7 research outputs found
Nanoaluminum as a Solid Propellant Fuel
No full textExperimental studies on the burning of nanoaluminum-based solid rocket propellants are carried out. Data on the properties of condensed combustion products, mechanisms of their formation, and burning-rate law are obtained.
Based on these data, a physical picture is developed of the considered burning-propellant classes. Mathematical modeling of burning nanoaluminum in composite solid rocket propellants is carried out. The influence of nanoaluminum on ignition temperature of the metal fuel and burning-rate law is shown. The results of this study allow carrying out the analysis and selection of good-quality propellants using nanoaluminum
Assessment of chamois monitoring in Triglav hunting-management area in the period from 2008 to 2015
Get PDFDelo je rezultat analize podatkov pridobljenih med monitoringom gamsa (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) na stalnih vzorčnih poteh v Triglavskem lovsko-upravljavskem območju v obdobju od leta 2008 do leta 2015. Namen naloge je bil oceniti uspešnost in učinkovitost uporabljene metode monitoringa. Rezultati številčnost in spolne ter starostne strukture preštetih gamsov so primerjani z odvzemom za isto obdobje. Populacijska dinamika preštetih gamsov je v začetnem obdobju nakazovala upad številčnosti gamsov, v zadnjih letih monitoringa pa postopno dvigovanje. Primerjava trendov populacijske dinamike štetja in odvzema je prikazala šibko korelacijo. Rezultati spolne in starostne strukture preštetih gamsov nakazujejo na višji delež samic v populaciji, medtem ko načrtovan odvzem bolj posega v moški del populacije. Uporabljena metoda monitoringa je učinkovita, saj pridobljeni podatki dajejo pomembne informacije o stanju populacije in njeni prostorski razdelitvi. Ponovna izvedba monitoringa je smotrna ob upoštevanju priporočil za izboljšavo iz te naloge.This thesis is the result of the analysis of data obtained during the monitoring of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L. ) on transects in the Triglav hunting and management area during the period from 2008 to 2015. The purpose of the paper is to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the monitoring method that was used. The results of the population dynamics along with the sex and age structure of the chamois counted are compared with the cull of chamois for the same period. The population dynamics of the counted chamois in the initial period indicated a decline in the number of counted chamois, and in the last years of monitoring a gradual increase in the population. The comparison of trends in population dynamics of counting and cull showed a weak correlation. The results of the sexual and age structure of the counted chamois indicate a higher share of females in the population, while the planned cull interferes more within the male population. The monitoring method used is effective, as the obtained data provide important information about the state of the population and its spatial distribution. Re-monitoring may be appropriate, considering the recommendations for improvement mentioned in this thesis
Gamsja garjavost v triglavski populaciji gamsa (Rupicapra rupicapra L.)
Get PDFDelo predstavlja rezultate analize garjavih gamsov opravljene v severno - zahodnem delu Slovenije, natančneje v celotnem Triglavskem LUO in v manjšam delu Gorenjskega LUO, v obdobju od leta 2000 do 2009. Garjavost se pogosteje pojavlja v območju, kjer je večja gostota populacije. Garjavost je v zadnjih letih v upadanju, pogosteje se pojavlja znotraj Lovišča s posebnim namenom Triglav. Garjavost ne izbira med spoloma, zastopana je pri obeh enako. Najpogosteje najdemo garjave gamse v srednjem starostnem razredu. Analize so tudi pokazale razlike med telesno maso pri zdravih in garjavih gamsih. Pri zdravih kozlih so večje telesne mase do 3,75 kg in pri kozah do 1,2 kg.In this work the results of the chamois sarcoptic manage analysis in the north-western part of Slovenia, especially in the entire Triglav LUO and in the minor part of LUO Gorenjska, in the period from 2000 to 2009 are presented. Sarcoptic manage is more frequent in the range with higher population density. Sarcoptic manage has been in decline recently and it often occurs in The Hunting Grounds with Special Purpose Triglav. Sarcoptic manage affects both sexes equally. Most often is sarcoptic manage found in the middle age group. The analysis shows the difference between healthy chamois and chamois with sarcoptic manage. Healthy male chamoisć body weighs 3.75 kg and healthy females 1.2 kg more than chamois affected by the sarcoptic manage
Morphological indicators of growth and development of chamois in two different biotopes in Slovenia
No full textAnaliza obravnava telesno težo in in točkovno vrednost rogljev v odvisnosti od spola, starosti ter od zgradbe biotopa. Glede zgradbe biotopa sta v raziskavi obravnavani dve skupini območij in sicer A območje, ki obsega predvsem altimontanski in subalpinski gozdni pas ter predele nad zgornjo mejo ter B območje, ki ga poraščajo predvsem montanski in submontanski gozdovi. A območje je biotop, ki ga je gams poseljeval že od nekdaj, v B območju pa se je razširil šele v zadnjih desetletjih. Glede telesne teže gamsov ni signifikantnih razlik med območji, pač pa imajo gamsi v A območju nekoliko višjo točkovno vrednost rogljev. Območje A ima nekoliko manjšo stopnjo invadiranosti s pljučnimi zajedalci. V povprečju pa je delež s temi zajedalci invadiranih gamsov kar 77.6%. Delež invadiranih samic je manjši kot pri samcih, podobno je tudi delež invadiranih osebkov manjši pri starejših gamsih. Stopnja invadiranosti z zajedalci je negativno korelirana s telesno težo osebka.The relationship of body weight and C.I.C points of horns to sex, age and biotope structure is discussed. With respect to biotope structure, two groups of areas are dealt with, namely section A, which encompasses mainly the altimontane and subalpine forest belt and areas above the upper timber line, and section B, which is covered mainly with montane and submontane forests. Section A is a biotope in which chamois has been present for a long time, while in section B it has spread during the recent decades. There are no significant differences between the two sections as to body weight, but C.I.C. points of horns of chamois living in section A are slightly higher. Also, section A is slightly less invaded by pulmonary parasites. On average, the proportion of chamois invaded by these parasites is as high as 77.9%. The proportion of invaded females is lower than that of males and similarly, the proportion of invaded subjects of older age is lower. The extent of the invasion of parasites is negatively correlated with body weight of a subject
Does the fluctuating asymmetry in horn length in Chamois (rupicapra rupicapra l.) reflect the quality and age of the animal
No full textNihajočo asimetrijo (fluctuating asymmetry-FA) dolžine rogljev gamsa (Rupicapra rupicapra) smo proučevali v vzorcu 718 odstreljenih živali obeh spolov (425 samcev, 293 samic) v obdobju od 1985-2003 v populaciji gamsov v vzhodnih Karavankah v SZ delu Slovenije. Dolžina rogljev odraža FA tako pri samcih kot pri samicah. Absolutna FA dolžine rogljev s starostjo narašča pri obeh spolih. Med mladimi živalmi z večjo FA izstopajo dveletne. V absolutni FAv okviru posameznih starostnih razredov nismo odkrili razlik med spoloma. Odvisnost med FA in velikostjo znaka smo odkrili pri samicah, in sicer z velikostjo znaka asimetrija narašča. Nismo odkrili odvisnosti med absolutno FAin telesno maso. Nismo odkrili razlik v relativni FA pri samicah med posameznimi starostnimi razredi. Če domnevamo, da le kvalitetni osebki in osebki, ki niso pod stresom, lahko proizvedejo bolj simetrične roglje, ugotavljamo, da rezultati domneve, da FA v sekundarnih spolnih znakih odraža kvaliteto nosilca, ne potrjujejo. Roglji večjih osebkov niso bolj simetrični. Ocenjujemo, da je asimetrija dolžine rogljev lahko znak starosti njihovega nosilca, ni pa znak njegove kvalitete. Simetrija dolžine rogljev pri gamsu verjetno nima velikega pomena v medsebojnih interakcijah.We have researched the fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in the horn length of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) on a sample of 718 animals of both sexes (425males, 293 females) that were shot in chamois population in the eastern Karavanke mountain ridge in northwestern part of Slovenia in the period 1985 -2003. Horn length reflects FA in male as well as in female population. Absolute FA in horn length increases with age in both sexes. Among young animals, twoyear olds stand out as the ones with higher FA. Within single age classes we have not detected any differences in absolute FA in-between sexes. We have, however, detected dependence between FA and the size of horns among females. Fluctuating asymmetry increases with an increase in horn length. No dependence has been found between absolute FA and carcass mass. We have not detected any differences in relative FA in females within single age classes. If we presume, that only individuals of good quality and individuals which arenot under stress conditions are able to develop more symmetrical horns, we can ascertain that our results do not confirm the presumption that FA in secondary sexual characteristics reflects the quality of the individual. Hornsof bigger individuals are not more symmetrical. We therefore assume that the asymmetry in horn length could be a characteristic feature of the age of an individual but could not be a characteristic feature of the quality of the individual. The symmetry in horn length in chamois probably does not have highsignificance in contacts between animals
Diet of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) in the northeastern Slovenia
Get PDFGams (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) je prežvekovalec vmesnega tipa, ki se v vegetacijskem delu leta prehranjuje bolj izbiralno kot generalistično. Na prehransko strategijo vpliva kakovost, hranljivost in količina dostopne hrane, ki jo največkrat narekujejo klimatske razmere, v veliki meri snežna odeja. Diplomska naloga obravnava jesensko % zimsko prehrano gamsa v Kamniško % Savinjskih alpah in Karavankah, ki je bila razmeroma slabo poznana. Raziskava je temeljila na makroskopski prehranski analizi 64 vzorcev in je zajela določanje količin, pogostnosti in pomena prehranskih komponent. Cilji naloge so bili spoznati prehransko strategijo gamsa, zastopanost prehranskih komponent, spoznati spremembe v prehrani skozi čas, primerjati prehrano med spoloma, starostnima kategorijama, območjema, sezonama in letom vzorčenja in spoznati vpliv snega na izbiro prehrane pri gamsu. Izkazalo se je, da je gams generalistični prežvekovalec, ki poje največ trav (53 %), sledijo jim zelišča (20,5 %), listnate grmovnice (13,3 %), drevesa iglavcev (3,4 %), drevesa listavcev (3,0 %), iglasti grmi (2,8 %), plodovi (2,1 %), ostalo (1,7 %) in gobe (0,2 %). Največje razlike v sestavi prehrane gamsov so med sezonama vzorčenja in najmanjše med spoloma. Količina snega in trajanje snežne odeje zmanjšuje delež in pomen zelišč, ter povečuje delež iglavcev (drevesa, grmi) in listnatih grmovnic v prehrani gamsa.Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) is a ruminant of intermediate type, which in vegetative part of the year eats selectively. Feeding strategy depends on the quality, nutrition and quantity of available feed, which is influenced by climate conditions, mainly by the amount of snow cover. This thesis examines autumn % winter eating behaviour of chamois in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps and the Karawanks. The study is based on macroscopic feeding analysis of 64 samples with a goal of setting the quantity, frequency and importance of feeding components. The objectives of this thesis are the following: to learn about the feeding strategy of chamoisto observe coverage of feeding components, changes in feeding over time and compare the feed between sexes, age categories, regions, seasons and years of samplingand to learn about the influence of snow on chamois% feeding options. Our results show that chamois is a generalist ruminant which eats mainly grass (53 %), followed by herbs (20,5 %), leafy shrubs (13,3 %), conifer trees (3,4 %), deciduous trees (3,0 %), conifer shrubs (2,8 %), pods (2,1 %) and mushrooms (0,2 %). Seasons of sampling reveal the biggest differences in composition of the feed, while the smallest differences appear between sexes. The amount of snow and the duration of snow cover reduce the share and importance of herbs while they increase the share of conifers (trees and shrubs) and deciduous shrubs in chamois feed
Identification and molecular characterisation of ORF viruses in chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) and papillomaviruses in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)
No full textKužni ektim povzroča virus Orf, ki spada v družino Poxviridae, rod Parapoxvirus. V doktorski nalogi opisujemo analizo dveh genomov izolatov virusov Orf pri gamsih (sev ORFV_82/13 in sev ORFV_12/17). Z metodo sekvenciranja naslednje generacije (angl. next-generation sequencing, NGS) smo prvi določili skoraj celotno nukleotidno zaporedje genomov (angl. nearly complete genome) virusov Orf pri gamsih. Analiza genomov virusov Orf pri gamsih je pokazala visoko stopnjo sorodnosti z virusi Orf pri ovcah in kozah. Genoma sta na nivoju nukleotidnega zaporedja med seboj 99,93-odstotno podobna in se od genomov drugih virusov Orf, dostopnih v podatkovni zbirki NCBI GenBank, razlikujeta od 7,61 % (ovčji sev NZ2) do 11,62 % (kozji sev NP). Filogenetska analiza genov osrednje regije je pokazala, da sta virusa Orf pri gamsih tvorila svojo filogenetsko podskupino. V doktorski nalogi smo z ugotavljanjem prisotnosti protiteles proti virusom Orf s serum nevtralizacijskim testom ugotavljali prekuženost populacije gamsov z virusom Orf. Testirali smo 40 vzorcev serumov gamsov. Rezultati testa so bili negativni pri 38 vzorcih, dveh rezultatov ni bilo mogoče odčitati zaradi citotoksičnega učinka vzorca seruma na celično kulturo. S pregledom arhivskih vzorcev zadnjih dveh desetletij, upoštevajoč posredovane podatke lovskih družin ter izkušnje Inštituta za patologijo, divjad, ribe in čebele, smo ugotovili ciklično pojavljanje kužnega ektima pri gamsih. Fibropapilomi so benigni tumorji kože, ki jih povzročajo virusi iz družine Papillomaviridae. Bolezen z izraženimi kliničnimi znaki kaže v Evropi tendenco širjenja med populacijo srn, medtem ko je pri navadnem jelenu opažena redko. V nalogi opisujemo primere fibropapilomatoze pri srnah in navadnem jelenu z značilno klinično in histopatološko sliko. Z metodo NGS smo določili nukleotidno zaporedje celotnih genomov sedmih papilomavirusov (PV), in sicer šestim sevom PV pri srnah (CcaPV1 sev 31-16, CcaPV1 sev 32-16, CcaPV1 sev 37-14, CcaPV1 sev 63-15, CcaPV1 sev 103-16 in CcaPV1 sev 84-14) in enemu sevu PV pri navadnem jelenu (CePV1v sev 64-14). Pri srnah smo potrdili okužbo s tipom CcaPV1 in pri navadnem jelenu s podtipom CePV1v. Primerjava virusnih genomov z že znanimi genomi iz NCBI GenBank je pokazala visoko genetsko stabilnost genoma v času in prostoru. S pregledom arhivskih vzorcev zadnjih dveh desetletij smo ugotovili pojavljanje fibropapilomatoze pri srnah na letni ravni, pri navadnem jelenu pa izredno redko.Contagious ectyma is a disease caused by Orf virus, a member of the family Poxviridae, genus Parapoxvirus. In the doctoral dissertation, we describe the analysis of two genomes of Orf virus isolates in chamois (strain ORFV_82/13 and strain ORFV_12/17). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we were the first ones to identify nearly complete genome of Orf viruses in chamois. The analyses revealed a high degree of similarity to Orf virus found in sheep and goats. At the nucleotide sequence level, the genomes are 99.93 % identical to each other and differ from other Orf viruses from 7.61 % (sheep strain NZ2) to 11.62 % (goat strain NP). Phylogenetic analysis of genes in the central region has shown that chamois Orf viruses form a distinct phylogenetic group. In the doctoral dissertation, the presence of antibodies against Orf viruses by serum neutralization assay was used to determine the seroprevalence of chamois population with Orf virus. Forty serum samples from chamois were tested. Test results were negative for 38 samples, and two results could not be read due to the cytotoxic effect of the serum sample on the cell culture. By reviewing the archival samples of the last two decades, considering the data provided by hunting organisations and the experience of the Institute of Pathology, wild animals, fish and bees, we found cyclic occurrence of contagious ecthyma in chamois. Fibropapillomas are benign skin tumours caused by viruses of the Papillomaviridae family. The disease with pronounced clinical signs shows a tendency to spread among the roe deer population in Europe, whereas it is rarely observed in red deer. The dissertation describes cases of fibropapillomatosis in roe deer and red deer with a characteristic clinical and histopathological picture. NGS method was used to determine the nucleotide sequence of the whole genome of seven papillomaviruses (PV), namely the sixth PV strain in roe deer (CcaPV1 strain 31-16, CcaPV1 strain 32-16, CcaPV1 strain 37-14, CcaPV1 strain 63-15, CcaPV1 strain 103-16 and CcaPV1 strain 84-14) and one PV strain in red deer (CePV1v strain 64-14). Infections with the CcaPV1 type were confirmed in roe deer and with the CePV1v subtype in red deer. Comparison of the viral genomes with previously known genomes from NCBI GenBank showed high genetic stability of the genome in time and space. Reviewing archival samples from the last two decades, it was found that fibropapillomatosis occurs annually in roe deer but extremely rarely in red deer
