8
How has Emmanuel Macron changed France?
No full text“The greatest change that has occurred during Macron’s presidency is the polarisation of the French political system,” says Gilles Ivaldi, a researcher in politics at the Centre for Political Research at Sciences Po in Paris, France. Ivaldi explains that Macron seized the centre-ground of French politics. “Because of that, he’s weakened all the previously dominant parties of the left and right and therefore he’s opened space for more radical parties,” he says. Ivaldi says his surveys of the French electorate show more and more people are placing themselves on the right in French politics. “The polarisation is asymmetrical. It has happened more to the right of the French party system than to the left of it,” he says. This shift to the right was already happening before Macron, but the manner of his victory – and his shift to the right during the past five years – exacerbated it, according to Ivaldi
Progetto EDA. Ricerca sui bisogni di Formazione nel territorio della Provincia Castelli
No full textpubblicata a Cura del Comune di Frascati
Disponibile sul sito del Comune www.edaprovinciacastelli.i
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