392 research outputs found
La citta' mediterranea: tra stereotipi e frammentazioni di scala
No full textMarina Fuschi
La città mediterranea: tra stereotipi e frammentazioni di scala
La storia del mondo mediterraneo si è identificata con la figura emblematica della città e la stessa civiltà mediterranea è per eccellenza una civiltà urbana. Da tali assunti muove il contributo La città mediterranea: tra stereotipi e frammentazioni di scala, che attraverso l’analisi del peso storico, della dinamica urbano-insediativa e delle politiche di pianificazione territoriale, tenta di interpretarne i punti di convergenza e divergenza. Ne derivano, pur con i limiti intrinseci a qualsiasi tentativo di classificazione tipologica, tre distinti quadri macroregionali che consentono di assimilare la città del Nord a quella “occidentale”, riconducibile a un sistema urbano consolidato; la città dell’Est a quella “post-comunista”, inquadrabile come sistema urbano in transizione; la città del Sud a quella “periferica”, in via di sviluppo, tipica di un sistema urbano immaturo. Dalla consapevolezza di tali diversità e nella convinzione che solo la città – per il suo ruolo di sintesi territoriale del progresso e anello di congiunzione dei grandi processi di internazionalizzazione dell’economia – possa proporsi come punto di partenza di una nuova progettualità capace di rispettare le specificità, esaltare le connessioni e perseguire obiettivi di solidarietà, acquista senso e significato l’idea che si oppone all’immagine ancora fortemente mitizzata della città mediterranea
Compulsory vaccination and access to educational institutions: The model of the United States and Italy: A study of comparative law
No full textThis comparative law study examines the historical development and legal aspects of compulsory vaccination and its relationship with access to educational institutions in the United States and Italy. The paper explores the origins of school vaccination policies in the United States, noting the correlation between the enactment of compulsory school attendance laws and the introduction of mandatory immunization. It highlights the role of smallpox epidemics as a driving force behind the adoption of compulsory vaccination laws, often integrated into broader bills promoting comprehensive public vaccination.
The study delves into the challenges faced by school vaccination laws, including opposition from parents and other stakeholders based on legal, ethical, social, and epidemiological grounds. It examines the resistance encountered by local School Boards against state-level mandatory vaccination laws, emphasizing the tension between state oversight and local autonomy in managing school health programs. The paper also explores judicial challenges to vaccination policies and the varying court decisions regarding their constitutionality and enforcement.
Shifting focus to Italy, the paper discusses the jurisprudence surrounding compulsory health treatment, including vaccinations, as determined by the Italian Constitutional Court. It highlights the criteria established by the Court, such as the requirement for compulsory treatments to aim at improving or protecting individual and public health without causing significant harm. The Court emphasizes the responsibility of the Legislature in implementing measures that balance the constitutional protection of health with individual rights and the need for preventive investigations to assess and mitigate potential risks associated with vaccinations.
By examining the historical context, legal framework, and judicial perspectives in the United States and Italy, this comparative analysis sheds light on the complexities and evolving nature of compulsory vaccination policies and their intersection with access to educational institutions. Understanding the nuances of these systems can contribute to informed discussions and policy considerations in the ongoing public health discourse.
This paper offers a systematic view of the relationship between mandatory vaccination and resistance to vaccination by families of minors. Wanting to reconstruct the issue at a systematic level, the author has not dealt with the issues and facts arising from the Covid - 19 epidemic because they are still in the making and difficult to assess
L’azione uniformante del fenomeno corruttivo per l’evoluzione degli ordinamenti statali e sovranazionali : una analisi di diritto comparato : Danimarca, Finlandia, Germania, Regno Unito, Francia e Stati Uniti a confronto
No full textI fenomeni corruttivi sono sempre più diffusi e pervasivi nella socie- tà contemporanea. Alcuni dei più vasti procedimenti avviati per contra- stare la corruzione, i casi contro Siemens, BAE e Alstom ad esempio, hanno posto in rilievo il fatto che la sola normativa nazionale, seppur dettagliata e ben applicata non è sufficiente a contrastare questo feno- meno, data la ramificazione su scala mondiale che una multinazionale può sviluppare. Tramite gli strumenti propri del diritto comparato ven- gono qui analizzate le normative più importanti sul tema. Si è scelto di partire dai Paesi del nord Europa, su tutti Danimarca e Finlandia poiché si sono raggiunti bassissimi livelli di corruzione nella società. Si passa poi all’analisi della normativa della Germania, molto importante poi- ché è anche sede legale della multinazionale Siemens. Infine si discute quanto previsto in materia negli ordinamenti di Francia e Regno Unito. Questi sistemi vengono poi analizzati anche in base a quanto previsto dal Foreign Corrupt Practices Act degli Stati Uniti
La conurbazione centro adriatica abruzzese: una piccola "metropoli" di rango sovra regionale
No full textThe incomplete reform of local authorities (Law 56/2014), identifiable with the whole Delrio’s project, by now completely unworkable, other than inadequate under a variety of aspects, has not delineated new and effective models of governance, useful in terms of representation, care and management of strategic issues at the scale of Area Vasta. The reform has not restructured the form of government of intermediate authorities, nor has it defined, from a spatial and a functional perspective, their appropriate ‘pertinent dimension’. In addition, the reform has reiterated the choice of the Metropolitan Cities operated in 1990, hastily assimilating their borders to those of the provinces, confirming the highly unbalanced territorial situations and denying the metropolitan representativeness to some cities with functional supra-regional rank. Under this last condition is the conurbation of Pescara-Chieti, which is presented here as a case study
La tutela costituzionale degli animali: una analisi comparata sui formanti giuridici tra Italia e Germania
No full textThe article explores the path followed, since ancient times, to enhance the legal protection of animals. After the description of the evolution of the concept of animal from the ancient Greeks to present day, the work describes how the concept of animal protection has evolved and has become a constitutional value. The Author then focuses on the German system of animal protection, to underline the main concept of the con- stitutional animal protection since Germany is one of the leading States in the world in the affirmation of this constitutional value. The evolution of the concept of animal protection is analyzed with a legal comparison between Italy and Germany because the Italian constitutional reform that introduces the value of animal protection in the Italian Constitution occurred 20 years after the German one
Welfare State e crisi. Le risposte costituzionali in ottica comparata e multilivello
No full textL'articolo analizza il ruolo e la funzione del welfare state alla luce degli effetti della pandemia sulla
protezione sociale. Esso richiama il concetto di integrazione dell'autorità pubblica per colmare le carenze dei
meccanismi di mercato, specialmente nelle situazioni di rischi sociali come la disoccupazione, la malattia e la
vecchiaia. L'autore esamina l'evoluzione del concetto di Stato, con particolare agli Stati membri dell’Unione
europea, ed evidenzia le contraddizioni e le distonie emerse durante la pandemia, che hanno influenzato gli assetti
economici e sociali.The article analyzes the role and function of the welfare state considering the effects of the pandemic on social protection. It invokes the concept of supplementing public authority to fill the shortcomings of market mechanisms, especially in situations of social risks such as unemployment, illness and old age. The author examines the evolution of the concept of the state, with particular reference to the European Union, and highlights the contradictions and dystonies that emerged during the pandemic, which affected economic and social arrangements
VACCINE REQUIREMENTS: A COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT JURISPRUDENTIAL AND REGULATORY INSTANCES IN THE U.S. STATES
No full textThe work here presented describes the approach of some Courts of federated States and of the Supreme Courts about the exceptions to mandatory vaccine requirements in order to contrast the Covid-19 pandemic. About the tools of comparative law, analyzing the different approach of the state’s Court we can define a paradigm used in most of the western State. Moreover, due to the scarcity of time to evaluate the decisions taken by the executive bodies we can also trace a model of reaction to crisis of the constitutional State. In this paper are analyzed and discussed the main jurisprudence cases of Michigan, Maine and the State of New
York. In the latter part the decision taken by the executive branch are analyzed, specially that one related to the moratory on evictions. This paper concludes with a quick reflection on the renewed interest sparked by the recent pandemic with respect to the importance of vaccine prevention for the lives of various state systems and individual
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