3,358 research outputs found
Pathways to C-Suite: The Role of Women Cultivating Senior Leadership Among Other Women
No full text2025Abstract Although there has been slow progress over the past four decades, women are still underrepresented in C-suite organizational positions. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the role that other women, both personal and professional, have had in the career trajectories of a sample of women who currently hold senior leadership positions. Participant criteria included holding a leadership position in an organization with over 100 employees, having at least one additional level of management reporting below their level, and being at least 40 years of age. Using a qualitative phenomenological methodology, semi-structured interviews were completed with ten participants. Data analysis revealed six primary themes: Mentoring and Sponsorship, Confidence and Self-Perception, Navigating Organizational Culture, Role Models and Representation, Barriers and Bias in the Workplace, and the Importance of Women's Networks. Findings particularly indicate the role of mentoring and sponsorship by other women as influential in the reported career path development of the participants, providing a depth of emotional and career support that assisted in navigating organizational culture and overcoming self-doubt. In response to these findings, the development of educational seminars targeted toward college-aged women is proposed. The proposed solution is aimed to help empower young women early on in their careers with the resources and tools to succeed in leadership roles.In particular, these seminars will demonstrate the value of mentors and sponsors and how to apply the knowledge of more senior women organizational leaders. Seminars will also provide resources and leadership insights that can be used for navigating organizational cultures and the benefits of being involved in networks of other women. Keywords: mentoring, sponsorship, women’s networks, leadership development, phenomenological study, women executive
Brain asymmetries and sex differences in developmental dyslexia
No full textthirty years ago, geschwind and galaburda (1985a, b, c) hypothesized complex links among genetic factors, prenatal environment, sex, brain asymmetries, and the susceptibility to developmental disorders, in par-ticular, developmental dyslexia. this chapter reviews studies our team conducted on the neuroanatomy of developmental dyslexia. among other results, we replicated galaburda’s original finding of an altered asymme-try of the planum temporale (PT) in dyslexia by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a large group of children. this difference in asymmetry, however, was only found in boys. we observed that the cortical region ded-icated to visual word recognition (located in the left hemisphere) is thicker in readers who do not have dyslexia than in readers who have dyslexia, but only among girls. we also found that two white matter tracts connect-ing posterior and anterior regions of the brain and participating in reading show different hemispheric asymmetry patterns in children with dyslexia and control children. finally, we discovered a difference in the asymmetry of the depth of the central sulcus (a major fold of the brain) between chil-dren with dyslexia and control children, with a different pattern in boys and in girls. overall, we found that when individuals with dyslexia and control individuals differ in brain anatomy, the differences depend on the cerebral hemisphere, and they are not the same in males and females. In other words, brain asymmetry seems key to understanding the neuroana-tomical basis of dyslexia, and this neuroanatomical basis seems to partly differ between the sexes. Several possible explanations are discussed that are consistent with geschwind and galaburda’s original ideas
Variability and fractal analysis of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and arterial blood pressure in subarachnoid hemorrhage
No full textHigher biologic systems operate far from equilibrium resulting in order, complexity, fluctuation of inherent parameters, and dissipation of energy. According to the decomplexification theory, disease is characterized by a loss of system complexity. We analyzed such complexity in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), by applying the standard technique of variability analysis and the novel method of fractal analysis to middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (FV) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). In 31 SAH -patients, FV (using transcranial Doppler sonography) and direct ABP were measured. The standard deviations (s.d.) and coefficients of variation (CV=relative s.d.) for FV and ABP time series of length 2(10) secs were calculated as measures of variability. The spectral index beta(low) and the Hurst coefficient H(bdSWV) were analyzed as fractal measures. Outcome was assessed 1 year after SAH according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Both FV (beta(low)=2.2+/-0.4, mean+/-s.d.) and ABP (beta(low)=2.3+/-0.4) were classified as nonstationary (fractal Brownian motion) signals. FV showed significantly (P<0.05) higher variability (CV=7.2+/-2.5%) and Hurst coefficient (H(bdSWV)=0.26+/-0.13) as compared with ABP (CV=5.5+/-2.7%, H(bdSWV)=0.19+/-0.11). Better outcome (GOS) correlated significantly (P<0.05) with higher s.d. of FV (Spearman's r(s)=0.51, r(s)(2)=0.26) and ABP (r(s)=0.57, r(s)(2)=0.32), as well as with a higher Hurst coefficient of ABP (r(s)=0.46, r(s)(2)=0.21). Cerebral vasospasm reduced CV of FV, but left H(bdSWV) unchanged. FV and ABP fluctuated markedly despite homeostatic control. A reduced variability of FV and ABP might indicate a loss of complexity and was associated with a less favorable outcome. Therefore, the decomplexification theory of illness may apply to SAH
Concepts and Rationale for Regional Nitrogen Rate Guidelines for Corn, April 2006
No full textNitrogen (N) is typically one of the largest corn fertilization expenses. Nitrogen application is critical because it signifi cantly improves corn yield in many crop rotations. When choosing N rates, producers need to carefully consider both achieving most profi table economic return and advancing environmental stewardship.
In 2004, university agronomists from the Corn Belt states began discussions regarding N rate use for corn production. The reasons for the discussions centered on apparent differences in methods for determining N rates across states, misperceptions regarding
N rate guidelines, and concerns about application rates as corn yields have climbed to historic levels. An outcome of those discussions was an effort with the objectives to:
▪ develop N rate guidelines that could be applicable on a regional basis and
▪ identify the most profi table
fertilizer N rates for corn production across the Corn Belt. This publication provides an
overview of corn N fertilization in regard to rate of application, investigates concepts for determining economic application rates, and describes a suggested regional approach for developing corn N rate guidelines directly from recent research data
Diffuse radio emission in the complex merging galaxy cluster Abell2069
No full textContext. Galaxy clusters with signs of a recent merger in many cases show extended diffuse radio features. This emission originates from relativistic electrons that suffer synchrotron losses due to the intracluster magnetic field. The mechanisms of particle acceleration and the properties of the magnetic field are still poorly understood. Aims. We search for diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters. Here, we study the complex galaxy cluster Abell2069, for which X-ray observations indicate a recent merger. Methods. We investigate the cluster's radio continuum emission by deep Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) observations at 346 MHz and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations at 322MHz. Results. We find an extended diffuse radio feature roughly coinciding with the main component of the cluster. We classify this emission as a radio halo and estimate its lower limit flux density at 25 ± 9 mJy. Moreover, we find a second extended diffuse source located at the cluster's companion and estimate its flux density at 15 ± 2 mJy. We speculate that this is a small halo or a mini-halo. If true, this cluster is the first example of a double-halo in a single galaxy cluster
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Using community participation to assess acceptability of "Contra Caries", a theory-based, promotora-led oral health education program for rural Latino parents: A mixed methods study
No full text© 2015 Hoeft et al.Background: Latino children experience more prevalent and severe tooth decay than non-Hispanic white and non-Hispanic black children. Few theory-based, evaluated and culturally appropriate interventions target parents of this vulnerabl
Multiple density discontinuities in the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301
No full textCIZA J2242.8+5301, a merging galaxy cluster at z = 0.19, hosts a double-relic system and a faint radio halo. Radio observations at frequencies ranging from a few MHz to several GHz have shown that the radio spectral index at the outer edge of the northern relic corresponds to a shock of Mach number 4.6+1.3?0.9, under the assumptions of diffusive shock acceleration of thermal particles in the test-particle regime. Here, we present results from new Chandra observations of the cluster. The Chandra surface brightness profile across the northern relic only hints to a surface brightness discontinuity (<2? detection). Nevertheless, our reanalysis of archival Suzaku data indicates a temperature discontinuity across the relic that is consistent with a Mach number of 2.54+0.64?0.43, in agreement with previously published results. This confirms that the Mach number at the shock traced by the northern relic is much weaker than predicted from the radio. Puzzlingly, in the Chandra data we also identify additional inner small density discontinuities both on and off the merger axis. Temperature measurements on both sides of the discontinuities do not allow us to undoubtedly determine their nature, although a shock front interpretation seems more likely. We speculate that if the inner density discontinuities are indeed shock fronts, then they are the consequence of violent relaxation of the dark matter cores of the clusters involved in the merger
Reliability of cerebral blood flow measurements by transcerebral double-indicator dilution technique
No full textBackground and objective The recently developed transcerebral double-indicator dilution technique has proven to be a feasible monitoring alternative to measure global cerebral blood flow at the bedside. However, the short-term repeatability of transcerebral double-indicator dilution measurements has not yet been investigated. The present study was designed to investigate the accuracy in terms of reliability for repeated transcerebral double-indicator dilution measurements to assess global cerebral blood flow during a definite carbon dioxide challenge in a clinical trial. Methods The investigation was performed in 10 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting. After induction of anaesthesia, repeated cerebral blood flow measurements using transcerebral double-indicator dilution were performed during target normocapnia, hypocapnia and hypercapnia. For transcerebral double-indicator dilution measurements, a bolus injection of ice-cold indocyanine green was administered into a central vein. The resulting thermal dye dilution curves were recorded simultaneously in the aorta and the jugular bulb using combined fibreoptic thermistor catheters. Cerebral blood flow was calculated from the mean transit times of the indicators through the brain. Additionally, transcranial Doppler sonography was simultaneously performed to measure transient changes in the cerebral blood flow velocity. Results Transcerebral double-indicator dilution measurements revealed a reasonable coefficient of repeatability with 9.1, 9.7 and 20.2 mL min(-1) 100 g(-1) during normo-, hypo- and hypercapnic conditions, respectively. However, a total of 20% of the administered measurements had to be rejected for methodological reasons. Conclusions Repeated measurements with the transcerebral double-indicator dilution method show a reasonable repeatability. With consideration to the limitations of the transcerebral double-indicator dilution technique, this new method proves to be a reliable monitoring tool to measure global cerebral blood flow at the bedside
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