74 research outputs found
Power modulation contrast enhanced ultrasound for postoperative perfusion monitoring following free tissue transfer in head and neck surgery
No full textThis feasibility study evaluated whether contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEU) was able to assess free flap perfusion following free tissue transfer in the head and neck region. Thirty-six patients underwent standard clinical monitoring (SCM) and CEU postoperatively. The time taken for each technique to detect flap failure was recorded. Qualitative CEU analysis by visual assessment predicted survival in 30/30 (100%) and failure in 5/6 (83%) flaps with sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values of 100, 86, 97 and 100%, respectively. Quantitative CEU measurement of blood volume (?) values within healthy perfused flaps was over 60 times higher than in failing flaps (8.25 ± 2.82 dB vs. 0.12 ± 0.17 dB, respectively, P < 0.0001). If a cut-off ? value of <1.5 dB was used to predict future flap failure, the accuracy of the test was 100% (sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV). If a cut-off ? value of >1.9 dB indicated flap success, the PPV and NPV are 100%. Following surgery, SCM took 76 (±15) h to detect flap failure compared with 18 (±38) h with CEU (P < 0.05). CEU is highly accurate in its ability to distinguish between perfused and failing flaps. The technique is quick (<10 min) and capable of imaging all flap types
Asymmetric Intermolecular C−H Activation, Using Immobilized Dirhodium Tetrakis((<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-(dodecylbenzenesulfonyl)- prolinate) as a Recoverable Catalyst
No full textHeterogenization of dirhodium tetrakis((S)-N-dodecylbenzenesulfonyl)prolinate) (Rh2(S-DOSP)4) can be readily achieved on a pyridine functionalized
highly cross-linked polystyrene resin. The immobilized complex is readily recycled and exhibits excellent catalytic activity for asymmetric
intermolecular C−H activation by means of rhodium carbenoid induced C−H insertion
The role of incentive mechanisms in promoting forest restoration
No full textForest restoration has been proposed as a scalable nature-based solution to achieve global environmental and socio-economic outcomes and is central to many policy initiatives, such as the Bonn Challenge. Restored forests contain appreciable biodiversity, improve habitat connectivity and sequester carbon. Incentive mechanisms (e.g. payments for ecosystem services and allocation of management rights) have been a focus of forest restoration efforts for decades. Yet, there is still little understanding of their role in promoting restoration success. We conducted a systematic literature review to investigate how incentive mechanisms are used to promote forest restoration, outcomes, and the biophysical and socio-economic factors that influence implementation and program success. We found that socio-economic factors, such as governance, monitoring systems and the experience and beliefs of participants, dominate whether or not an incentive mechanism is successful. We found that approximately half of the studies report both positive ecological and socio-economic outcomes. However, reported adverse outcomes were more commonly socio-economic than ecological. Our results reveal that achieving forest restoration at a sufficient scale to meet international commitments will require stronger assessment and management of socio-economic factors that enable or constrain the success of incentive mechanisms. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Understanding forest landscape restoration: reinforcing scientific foundations for the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration’.Anazelia M. Tedesco, Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Michelle L. Hak Hepburn, Khalil Walji, Kerrie A. Wilson, Hugh P. Possingham, Angela J. Dean, Nick Nugent, Katerina Elias-Trostmann, Katharina-Victoria Perez-Hammerle, and Jonathan R. Rhode
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